Technical Foundations of IoT
Published on 1. January 2017
480 pages
978-1-63081-466-3 (ISBN)
Description
This comprehensive new resource presents a technical introduction to the components, architecture, software, and protocols of IoT. This book is especially catered to those who are interested in researching, developing, and building IoT. The book covers the physics of electricity and electromagnetism laying the foundation for understanding the components of modern electronics and computing. Readers learn about the fundamental properties of matter along with security and privacy issues related to IoT. From the launch of the internet from ARPAnet in the 1960s to recent connected gadgets, this book highlights the integration of IoT in various verticals such as industry, smart cities, connected vehicles, and smart and assisted living. The overall design patterns, issues with UX and UI, and different network topologies related to architectures of M2M and IoT solutions are explored. Product development, power options for IoT devices, including battery chemistry, actuators from simple buzzers to complex stepper motors, and sensors from gyroscopes to the electrical sensing of organic compounds are covered. Hardware development, sensors, and embedded systems are discussed in detail. This book offers insight into the software components that impinge on IoT solutions, development, network protocols, backend software, data analytics and conceptual interoperability.
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Boris Adryan | Dominik Obermaier
The Technical Foundations of IoT
Book
06/2017
Artech House Publishers
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Content
- The Technical Foundations of IoT
- Contents
- Foreword by Andy Stanford-Clark
- Foreword by Alexandra Deschamps-Sonsino
- Introduction by Stefan Grasmann
- Preface by Boris Adryan
- Acknowledgments
- Part I Physical Principles and Information
- Chapter 1 Electricity and Electromagnetism
- 1.1 MATTER, ELEMENTS AND ATOMS
- 1.1.1 Electron Configuration and Atomic Orbitals
- 1.1.2 Conductors and Semiconductors
- 1.1.3 Electric Charge, Current and Voltage
- 1.2 ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELD
- 1.2.1 Magnets and Magnetism
- 1.2.2 Interactions of Electric and Magnetic Fields
- 1.2.3 Electromagnetic Spectrum
- Chapter 2 Electronics
- 2.1 COMPONENTS
- 2.1.1 Passive Components
- 2.1.2 Active Components
- 2.2 ANALOGUE AND DIGITAL CIRCUITS
- 2.2.1 Logic gates
- 2.2.2 Memory
- 2.2.3 Binary Calculations
- 2.2.4 Logic Chips
- 2.3 PROGRAMMABLE COMPUTERS
- 2.3.1 Field-Programmable Gate Arrays
- 2.3.2 Microcontrollers
- 2.3.3 Multipurpose Computers
- Chapter 3 Information Theory and Computing
- 3.1 INFORMATION CONTENT
- 3.2 A/D AND D/A CONVERSION
- 3.3 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
- 3.4 COMPUTABILITY
- Part II Historical Perspective of the Internet of Things
- Chapter 4 50 Years of Networking
- 4.1 THE EARLY INTERNET
- 4.2 WORLD WIDE WEB AND WEB 2.0
- 4.2.1 WorldWideWeb
- 4.2.2 Web 2.0
- 4.3 CONNECTING THINGS
- 4.3.1 Industrial Control Systems
- 4.3.2 The Internet of Things
- Part III Applications of M2M and IoT
- Chapter 5 The Difference Between M2M and IoT
- Chapter 6 Common Themes Around IoT Ecosystems
- 6.1 INDUSTRY
- 6.1.1 Smart Energy
- 6.1.2 Smart Manufacturing
- 6.1.3 Smart Retail
- 6.1.4 Agriculture
- 6.2 CITIES AND MUNICIPALITIES
- 6.2.1 Energy, Gas and Water
- 6.2.2 Environment
- 6.2.3 Traffic
- 6.2.4 Security and Safety
- 6.2.5 Summary
- 6.3 CONNECTED VEHICLE
- 6.3.1 Smart Buildings and Assisted Living
- 6.3.2 Smart Buildings
- 6.3.3 Assisted Living
- Chapter 7 Drivers and Limitations
- 7.1 DRIVERS FOR ADOPTION
- 7.2 LIMITATIONS
- Part IV Architectures of M2M and IoT Solutions
- Chapter 8 Components of M2M and IoT Solutio
- 8.1 OVERVIEW
- 8.2 SENSORS AND ACTUATORS
- 8.3 GATEWAYS AND HUB DEVICES
- 8.4 CLOUD AND DATA PLATFORMS
- Chapter 9 Architectural Considerations
- 9.1 NETWORK TOPOLOGIES
- 9.2 SPATIAL DIMENSIONS OF NETWORKING
- Chapter 10 Common IoT Architectures
- 10.1 MESH NETWORKS
- 10.2 LOCAL GATEWAY
- 10.3 DIRECT CONNECTION
- Chapter 11 Human Interface
- 11.1 USER EXPERIENCE AND INTERFACES
- 11.2 MOBILE PHONES AND END DEVICES
- Part V Hardware
- Chapter 12 Hardware Development
- Chapter 13 Power
- 13.1 CONSTRAINTS OF FIELD-DEPLOYED DEVICES
- 13.2 POWER ADAPTERS
- 13.2.1 Conventional AC/DC Adapters
- 13.2.2 USB
- 13.2.3 PoE
- 13.3 BATTERIES
- 13.3.1 Battery Chemistry
- 13.3.2 Rechargeable Batteries
- 13.3.3 Battery Types and Real-Life Properties
- 13.4 RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
- 13.4.1 Solar Panels
- 13.4.2 Energy Harvesting
- Chapter 14 Actuators
- 14.1 FROM BUZZERS TO SPEAKERS (SOUND)
- 14.2 FROM INDICATOR LIGHTS TO DISPLAYS (LIGHT)
- 14.3 FROM VIBRATION TO ROTATION TO SWITCHING (MOTION)
- 14.3.1 Vibration and Piezoelectric Motors
- 14.3.2 Solenoids and Electromagnetic Motors
- 14.3.3 Relays
- 14.4 OTHER FORMS OF ENERGY
- Chapter 15 Sensors
- 15.1 TIME
- 15.2 LOCATION
- 15.2.1 Global Localization
- 15.2.2 Indoor Localization
- 15.3 PHYSICAL TRIGGERS
- 15.3.1 Position, Motion and Acceleration
- 15.3.2 Force and Pressure
- 15.3.3 Light and Sound
- 15.3.4 Temperature
- 15.3.5 Current
- 15.4 CHEMICAL TRIGGERS
- 15.4.1 Solid Particles
- 15.4.2 Humidity
- 15.4.3 pH and Other Ion-Specific Indicators
- 15.4.4 Alkanes, Alcohols and Amines
- Chapter 16 Embedded Systems
- 16.1 MICROCONTROLLERS
- 16.1.1 Architectures
- 16.1.2 Power Consumption
- 16.1.3 Input-Output Capability
- 16.1.4 Operating Systems and Programming
- Part V IDevice Communication
- Chapter 17 Communication Models
- 17.1 OPEN SYSTEMS INTERCONNECTION REFERENCE MODEL
- 17.1.1 Layer 1: Physical
- 17.1.2 Layer 2: Data Link
- 17.1.3 Layer 3: Network
- 17.1.4 Layer 4: Transport
- 17.1.5 Layers 5 - 7: Session, Presentation, Application
- 17.2 TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL/INTERNET PROTOCOL MODEL
- Chapter 18 Information Encoding and Standard Quantities
- 18.1 CODING SCHEMES
- 18.2 INFORMATION QUANTITIES
- 18.3 INFORMATION ENCODING
- Chapter 19 Industry Standards
- 19.1 HARDWARE INTERFACES
- 19.1.2 Serial/UART
- 19.1.3 Serial Buses
- 19.1.4 Joint Test Action Group
- 19.2 LONGER-RANGE WIRED COMMUNICATIONS
- 19.2.1 Fieldbus Systems
- 19.2.2 Ethernet
- 19.2.3 Powerline
- 19.3 WIRELESS STANDARDS
- 19.3.1 Passive and Near-Field Radio
- 19.3.3 Cellular Data Services
- 19.3.4 Satellite Communication
- Part VII Software
- Chapter 20 Introduction
- 20.1 COMMON ISSUES OF DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS
- 20.1.1 The Fallacies of Distributed Computing
- 20.1.2 Identity and Openness of IoT Systems
- Chapter 21 Embedded Software Development
- 21.1 POWER SAVING AND SLEEP MANAGEMENT
- 21.2 REAL-TIME REQUIREMENTS AND INTERRUPTS
- Chapter 22 Network Protocols: Internet and IoT
- 22.1 NETWORK PROTOCOLS
- 22.2 NETWORK PROTOCOLS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE OSI MODEL
- 22.2.1 Advantages of a Layered Communication Protocol Model
- 22.2.2 Vertical and Horizontal Communication within the OSI Model
- 22.2.3 Data Encapsulation
- 22.2.4 Indirect Connection and Message Routing
- 22.2.5 OSI Layers Revisited
- 22.3 INTERNET PROTOCOL SUITE
- 22.3.1 TCP/IP and the OSI Model
- 22.3.2 Layers of TCP/IP Messaging
- 22.3.4 TCP
- 22.3.5 UDP
- 22.3.6 Ports
- 22.4 HTTP AND HTTP/2
- 22.4.5 HTTP for IoT Communication
- 22.3.1 TCP/IP and the OSI Model
- 22.3.2 Layers of TCP/IP Messaging
- 22.3.3 Internet Protocol
- 22.4 HTTP AND HTTP/2
- 22.5 COAP
- 22.5.1 UDP as Transport Protocol
- 22.5.2 Protocol Features
- 22.5.3 Use Cases
- 22.5.4 CoAP Discovery
- 22.5.5 Comparison to HTTP
- 22.6 XMPP
- 22.6.1 Protocol Features
- 22.6.2 XMPP as an IoT Protocol
- 22.6.3 Use Cases
- 22.7 AMQP
- 22.7.1 Characteristics of AMQP
- 22.7.2 Basic Concepts
- 22.7.3 Protocol Features
- 22.7.4 AMQP for the Internet of Things
- 22.7.6 Use Cases
- 22.8 MQTT
- 22.8.1 Publish/Subscribe
- 22.8.2 Protocol Characteristics
- 22.8.3 Features
- 22.8.4 Use Cases
- 22.9 OTHER PROTOCOLS
- 22.10 CHOOSING AN IOT PROTOCOL
- Chapter 23 Backend Software
- 23.1 IOT PLATFORM SERVICES
- 23.2 FUNCTIONS OF AN IOT BACKEND
- 23.2.1 Message Handling
- 23.2.2 Storage
- Chapter 24 Data Analytics
- 24.1 WHY, WHEN AND WHERE OF IOT ANALYTICS
- 24.2 EXEMPLARY METHODS FOR DATA ANALYTICS
- 24.2.1 Exemplary Methods for Edge Processing
- 24.2.2 Exemplary Methods for Stream Processing
- 24.2.3 Exemplary Methods for Batch Processing
- Chapter 25 Conceptual Interoperability
- 25.1 DEVICE CATALOGS AND INFORMATION MODELS
- 25.2 ONTOLOGIES
- 25.2.1 Structure and Reasoning
- 25.2.2 Building and Annotation
- Part VIII Security
- Chapter 26 Security and the Internet of Things
- 26.1 BOUNDARIES
- 26.2 OTHER ATTACKS
- 26.3 THE FUNDAMENTALS OF SECURITY
- 26.3.1 Confidentiality
- 26.3.2 Integrity
- 26.3.3 Availability
- 26.3.4 CIA+
- 26.3.5 Authentication
- 26.4 ACCESS CONTROL
- 26.5 NON-REPUDIATION
- Chapter 27 A Beginner's Guide to Encryption
- 27.1 SHARED KEY ENCRYPTION
- 27.2 PUBLIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY
- 27.2.1 Prime Numbers and Elliptic Curves
- 27.2.2 Man-in-the-Middle Attacks
- 27.2.3 Certificates and Certificate Authorities
- 27.2.4 Transport Layer Security
- 27.2.5 An Example TLS Handshake
- 27.2.6 Datagram Transport Layer Security
- 27.3 CRYPTOGRAPHY ON SMALL DEVICES
- Chapter 28 Threats, Challenges, and Concerns for IoT Security and Privacy
- 28.1 A1: DEVICE CONFIDENTIALITY
- 28.2 B1: NETWORK CONFIDENTIALITY
- 28.3 C1: CLOUD/SERVER CONFIDENTIALITY
- 28.4 A2: HARDWARE INTEGRITY
- 28.5 B2: NETWORK INTEGRITY
- 28.6 C2: CLOUD/SERVER INTEGRITY
- 28.7 A3: DEVICE AVAILABILITY
- 28.8 B3: NETWORK AVAILABILITY
- 28.9 C3: CLOUD/SERVER AVAILABILITY
- 28.10 A4: DEVICE AUTHENTICATION
- 28.11 B4: NETWORK AUTHENTICATION
- 28.12 C4: CLOUD/SERVER AUTHENTICATION
- 28.13 A5: DEVICE ACCESS CONTROL
- 28.14 B5: NETWORK ACCESS CONTROL
- 28.15 C5: CLOUD/SERVER ACCESS CONTROL
- 28.16 A6: DEVICE NON-REPUDIATION
- 28.17 B6: NETWORK NON-REPUDIATION
- 28.18 C6: CLOUD/SERVER NON-REPUDIATION
- 28.19 SUMMARY OF THE THREAT MATRIX
- Chapter 29 Building Secure IoT Systems
- 29.1 HOW TO DO BETTER
- 29.1.1 Device Registration
- 29.1.2 Device Identity System
- 29.1.3 Personal Cloud Middleware
- 29.1.4 Pseudonymous Data Sharing
- 29.2 CONCLUSIONS
- 29.3 PRINCIPLES OF IOT SECURITY
- About the Authors
- Index
