
Introduction To Electronic Warfare Modeling And Simulation
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Content
- Intro
- Contents
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1 Simulation
- 1.1.1 Simulation in the EW Field
- 1.1.2 Modeling
- 1.2 EW Simulation Approaches
- 1.2.1 Modeling
- 1.2.2 Simulation
- 1.2.3 Emulation
- 1.3 Simulation for Training
- 1.4 Simulation for T&E
- 1.5 Electronic Point of View
- 1.6 Fidelity in EW Simulation
- 1.7 The Tactical Big Picture
- 1.8 Simulation Versus Life Cycle
- 2. Overview of EW
- 2.1 Radar
- 2.1.1 Basic Radar Functions
- 2.1.2 Radar Modulations
- 2.1.3 Radar Cross Section
- 2.1.4 Radar Performance
- 2.1.5 Types of Radars
- 2.1.6 Missle Guidance Techniques
- 2.1.7 Reference for Further Study
- 2.2 Communication
- 2.2.1 Tactical Communication
- 2.2.2 Data Links
- 2.2.3 Communication Bands
- 2.2.4 Communication Modulations
- 2.3 Electronic Support
- 2.3.1 Radar Warning Receivers
- 2.3.2 Shipboard ESM Systems
- 2.3.3 Battlefeild Surveillance Systems
- 2.4 Electronic Attack
- 2.4.1 Jamming
- 2.4.2 Communications Jamming
- 2.4.3 Radar Jamming
- 2.4.4 Standoff Jamming
- 2.4.5 Self-protection Jamming
- 2.4.6 Cover Jamming
- 2.4.7 Deceptive Jamming
- 2.4.8 Deceptive Communications Jamming
- 2.4.9 Directed-Energy Weapons
- 2.4.10 Antiradiation Missles
- 2.4.11 Infrared Countermeasures
- 2.4.12 Chaff
- 2.5 Decoys
- 2.6 Electronic Protection
- 3. Math for Simulation
- 3.1 About dB
- 3.1.1 Conversion to dB Form
- 3.1.2 Absolute Values in dB Form
- 3.1.3 dB Forms of Equations
- 3.1.4 Quick Conversions to dB Values
- 3.2 Spherical Trigonometry
- 3.2.1 The Spherical Triangle
- 3.2.2 Trigonometric Relationships in the Spherical Triangle
- 3.2.3 The Right Spherical Triangle
- 3.2.4 EW Applicatons of Spherical Trigonometry
- 3.3 The Poisson Theorem
- 3.4 Digitization
- 4. Radio Propagation
- 4.1 One-Way Link Equation
- 4.2 Propagation Losses
- 4.2.1 Spreading Loss
- 4.2.2 Atmospheric Loss
- 4.2.3 Rain Loss
- 4.3 Receiver Sensitivity
- 4.4 Effective Range
- 4.5 Radar Range Equation
- 4.6 Range Limitation from Modulation
- 4.7 Radar Detection Range
- 4.8 Jamming-to-signal Ratio
- 4.8.1 Communication Jamming
- 4.8.2 Standoff Jamming of a Radar
- 4.8.3 Self-protection Jamming
- 5. Characterization of EW Equipment
- 5.1 Antennas
- 5.1.1 Antenna Pattern Definitions
- 5.1.2 Polarization
- 5.1.3 Types of Antennas
- 5.1.4 Relationship Between Antenna Gain and Beam Width
- 5.1.5 Determining Antenna Size
- 5.1.6 Modeling of Antenna Performance
- 5.2 Transmitters
- 5.3 Receivers
- 5.3.1 Types of Receivers
- 5.3.2 Receiver Subsystems
- 5.4 Processors
- 5.4.1 Signal Identification
- 5.4.2 Operator Interfaces
- 5.5 Emitter Location
- 5.5.1 Basic Emiter-Location Approaches
- 5.5.2 Narrow-Beam Antenna
- 5.5.3 RWR Amplitude Comparison
- 5.5.4 Watson-Watt
- 5.5.5 Doppler
- 5.5.6 Interferometer
- 5.5.7 Time Difference of Arrival
- 5.5.8 Frequency Difference of Arrival
- 6. Threat Modeling
- 6.1 Modes of Operation
- 6.1.1 Ground-Based Weapons
- 6.1.2 Track-While-Scan Threat
- 6.1.3 Antiship Missles
- 6.1.4 Air-to-Air Threats
- 6.2 Modulations
- 6.2.1 Pulsed Signals
- 6.2.2 Continuous Signals
- 6.3 Antenna Characteristics
- 6.3.1 Communication Threat Antennas
- 6.3.2 Radar Antennas
- 6.3.3 Circular Scan
- 6.3.4 Sector Scan
- 6.3.5 Helical Scan
- 6.3.6 Raster Scan
- 6.3.7 Conical Scan
- 6.3.8 Spiral Scan
- 6.3.9 Palmer Scan
- 6.3.10 Palmer Raster Scan
- 6.3.11 Lobe Switching
- 6.3.12 Lobe on Receive Only
- 6.3.13 Phased Array
- 6.3.14 Electronic-Elevation Scan with Mechanical-Azimuth Scan
- 6.4 Signals Leaving Transmitter Site
- 6.5 Signals Arriving at Receiving Site
- 7. Engagement Modeling
- 7.1 Gaming Area
- 7.2 Players
- 7.3 Location and Movement of Players
- 7.4 Point of View
- 7.5 Engagement Fidelity
- 7.6 Electronic Interactions Between Players
- 7.7 Running the Engagement
- 7.8 Aircraft in Hostile Airspace
- 7.9 Ship Attacked by Anitship Missle
- 8. Simulation for Training
- 8.1 Approaches to Training Simulation
- 8.1.1 Simulation Versus Emulation
- 8.1.2 Realistic Pannels
- 8.1.3 Depicted Controls and Displays
- 8.2 Training Simulation Function
- 8.3 Required Fidelity
- 8.3.1 Display-Time Fidelity
- 8.3.2 Control-Time Fidelity
- 8.3.3 Perceived Location Fidelity
- 9. Simulation for Test and Evaluation
- 10. Emulation
- 10.1 Emulation Generation
- 10.2 Emulation Injection Points
- 10.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Injection Points
- 10.4 Emulation of the Receiving System
- 10.4.1 Receiving-Antenna Emulation
- 10.4.2 Receiver Emulation
- 10.4.3 Processor Emulation
- 10.5 Multiple-Signal Emulation
- 10.5.1 Parallel Generators
- 10.5.2 Time-Shared Generators
- 10.5.3 Approach Selection
- Glossary
- About the Author
- Index
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