Geotechnical Methods in Geophysical Exploration

Part 1 Electrical methods in geophysics: in the beginning; the mind set; and the future. Part 2 General concepts of electromagnetic field behaviour: Maxwell's equations; diffusing electromagnetic fields; static electromagnetic fields; quasi-stationary electromagnetic fields. Part 3 Properties of rocks and minerals: properties and units; properties in a parametric sense; properties in an existential sense; geoelectrical mesostructures and megastructures; electrical properties of the atmosphere and the ocean. Part 4 Electromagnetic environment of planet Earth: Earth currents of external origin; industrial noise; atmospheric electric sources; mechanically generated electric fields; extraneous sources of electric fields; electromagnetic fields generated by the oceans. Part 5 Direct current and induced polarization methods: point and dipole sources on a uniform Earth; electric fields in one-dimensional Earth structures; fields of a point source for two- and three-dimensional structures; vertical electric sounding and apparent resistivity; induced polarization; magnetic field measurements. Part 6 Natural-field electromagnetic methods: the Tikhonov-Cagniard approach; linearity of relationships between components of the magnetotelluric field; electromagnetic fields in a horizontally homogenous medius; electromagnetic fields in horizontally inhomogeneous media; magnetotelluric and magnetovariational survey methods; data reduction; interpretation of MT data; interpretation of MVP and GDS data. Part 7 Controlled source electromagnetic methods: principles of controlled source electromagnetic methods; electromagnetic sounding; electromagnetic profiling. Part 8 Modelling and simulation: exact analytical solutions for special cases; thin sheet models; the integral equation method; finite difference modelling; finite element method; physical and analog modelling; other approaches to modelling. Part 9 Insensitivity and ambiguity: insensitivity for a laterally uniform Earth; ambiguity for a laterally uniform Earth. Part 10 Practical aspects of data acquisition: sources; detection of electric and magnetic fields; sampling; filtering; survey design. Part 11 Interpretation: rules, intuition and pragmatic interpretation; pseudo-inversion of soundings by transformation; inversion; continuation of electromagnetic fields; electromagnetic migration; comprehensive three-dimensional interpretation. Part 12 Other platforms, other methodologies: airborne electromagnetic (AEM) methods; marine electrical surveys; bore hole assisted methods; spontaneous polarization (SP) method; ground penetrating radar (GPR); the piezoelectric method (PEP). Part 13 A baker's dozen of case histories: minerals exploration - Que River Deposit, Tasmania, Australia; physical volcanology - Oshima volcano, Japan; groundwater exploration - Apodi Valley, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. (Part Contents).