Principles of Research in Behavioral Science

1. THE SCIENCE OF PSYCHOLOGY: THEORY, RESEARCH, AND APPLICATION Science / Theories / Research / Theory, Research, and Application2. RESEARCH STRATEGIES: AN OVERVIEW Purposes of Research / Quantitative and Qualitative Research / Research Strategies / Time Perspectives: Short-Term versus Long-Term / Research Settings: Laboratory versus Field / Research as a Set of Tradeoffs3. THE ETHICAL TREATMENT OF RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS Responsibility for Ethical Research / Ethical Considerations in Planning Research / Ethical Considerations During Data Collection / Ethical Considerations Following Data Collection4. FORMULATING A RESEARCH QUESTION Formulating Research Hypotheses / Replication Research / Designing Research for Utilization / Bias in the Formulation of Research Questions5. DEVELOPING A MEASUREMENT STRATEGY Reliability and Validity / Modalities of Measurement / Evaluating and Selecting Measures 6. THE INTERNAL VALIDITY OF RESEARCH Confounds / Threats to Internal Validity / Reactivity / Demand Characteristics / Experimenter Expectancies7. THE EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH STRATEGY A Note on Statistics / Manipulating the Independent Variable / Controlling Extraneous Variance / Multiple-Group Designs / Factorial Designs8. THE CORRELATIONAL (PASSIVE) RESEARCH STRATEGY The Nature of Correlational Research / Simple and Partial Correlation Analysis / Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA) / Some Other Correlational Techniques / Testing Mediational Hypotheses / Factor Analysis9. THE SINGLE-CASE RESEARCH STRATEGY The Role of Single-Case Research in Psychology / Validity Criteria in Single-Case Research / Case Study Research / Single-Case Experiments / Data Analysis in Single-Case Research10. RESEARCH IN NATURAL SETTINGS The Problem of Control in Natural Settings / Field Experiments / Natural Experiments and Quasi-Experiments / Naturalistic Observation / Interviews / Archival Data / Coding Open-Ended Data11. SURVEY RESEARCH Asking Questions / Obtaining Answers / Multi-Item Scales / Response Biases / Questionnaire Design / Questionnaire Administration / Survey Data Archives12. DATA COLLECTION Research Participants / Research Procedures / Using the Internet to Collect Data13. INTERPRETING RESEARCH RESULTS Describing Results / Interpreting the Results / Fitting Results into the Big Picture14. THE EXTERNAL VALIDITY OF RESEARCH The Concept of External Validity / The Structural Component of External Validity / The Functional and Conceptual Components of External Validity / Assessing External Validity / Laboratory Research, Natural-Setting Research, and External Validity15. EVALUATION RESEARCH Goal Definition / Program Monitoring / Impact Assessment / Efficiency Analysis / Information Utilization / Measuring Change16. INTEGRATIVE LITERATURE REVIEWING Defining the Research Question / Data Collection / Data Evaluation / Data Analysis / Data Interpretation / A Sample Meta-Analysis17. WRITING RESEARCH REPORTS The Research Report / Journal Articles and Convention Presentations / Ethical Issues in Publication18. THE PROFESSIONAL AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF SCIENTISTS Malpractice in Research / Mistakes and Error in Research / Using the Results of Research / Research and the Common Good