Optics

Part 1 Waves, rays and particles: the electromagnetic spectrum; power and energy; the complex exponential notation and the complex amplitude; sources and detectors; monochromatic and polychromatic fields; the speed of light. Part 2 Geometrical optics: the use; rays, wavefronts, reflection and refraction; optical images with a thin lens; multi-element lenses; paraxial raytracing; the Lagrange invariant and the power of transmitted by an optical system; the relation between the two focal lengths; non-paraxial optics; afocal systems. Part 3 Propagation of waves - interference and diffraction: interference of two beams and extended and polychromatic light sources; diffraction in the far and near field; interference, diffraction and the photon picture. Part 4: Polarization. Part 5 Image-forming instruments: instrument design; telescopes; the human eye; the microscope; images of extended objects. Part 6 Interferometres and spectroscopes: Young's experiment - spatial coherence; Michelson's interferometer - temporal coherence; prisms and gratings as dispersing elements; dispersion, resolution and light-gathering power of prisms and gratings; multiple beam interference; thin film interference devices. Part 7 Laser light: laser beams; coherent light speckle; holography; hologram interferometry; holographic diffraction gratings; spatial filtering. Part 8 Optical light guides: the acceptance angle of a light guide; graded index guides; light guides for image transport andd communication. Part 9 Detection and measurement of light: light intensity and other measures; noise in the measurement of light; sensitivity of detectors; linearity, saturation adn dynamic range; frequency response and bandwidth; the optical system and the detector.