Reconstructive Facial Plastic Surgery

1 Anatomy of the Skin and Skin Flaps The Skin Types of Skin Flaps Random Pattern Flaps Axial Pattern Flaps Island Flaps Myocutaneous Island Flaps Neurovascular Island Flaps 2 Basic Principles of Facial Surgery Suture Materials and Techniques Instruments and Accessories Wound Management, Repair of Small Defects, and Scar Revision Relaxed Skin Tension Lines Vascular Supply and "Esthetic Units" Wound Management and Scar Revision Management of Wounds with Traumatic Tattooing Scar Revision by W-Plasty and Webster's Broken-Line Technique Small Excisions Z-Plasty Postoperative Treatment of Scars Esthetic Units Tumor Resection with Histologic Control Free Skin Grafts Composite Grafts Graft Nomenclature 3 Coverage of Defects Local Flaps Advancement Flaps Advancement Flap of Burow (1855) U-Advancement of Burow V-Y and V-Y-S Advancement of Aragmaso (1974) Flaps without Continuous Epithelial Coverage (Rettinger 1996) Sliding Flap Myomucosal Sliding Flap Pedicled Flaps Transposition Flap Rotation Flap Bilobed Flap Rhomboid Flap Turnover Flap Tubed Pedicle Flap Distant Flaps Distant Tubed Pedicle Flap Special Part Coverage of Defects in Specific Facial Regions 4 Forehead Region Median Forehead Region Wedge-Shaped Defects H-Flap Double Rotation Flap Lateral Forehead Defects Forehead Rotation 5 Nasal Region The Glabella and Nasal Root U-Advancement Flap of Burow V-Y Advancement Sliding Flap The Nasal Dorsum Bilobed Flap Island Flap Rieger Flap Nasolabial Flap Cheek Flap The Nasal Tip Bilobed Flap V-Y Advancement of Rieger (1957) Median Forehead Flap Larger Defects of the Nasal Tip and Ala Frontotemporal Flap of Schmid and Meyer The Nasal Flank Flap Advancement of Burow (1855) Median Cheek Rotation of Sercer (1962) Burow's Laterally Based Cheek Advancement Flap Imre's Cheek Rotation (1928) Cheek U-Flap Island Flap Sliding Flap The Nasal Ala Full-Thickness Reconstructions Z-Plasty of Denonvilliers and Joseph (1931) Anteriorly Based Alar Rotation (Weerda 1984) Modification of the Anteriorly Based Alar Rotation Coverage with a Transposition Flap Lowering the Alar Rim with a Full- Thickness Bipedicle Flap and Composite Graft Turnover Flap and Composite Graft Converting a Peripheral to a Central Defect (Haas 1991) and Reconstructing the Alar Rim with a Transposition Flap Wedge-Shaped Defect in the Alar Rim Nelaton Flap (Nasolabial Flap) Sliding Flap of Barron et al. (1965) and Lejour (1972) from the Nasolabial Fold In-and-Out Flap of Peers (1967) Median Forehead Flap Bilobed Flap from the Cheek (Weerda 1983) The Columella Nelaton Flap Frontotemporal Flap of Schmid and Meyer (1964) Composite Graft Partial and Total Nasal Reconstruction Converse Scalping Flap (Forehead-Scalp Flap) Total Nasal Reconstruction with the Sickle Flap (Farrior 1974) Median Forehead Flap with Soft-Tissue Expansion Nasal Reconstruction with Distant Flaps Perforations of the Septum Small Perforations Large Defects Oral Mucosal Flap of Meyer (1988) Nasolabial Flap of Tipton (1975) Bipedicled Flap of Schultz-Coulon (1989)