The Respiratory System at a Glance

Preface to third edition 6 Units and symbols 7 List of abbreviations 8 Structure and function 1 Structure of the respiratory system: lungs, airways and dead space 10 2 The thoracic cage and respiratory muscles 12 3 Pressures and volumes during normal breathing 14 4 Gas laws 16 5 Diffusion 18 6 Lung mechanics: elastic forces 20 7 Lung mechanics: airway resistance 22 8 Carriage of oxygen 24 9 Carriage of carbon dioxide 26 10 Control of acid-base balance 28 11 Control of breathing I: chemical mechanisms 30 12 Control of breathing II: neural mechanisms 32 13 Pulmonary circulation and anatomical right-to-left shunts 34 14 Ventilation-perfusion mismatching 36 15 Exercise, altitude and diving 38 16 Development of the respiratory system and birth 40 17 Complications of development and congenital disease 42 18 Lung defence mechanisms and immunology 44 History, examination and investigation 19 History and examination 46 20 Pulmonary function tests 48 21 Chest imaging and bronchoscopy 50 Diseases and treatment 22 Public health and smoking 52 23 Respiratory failure 54 24 Asthma: pathophysiology 56 25 Asthma: treatment 58 26 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 60 27 Pulmonary hypertension 62 28 Venous thromboembolism and pulmonary embolism 64 29 Pulmonary vasculitis 66 30 Diffuse parenchymal (interstitial) lung diseases 68 31 Sarcoidosis 70 32 Pleural diseases 72 33 Occupational and environmental-related lung disease 74 34 Cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis 76 35 Pneumothorax 78 36 Community-acquired pneumonia 80 37 Hospital-acquired (nosocomial) pneumonia 82 38 Pulmonary tuberculosis 84 39 The immunocompromised host 86 40 Lung cancer 88 41 Acute respiratory distress syndrome 90 42 Mechanical ventilation 92 43 Oxygenation and oxygen therapy 94 44 Sleep apnoea 96 Cases and self assessment Case studies: questions 98 Case studies: answers 101 Self-assessment questions 107 Self-assessment answers 118 Index 119