Ecological Systems of the Geobiosphere

1: Zonobiome VI: The Temperate Nemoral Zones of Europe.- 1.0 Introduction.- 1.1 Climate.- 1.2 The Soils.- 1.3 The Producers.- 1.4 Consumers.- 1.5 The Decomposers.- 1.6 Ecological Investigations and Ecosystem Research.- 1.7 Subdivision of Zonobiome VI in Europe.- 1.8 Orobiome VI: the Northern Edge of the Alps.- 1.9 Pedobiomes of ZB VI.- 1.10 Zonoecotones.- 2: Subzonobiome VII of the Semi-Arid Steppes of Eurasia.- 2.0.1 General Introductory Remarks on Zonobiome VII.- 2.0.2 The Forest Steppe as Transitional Zone (Zonoecotone VI/VII)..- 2.1 The Climate.- 2.2 The Soils.- 2.3 The Producers.- 2.4 The Consumers.- 2.5 The Decomposers.- 2.6 Steppe Ecosystems.- 2.7 Subdivision of Steppes into Subzonobiomes and Biomes.- 2.8 The Orobiomes of the Steppe Zone.- 2.9 Pedobiomes of the Steppe Zone.- 2.10 Zonoecotone VII/VIII in Siberia.- 3: Subzonobiome VIIa of the Arid Semi-Desert in the Caspian Lowland.- 3.0 General.- 3.1 The Climate.- 3.2 The Soils.- 3.3 The Producers.- 4: Subzonobiome VIIa of the Arid Semi-Deserts and Deserts of Kazakhstan.- 4.0 General.- 4.1 The Climate.- 4.2 The Soils.- 4.3 The Producers.- 4.4 The Consumers.- 4.5 The Decomposers.- 4.6 Ecosystem Research.- 4.7 Subdivision of the Kazakhian Semi-Desert into Biomes.- 4.8 Orobiomes.- 4.9 Pedobiomes.- 5: Subzonobiome VII (rIII) of the Extremely Arid Deserts of Middle Asia: the Biome Group Middle Asia.- 5.0 General.- 5.1 The Climate.- 5.2 The Soils.- 5.3 The Producers.- 5.4 The Consumers.- 5.5 The Decomposers.- 5.6 Quantitative Ecosystem Research.- 5.7 Subdivision of Middle Asia into Biomes.- 5.8 Orobiome VII (rIII) of Middle Asia.- 5.9 Pedobiomes: Amphibiomes of the Floodplains of the Amu-Darya..- 5.10 Zonoecotone to the Deserts of Central Asia.- 6: Extremely Arid Subzonobiome VII (rIII) of the Central Asian Deserts.- 6.0 General.- 6.1 Transitional Region to Outer Mongolia (excluding the Gobi Desert).- 6.2 The Gobi Desert.- 6.3 The Pei Shan Desert.- 6.4 The Tarim Basin with the Takla Makan Desert.- 6.5 Kansu or Hessi Corridor.- 6.6 The Ala Shan Desert.- 6.7 The Ordos Desert.- 6.8 The Tsaidam Basin (Transitional to the Cold Plateaux).- 7: Extremely Cold-Arid Subzonobiome VII (tIX) of the Cold and High Plateau Deserts of Central Asia.- 7.0 General Situation of the Cold Deserts of the High Mountain Plateaux of Asia.- 7.1 The High Plateau of Tibet.- 7.2 The Pamirs - an Ecologically Well-Studied High-Mountain-Desert.- 8: Zonobiome VIII of the Boreal Conifer Zone (Taiga) of Euro-Siberia.- 8.0 Introduction.- 8.1 The Climate (Subzonobiomes).- 8.2 Zonal Soils.- 8.3 The Producers.- 8.4 The Consumers.- 8.5 The Decomposers.- 8.6 Ecosystems of Zonobiome VIII.- 8.7 Subdivision of Zonobiome VIII.- 8.8 The Orobiome of Zonobiome VIII.- 8.9 Pedobiomes of Zonobiome VIII.- 8.10. Zonoecotone VIII/IX: the Forest Tundra.- 9: Zonobiome IX: The Arctic Tundra of Eurasia.- 9.1 Climate.- 9.2 The Soils.- 9.3 The Producers.- 9.4 The Consumers.- 9.5 The Decomposers.- 9.6 Ecosystem Research.- 9.7 The Subdivision of the Arctic ZB IX.- 9.8 Orobiomes IX of the Tundra Region.- 9.9 Arctic Pedobiomes.- 9.10. The Zonoecotone of Perpetual Snow Patches.- 10: Interzonal and Multizonal Orobiomes of Euro-Siberia.- 10.0 General.- 10.1 The Crimean Mountains.- 10.2 The Ural Mountains.- 10.3 The Altai Mountains.- 10.4 The Caucasian Mountains.- References.