Ecological Systems of the Geobiosphere

1 Introduction.- 2 The Geobiosphere in the Geological Past.- 3 Ecological Zonation of the Geobiosphere.- 4 Terrestrial Ecosystems and Their Special Features.- 5 The Fundamental Requirements for Active Living Processes: Temperature and Hydrature, Their Absolute Limits.- 6 Ecological Aspects of Assimilation and Primary Production in Humid and Arid Areas.- 7 The Competitive Factor and Root Competition.- 8 Succession-Climax-Zonal Vegetation.- 9 The Law of Relative Constancy of Habitat-Ecotypes and Ecoclines.- 10 Example of a Vegetation Mosaic in the Tropics: Venezuela.- References.