Wireless Communications

Preface xi List of Acronyms xiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Structure of a Digital Communication System 3 1.2 Plan of the Book 7 1.3 Further Reading 8 Part I MODULATION AND DETECTION 2 Wireless Channels 11 2.1 Introduction 11 2.2 Mathematical Description of SISO Wireless Channels 16 2.3 Mathematical Description and Modeling of MIMO Wireless Channels 44 2.4 Historical Notes 57 2.5 Further Reading 64 3 Digital Modulation Techniques 65 3.1 Introduction 65 3.2 General Structure of a Digital Modulator 65 3.3 Representation of Digital Modulated Waveforms on an Orthonormal Basis 68 3.4 Bandwidth of Digital Modulations 70 3.5 Passband PAM 74 3.6 Continuous Phase Modulation 86 3.7 OFDM 116 3.8 Lattice-Based Multidimensional Modulations 137 3.9 Spectral Properties of a Digital Modulation at the Output of a Wireless Channel 146 3.10 Historical Notes 149 3.11 Further Reading 154 4 Detection of Digital Signals over Wireless Channels: Decision Rules 155 4.1 Introduction 155 4.2 Wireless Digital Communication Systems: Modeling, Receiver Architecture and Discretization of the Received Signal 156 4.3 Optimum Detection in a Vector Communication System 159 4.4 Mathematical Models for the Receiver Vector 168 4.5 Decision Strategies in the Presence of Channel Parameters: Optimal Metrics and Performance Bounds 188 4.6 Expectation-Maximization Techniques for Data Detection 207 4.7 Historical Notes 214 4.8 Further Reading 216 5 Data-Aided Algorithms for Channel Estimation 217 5.1 Channel Estimation Techniques 218 5.2 Cram´er-Rao Bounds for Data-Aided Channel Estimation 228 5.3 Data-Aided CIR Estimation Algorithms in PATs 235 5.4 Extensions to MIMO Channels 244 5.5 Historical Notes 245 5.6 Further Reading 247 6 Detection of Digital Signals over Wireless Channels: Channel Equalization Algorithms 249 6.1 Introduction 249 6.2 Channel Equalization of Single-Carrier Modulations: Known CIR 250 6.3 Channel Equalization of Multicarrier Modulations: Known CIR 286 6.4 Channel Equalization of Single Carrier Modulations: Statistically Known CIR 292 6.5 Channel Equalization of Multicarrier Modulations: Statistically Known CIR 301 6.6 Joint Channel and Data Estimation: Single-Carrier Modulations 302 6.7 Joint Channel and Data Estimation: Multicarrier Modulations 307 6.8 Extensions to the MIMO Systems 311 6.9 Historical Notes 315 6.10 Further Reading 319 Part II INFORMATION THEORY AND CODING SCHEMES 7 Elements of Information Theory 323 7.1 Introduction 323 7.2 Capacity for Discrete Sources and Channels 323 7.3 Capacity of MIMO Fading Channels 330 7.4 Historical Notes 337 7.5 Further Reading 338 8 An Introduction to Channel Coding Techniques 339 8.1 Basic Principles 339 8.2 Interleaving 341 8.3 Taxonomy of Channel Codes 343 8.4 Taxonomy of Coded Modulations 344 8.5 Organization of the Following Chapters 346 8.6 Historical Notes 346 8.7 Further Reading 347 9 Classical Coding Schemes 349 9.1 Block Codes 349 9.2 Convolutional Codes 390 9.3 Classical Concatenated Coding 432 9.4 Historical Notes 435 9.5 Further Reading 439 10 Modern Coding Schemes 441 10.1 Introduction 441 10.2 Concatenated Convolutional Codes 442 10.3 Concatenated Block Codes 445 10.4 Other Modern Concatenated Coding Schemes 446 10.5 Iterative Decoding Techniques for Concatenated Codes 448 10.6 Low-Density Parity Check Codes 468 10.7 Decoding Techniques for LDPC Codes 478 10.8 Codes on Graphs 494 10.9 Historical Notes 501 10.10 Further Reading 503 11 Signal Space Codes 505 11.1 Introduction 505 11.2 Trellis Coding with Expanded Signal Sets 505 11.3 Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation 520 11.4 Modulation Codes Based on Multilevel Coding 524 11.5 Space-Time Coding 531 11.6 Historical Notes 565 11.7 Further Reading 566 12 Combined Equalization and Decoding 567 12.1 Introduction 567 12.2 Noniterative Techniques 568 12.3 Algorithms for Combined Equalization and Decoding 571 12.4 Extension to MIMO 586 12.5 Historical Notes 588 12.6 Further Reading 590 Appendix A Fourier Transforms 591 Appendix B Power Spectral Density of Random Processes 593 B.1 Power Spectral Density of a Wide-Sense Stationary Random Process 593 B.2 Power Spectral Density of a Wide-Sense Cyclostationary Random Process 594 B.3 Power Spectral Density of a Bandpass Random Process 595 Appendix C Matrix Theory 597 Appendix D Signal Spaces 601 D.1 Representation of Deterministic Signals 601 D.2 Representation of Random Signals via Orthonormal Bases 606 Appendix E Groups, Finite Fields and Vector Spaces 609 E.1 Groups 609 E.2 Fields 611 E.3 Vector Spaces 622 Appendix F Error Function and Related Functions 625 References 629 Index 713