The 68000 Microprocessor
1st Edition
Published in April 1988
Book
Hardback
XIV, 328 pages
978-0-442-28842-6 (ISBN)
Description
The Motorola MC68000 family of microprocessors is undoubtedly a revolu tionary set of devices. The MC68000 is the first advanced 16-bit microprocessor with a 32-bit internal architecture and the first with 16-megabyte, nonsegment ed, direct memory addressing. The processor's six basic addressing modes are equivalent to 14, when one considers all of the variations among these modes. Combined with the device's data and instruction types, the modes provide more than 1000 useful instructions. The book you are about to study has been developed as an aid to the hard ware designer and as a supplement to the Motorola seminars on the 68000 microprocessor. The text includes a detailed description of the MC68000 and two complete systems that show how this processor can be interfaced to the outside world. The book follows a "top-down" approach. A brief history of microprocessors is provided first. Chapter 2 details the MC68000 by describing its registers, control lines, and capabilities. Chapter 3 introduces a small MC68000-based system. Although this system is characterized in the book as hypothetical, it is indeed the Educational Computer Board, used in the various Motorola seminars. The addressing modes and instructions are explained in Chapter 4, which includes helpful hints on how instructions can be used. Chapter 5 provides an in-depth description of additional instructions and numerous examples. Chapter 6 discusses exception handling and interrupts.
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Content
1. Basic Concepts.- Brief History of Microprocessors.- Design of a Microprocessor.- Design Considerations.- Registers.- Addressing Modes.- Prefetch.- Multiple Arithmetic-Logic Unit.- Microprogramming.- Peripheral Devices.- Data Representation.- Terminology.- Data Types.- 2. Introduction to the MC68000.- General Layout.- Data Bus.- Address Bus.- Asynchronous Bus Control.- Function Control.- Synchronous Bus Control.- System Control.- Direct Memory Access Control.- Interrupt Control.- Registers.- Data Registers.- Address Registers.- Program Counter.- Status Register.- 3. A Small MC68000 System.- Block Diagram and Memory Map.- Block Diagram.- Memory Map.- Buses.- Address Multiplexing.- Reset/Halt and System Clock.- Reset/Halt Circuit.- System Clock.- Timing.- Bus Timeout Logic.- Design of Ram and Rom Interface.- ROM Circuit.- RAM Circuit.- 4. Addressing Modes; Instruction Set.- Addressing Modes.- Memory Accessing Rules.- Effective Address and Extension Word.- Register Direct Modes.- General.- Data Register Direct.- Address Register Direct.- Memory Address Modes.- General.- Address Register Indirect.- Address Register Indirect with Postincrement.- Address Register Indirect with Predecrement.- Address Register Indirect with Displacement.- Address Register Indirect with Index and Displacement.- Special Address Modes.- Absolute Short.- Absolute Long.- Immediate Mode.- Program Control Modes.- General.- Program Counter with Displacement.- Program Counter with Index.- Inherent Mode.- Summary.- Instructions.- 5. Instruction Set - A More Intensive Evaluation.- Data Manipulation Instructions.- Arithmetic Operations.- Logical and Shifting Instructions.- Logical Instructions.- Shifting Instructions.- Bit Manipulation Instructions.- Data Movement Instructions.- Program Control Instructions.- Unconditional Branch.- Conditional Branch.- Position Independence Instructions.- High-Level Language AIDS.- Programming Hints.- 6. Exception Handling.- General.- Interrupts.- 7. Peripheral Devices.- Memory Mapping of I/O Space.- MC6850 Acia.- Memory Mapping of ACIA.- Generating Interrupt Request Signals.- Parallel Interface/Timer.- Designing The Printer Interface.- Programming The Interface.- Design of the Cassette Interface.- Chapters 8. Another 68000-Based System.- Hardware Description.- The Operating System Monitor.- Monitor Commands.- The "b" Command: Set/Remove Breakpoints.- The "c" Command: Copy Memory Blocks.- The "d" Command: Display Data to Terminal.- The "e" Command: Enter Terminal Emulator Mode.- The "g" Command: Execute A User Program.- The "l" Command: Load Program From Host (S-Format).- The "m" Command: Examine/Modify Memory.- The "p" Command: Load/Execute a Prototype Command.- The "r" Command: Examine/Modify Registers.- The "s" Command: Single-Step Mode.- The "t" Command: Trace Program Execution.- Traps.- Exception Processing.- The Monitor.- Appendix A. S-Record Output Format.- Appendix B. Instruction Set Details.- Appendix C. Instruction Format Summary.- Appendix D. MC68000 Instruction Execution Times.- Appendix E. MC68000 Instruction Execution Times.