Principles of Analytical Chemistry

1 Introduction to Analytical Chemistry.- 1.1 Analytical Chemistry Today.- 1.2 Analytical Chemical Information.- 1.3 Analytical Chemical References.- 1.4 Essential Features of Analytical Chemistry.- 1.5 Evolution of Analytical Chemistry.- 1.6 Conceptual and Technical Hierarchies.- 1.7 Classifications.- Questions.- Seminars.- Suggested Readings.- 2 Analytical Properties.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 The Chemical Metrological Hierarchy: Uncertainty and Trueness.- 2.3 Errors in Analytical Chemistry.- 2.4 Capital Analytical Properties.- 2.5 Basic Analytical Properties.- 2.6 Accessory Analytical Properties.- 2.7 Relationships among Analytical Properties.- Questions.- Seminars: Numerical Problems.- Suggested Readings.- 3 Traceability: Reference Materials.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 The Integral Concept of Traceability.- 3.3 Physical and Chemical Traceability.- 3.4 Types of Standards and their Traceability.- 3.5 Analytical Chemical Standards.- 3.6 Specific Meanings of Traceability.- Questions.- Seminars.- Suggested Readings.- 4 The Measurement Process in Chemistry.- 4.1 Definition of Chemical Measurement Process.- 4.2 General Steps of a Chemical Measurement Process.- 4.3 Preliminary Operations.- 4.4 Measurement and Transducing of the Analytical Signal.- 4.5 Signal Acquisition and Data Processing.- 4.6 Validation of a Chemical Measurement Process.- 4.7 Salient Current Trends.- Annex I.- Annex II.- Annex III.- Annex IV.- Annex V.- Annex VI.- Questions.- Seminars.- Suggested Readings.- 5 Qualitative Aspects of Analytical Chemistry.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 The Binary Response.- 5.3 Types of Qualitative Identification.- 5.4 Standards and Calibration in Qualitative Analysis.- 5.5 Classical Qualitative Analysis.- 5.6 Instrumental Qualitative Analysis.- Questions.- Seminars.- Suggested Readings.- 6 Quantitative Aspects of Analytical Chemistry.- 6.1 Fundamentals.- 6.2 Calculable Quantitation Methods.- 6.3 Relative Quantitation Methods.- Questions.- Seminars.- Suggested Readings.- 7 The Analytical Problem.- 7.1 Introduction 283.- 7.2 Meanings of "Problem" in Analytical Chemistry.- 7.3 Integral Definition of the Analytical Problem.- 7.4 Elements of the Analytical Problem.- 7.5 Steps of the Analytical Problem-solving Process.- 7.6 Consistency Between Required Information and Supplied Information.- 7.7 The Analytical Problem in the Context of Quality.- Questions.- Seminars.- Suggested Readings.- 8 Analytical Chemistry and Quality.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 A Generic Approach to Quality.- 8.3 General Aspects of Quality in Analytical Chemistry.- 8.4 Quality Systems in the Analytical Laboratory.- 8.5 Analytical Quality Control.- 8.6 Assessment of Analytical Quality.- 8.7 Supports of Analytical Quality Assurance.- 8.8 Costs and Benefits of Analytical Quality Systems.- Questions.- Seminars.- Suggested Readings.- Glossary of Terms.- Symbols and Abbreviations used in the text.