Surface Biomodification of Implants

Surface biomodification of implants enhances osseointegration by modifying topography, chemistry, and energy of the implant surface. Techniques include additive methods (plasma spraying, hydroxyapatite or calcium phosphate coatings, anodization, bioactive growth factor coatings) and subtractive methods (acid etching, sandblasting, laser machining). These alter surface roughness, improve wettability, and promote protein adsorption and osteoblast attachment. Titanium and its alloys are commonly used, with oxide layers improving biocompatibility. Recent strategies involve nanostructuring, peptide immobilization, and antimicrobial coatings. Overall, surface biomodification optimizes mechanical stability, accelerates bone healing, and reduces implant failure risk, ensuring long-term clinical success.