First Americans
A History of Native Peoples, Combined Volume
1st Edition
Published on 9. January 2012
Book
Paperback/Softback
672 pages
978-0-13-206948-9 (ISBN)
Description
Tells the complete story of Native American history, including the native perspective.
First Americans provides a history of Native Americans, from their earliest appearance in North America to the present, that covers the complexity and diversity of their past. The text demonstrates Native Americans' participation in determining their own future and helps students place Native American history in context with national and international developments.
Present throughout the text is the "native voice," giving American Indians' perspectives on historical developments. The text also enforces the reality that native people retain a presence in the U.S. today as a growing population with a rich diversity of roles, ideas, and contributions.
A better teaching and learning experience
This program will provide a better teaching and learning experience-for you and your students. Here's how:
Improve Critical Thinking - To enhance student comprehension, each chapter includes features such as Chronologies, Key Questions, Review Questions, and Recommended Readings.
Engage Students - Special features are included to highlight the native voice and support the themes presented.
Support Instructors - Instructor's Resource Center, Instructor's Manual, Test Bank, MyTest, and PowerPoint presentations are available to be packaged with this text.
For volume one of this text, search ISBN-10: 0205055761
For volume two of this text, search ISBN-10: 0205055877
First Americans provides a history of Native Americans, from their earliest appearance in North America to the present, that covers the complexity and diversity of their past. The text demonstrates Native Americans' participation in determining their own future and helps students place Native American history in context with national and international developments.
Present throughout the text is the "native voice," giving American Indians' perspectives on historical developments. The text also enforces the reality that native people retain a presence in the U.S. today as a growing population with a rich diversity of roles, ideas, and contributions.
A better teaching and learning experience
This program will provide a better teaching and learning experience-for you and your students. Here's how:
Improve Critical Thinking - To enhance student comprehension, each chapter includes features such as Chronologies, Key Questions, Review Questions, and Recommended Readings.
Engage Students - Special features are included to highlight the native voice and support the themes presented.
Support Instructors - Instructor's Resource Center, Instructor's Manual, Test Bank, MyTest, and PowerPoint presentations are available to be packaged with this text.
For volume one of this text, search ISBN-10: 0205055761
For volume two of this text, search ISBN-10: 0205055877
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Kenneth W. Townsend
First Americans: A History of Native Peoples, Combined Volume
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Persons
Kenneth Townsend earned his Ph.D. in American History from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1991, two years after joining the faculty of the Department of History at Coastal Carolina University in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. Townsend now serves as chair of the Department of History. He is the author of World War II and the American Indian (2000), South Carolina (2008) and varied articles, and he is revising a book-length manuscript addressing the World War II home front in the Southeastern United States. In summer 2006 Townsend embedded with U.S. Army units in Kabul and Kandahar, Afghanistan and is now
completing a project titled "Shadows of War" that examines the personal imprint of war on soldiers and their families.
Mark A. Nicholas received his PhD from Lehigh University in 2006, and teaches at Florida Atlantic University. With Joel W. Martin, he edited Native Americans, Christianity, and the Reshaping of the American Religious Landscape (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010). He has several ongoing projects, including a book about the Seneca Indians for Michigan State University. Press and a book about the Shawnees in Kansas for University of Arizona Press.
completing a project titled "Shadows of War" that examines the personal imprint of war on soldiers and their families.
Mark A. Nicholas received his PhD from Lehigh University in 2006, and teaches at Florida Atlantic University. With Joel W. Martin, he edited Native Americans, Christianity, and the Reshaping of the American Religious Landscape (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010). He has several ongoing projects, including a book about the Seneca Indians for Michigan State University. Press and a book about the Shawnees in Kansas for University of Arizona Press.
Content
Found in this section:
1. Brief Table of Contents
2. Full Table of Contents
1. BRIEF TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1 Native North America before European Contact
Chapter 2 Native Peoples and European Newcomers, 982-1585
Chapter 3 Spanish Borderlands, 1527-1758
Chapter 4 Seventeenth-Century Eastern Woodlands, 1607-1689
Chapter 5 Empire, 1700-1763
Chapter 6 The Indians' Revolution, 1763-1814
Chapter 7 Removal, 1801-1846
Chapter 8 Western Indians and the United States, 1800-1850
Chapter 9 The Civil War Years, 1861-1865
Chapter 10 Conflicting Postwar Directions, 1865-1877
Chapter 11 The Struggle for Cultural Identity, 1877-1910
Chapter 12 Progressivism and World War I: Charting Their Own Course in the Twentieth Century, 1900-1920
Chapter 13 Post-War Directions for Native Americans, 1918-1929
Chapter 14 The Great Depression, 1929-1940
Chapter 15 American Indians Join the War Effort, 1940-1945
Chapter 16 Redefining the Status of Native Americans in Post-World War II America, 1943-1962
Chapter 17 Indian Activism in the Age of Liberalism, 1961-1980
Chapter 18 Self-Determination to Decolonization: Native Americans into the Twenty-First Century
2. FULL TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface
Supplementary Material
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Chapter 1: Native North America Before European Contact
Stories versus Science
Beginnings
We Were Always Here
The Scientific Evidence
Reading History The Kwakiutl Story of the Deluge
Clovis and Folsom Cultures
Changes in the West
California Indians
The Northwest
The Great Basin and the Plains
Agriculture-Based Societies in the Southwest
Cultural Diversity and the Arrival of Maize
The "Chaco Phenomenon"
Hohokam and Mesa Verde Cultures
Seeing History Anasazi Sites Compared
Eastern Woodlands
Early Eastern Woodlands Traditions
Adena and Hopewell Cultures
Mississipian Chiefdoms
The Iroquois
Seeing History Chiefdoms Maintaining Power Through Images
Reading History The Iroquois Origin Story
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
Chapter 2: Native Peoples and European Newcomers, 982-1590
Conquests, Colonies, and Contradictions
An Iberian New World Order
Christopher Columbus and the West Indies: The Tainos Encounter Spaniards
The Maya, Aztec, and Inca Worlds
Maya
Chichen Itza and the Mayan City-States
Maya Women and the City-States
Aztecs
Pre-Aztec States in Mexico
Rise of the Aztec Empire
Tenochtitlan
Aztec Gods and Religion
Aztec Women in a Warrior Culture
Inca
Growth of the Inca State
Inca Rule
The Power of Inca Women
Spanish Conquest, Spanish Rule
Fall of Tenochtitlan
Profile Malintzin, A Woman Negotiates with the Aztecs
Reading History A Woman's Voice From
Postconquest Mexico: Ana Juana From Culhuacan
Conquest of the Incas
Profile Titu Cusi Yupanqui, an Inca Elite After Conquest
Conquest of the Maya
Reading History A Voice from the Mayan New
World Inquisition: Francisco Chuc of Sahcaba, August 11, 1562
French and English Newcomers
Pre-Columbian Encounters in North America: The Norse
Early Expeditions to the Northeast
Native Peoples and the French along the St. Lawrence River
Algonquians and the English at Roanoke
Profile Manteo, the Roanoke Interpreter
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
Chapter 3: Spanish Borderlands, 1527-1758
On the Fringes
La Florida: A Maritime Borderland
The Indian Landscape of La Florida
Friars and Chiefdoms
Mission Life
Rebellion and Decline
Southeast Chiefdoms and Hernando De Soto
The Southwest Borderlands
Women and Caddoan Power
The Texas Mission-Presidio Complex
The World of the Pueblos
New Power in the Sword: The Spanish Invasion
New Power in the Church: The Franciscan Pueblo Missions
New Power in Governance: Encomenderos and Colonial Rule
Rebellion: The Pueblo Revolt of 1680
Reading History Declaration of the Indian, Juan.
Place on the Rio del Norte, December, 18, 1681
Northern Mining Frontiers
Serrano Peoples: Native Life in Sonora
Miners, Ranchers, and Moving Frontiers
Missionaries: Serrano Peoples and the Jesuits
Wanderers and Communities: Native Resistance to Spanish Rule
Early Borderlands Connections in the Southwest
Horses and Networks of Masculine Trade and Warfare
The Rise of the Comanches
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
Chapter 4: Seventeenth-Century Eastern Woodlands, 1607-1689
Worlds Apart
Tsenacommacah
The Rise of the Powhatan Confederacy
Powhatan and the English: Trade and Conflict
Indian War and the Emergence of Virginia
Profile Pocahontas in the Atlantic World
Southern New England Indians Encounter the English
Native Americans and Plymouth Bay
New England Indians Face English Expansion
Christianity and the Praying Town Model
Mohegans
Confederacies, Empires, and Villages
The Huron Ascendancy
War and Mourning: Five Nations' Ferocity
Middle Grounding: The Pays d'en haut
Transformation of the Five Nations
Profile Kateri Tekakwitha
Maturing Colonies Ending a Century in Conflict: Metacom's War and Bacon's Rebellion
Metacom's War
Reading History Mary Rowlandson's Captivity Narrative, 1682
Bacon's Rebellion
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
Chapter 5: Empire, 1700-1763
Empires, a Chief, and a Prophet
Indians and Empires in the Northeast
Deerfield on the Edge of Empire
Reading History John Williams, Redeemed Captive Returning to Zion, 1774
Returning to New France and Shifting Strategies
New England Indians "Behind the Frontier"
Land and Indian Communities
Native Peoples and the Economics of the British Empire in New England
Religion, Education, and Indian Sovereignty
Profile The Transient Life of Sarah Gardner, Indian Woman
Reading History Samson Occom Tells His Story, 1768
A Mid-Atlantic Frontier
Delawares and the Quest for Land
The Pennsylvania Backcountry
The Indians' "Great Awakening" in Pennsylvania
Profile Andrew Montour: The Frontier Negotiator
Reading History Esther: a Mahican-Moravian
Multitribal Zones and Imperial Pressure in the South
Trading Slaves and Deerskins
Native Americans and the Costs of French Expansion into the Lower Mississippi Valley
Tuscarora and Yamasee Wars and Breaking with the British
Profile Mary Musgrove: A Creek Woman Between Worlds
The Seven Years' War and Indian Perspectives on Empire
The Redefinition of Empire and Racial Consciousness
Seeing History Neolin's Master of Life
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
Chapter 6: The Indians' Revolution, 1763-1814
A Disease, a Continent, and a Revolution
The American Revolution
Questions of Iroquois Neutrality
For Liberty and Independence: New England Indians
Profile Molly Brant, an Iroquois Woman and British Loyalist
Dunmore's War and the Old Northwest
The South and Choosing Sides
Seeing History A Draught of the Cherokee Country by Lientenant Henry Timberlake, 1762
Native American Recovery, Native American Resistance, 1783-1814
The Revolution Continues: Treaties and Bloody Years
The Civilization Program
Prophets and War
Profile Black Hoof, Shawnee Annuity Chief
Reading History Hansome Lake's First Vision, 1799
Profile Hillis Hadjo, The Creek Prophet
Western Revolutions
The Borderlands Revolution: Comancheria
Comancheria: Wealth and Empire
Alta California: Missionary Revolutions
Mission Life
Profile Indian Leaders in the Franciscan Missions
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
Chapter 7: Removal, 1801-1846
Do You Want Our Land?
Southern Removal
Cherokee "Civilization"
Cherokees Challenged
Reading History The Removal Act of 1830
Cherokee Removal
The Creek Road to Oklahoma
Choctaw Removal
Seeing History Nanih Waiya
Chickasaws Head West
Profile Pushmataha, Choctaw Leader Caught between Worlds
Resisting Removal
Seminoles Fight
Profile Coacoochee, the Mexican Seminole
The Black Hawk War
Reading History Black Hawk's Autobiography
Removal from the North
Profile William Apess, a Pequot Helps the Mashpee
Restoring Sovereignty in the Indian Territory
Rebuilding the Cherokee Nation
Resurgence among Indians from the South
Indian Territory and the "Peculiar Institution" of Slavery
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
Chapter 8: Western Indians and the United States, 1800-1850
Winning or Losing the West
Native Americans, the Corps of Discovery, and Constructing Empire
The Plains and Missouri River Indians
Pacific Northwest Indians
Reading History James P. Rhonda, The Truth About Sacagawea
The Pacific as the West
Russian America
Tlingit Culture, Resistance, and Competition
Rocky Mountain Fur Trading and the Pacific Northwest
Profile Smohalla, the Prophet
Winning or Losing the West?
The Transformation of California
Reading History Isadora: Widow of the Prince of Solano
California Indians and American Manifest Destiny
California's "Sexual Frontier"
ProfileIshi, the Last Yahi Standing
Texas Indians in Upheaval
Profile Andele, the Mexican-Kiowa Captive
The Southwest Borderlands in Transition
Reading History Andele's Account
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
Chapter 9: The Civil War Years, 1861-1865
Lumbee Indians in the Civil War
War in Indian Territory and Minnesota
Choosing Sides
War in Indian Territory
Profile Stand Watie (Cherokee, 1806-1871)
The Upper Midwest: Sioux Resistance
Profile Little Crow (Tayoyateduta or Thaoyate Duta, for His Red Nation), 1810-1862
Seeing History The Execution of Santee Sioux
Resistance in the Southwest and Plains
Navajo Resistance
Bosque Redondo
War in the Colorado Territory
Reading History Proclamation of Govern John Evans, Colorado Territory, June 27, 1864
Reading History Letter from Black Kettle (Cheyenne) to Major Colley (Indian Agent, Fort Lyon), United States Army, August 29, 1864
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
Chapter 10: Conflicting Postwar Directions, 1865-1877
Kintpuash and the Modoc War
Post-Civil War Directions in Indian Affairs
Defining Postwar Indian Policy
Profile Standing Bear (Machunazha, Ponca), 1829-1908
The Powder River War
Peace Overtures
Reading History Report to the President by the Indian Peace Commission, January 7, 1868
Renewed Resistance on the Southern Plains
Peace Policy, War Policy
President Grant's Peace Policy
Seeing History "Robinison Crusoe Making a Man of his Friday"
Renewed Resistance on the Southern Plains
Profile Quannah Parker (Comanche)
Gold in the Black Hills
The Great Sioux War
The Nez Perce
Seeing History Custer's Last Stand
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
Chapter 11: The Struggle for Cultural Identity, 1877-1910
Wild West Shows
Chasing Freedom, Preserving Identity
Victorio and Geronimo
The Ghost Dance
Saving the Indian
Eastern Reformers
Lake Mohonk
Seeing History "Give the Red Man a Chance"
The Attack on Indian Cultures
The Dawes Act
Reading History General Allotment Act, or Dawes Act (1887)
Profile The "Oklahoma Land Rushers, or Boomers"
Christianizing the Indian
Educating Native Americans
Seeing History "The American Indian: Past and Present"
Profile Plenty Kill, aka Luther Standing Bear (Oglala, 1868-1939)
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
Chapter 12: Progressivism and World War I: Charting Their Own Course in the Twentieth Century, 1900-1920
Simon Pokagon
The Progressive Spirit among Native Americans
Seeing History Dime Novels
The Society of American Indians
Profile Jim Thorpe
Gertrude Bonnin and Laura Kellogg
Religion and the SAI
Fractures within the SAI
The Peyote Issue
The Great War
The World War One Draft
Reading History Native American Citizenship and Compulsory Military Service
Indians Enter Military Service
Over There
Profile Private Joseph Oklahombi (Choctaw)
Stereotypes and Indian Military Service
The Home Front
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
Chapter 13: Post-War Directions for Native Americans, 1918-1929
The "Osage Reign of Terror"
Coming Home
Wartime Divestment of Indian Lands
Wartime Resurgence of Traditional Values
Citizenship for Native Americans
Postwar Activism
The Continued Assault on Indian Lands
Profile Will Rogers
Pueblo Lands
Reading History Letter from Commissioner of Indian Affairs Charles Burke to All Indians
Fall's Removal from Office
Changing Directions
The Emerging Path of Reform
Seeing History The Vanishing American and Hollywood Film
Profile John Collier
Citizenship Revisited
The Meriam Report
Reading History From The Problem of Indian Administration, or Meriam Report, 1928
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
Chapter 14: The Great Depression, 1929-1940
The CCC Project at Bandelier National Park near Santa Fe, New Mexico
Native Americans and the Early Years of the Great Depression
Hard Times
Reform Efforts in the Hoover Administration
Health Care and Education
A Brighter Prospect for Change
The Indian New Deal
Native Americans and New Deal Reform
The Public Works of Art Project
Seeing History St Regis Indian Reservation (1937) by Amy Jones
The Civilian Conservation Corps-Indian Division
Profile Robert Yellowtail
Navajo Stock Reduction
Indian Education
Redirection in Federal Indian Policy
The Indian Reorganization Act
Reading History Excerpts from the Indian Reorganization Act (Wheeler-Howard Act), June 18, 1934
Resistance to the IRA
Profile Alice Lee Jemison (Seneca)
Assessment of the Indian New Deal
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
Chapter 15: American Indians Join the WarEffort, 1940-1945
Lieutenant Ernest Childers Earns the Congressional Medal of Honor
Native Americans Enter the Armed Forces
Draft Registration and Military Induction
Motives for Enlistment
Seeing History Freedom's Warrior-The American Indian
Defining Indian Identity
Racial Identity in Virginia
Tribal Sovereignty
Native Americans at War
Indian Response to Pearl Harbor
Indians at War
Profile Postwar Ira Hayes
Code Talkers
The Popular Image of Indian Soldiers
Reading History The Navajo Translation of the United States Marine Corps Hymn
Seeing History Military Use of Native American Imagery
The Home Front
War Comes to the Reservations
Migration to Defense Factories
Women and the War Effort
War Bond Purchases
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
Chapter 16: Redefining the Status of Native Americans in Post-World War II America, 1943-1962
John Nez (Navajo)
The Path to Termination
Senate Report 310
A Global Indian Reorganization Act
The National Congress of American Indians
The Immediate Postwar Direction
Economic Difficulties
Social Concerns
The Indian Claims Commission
Termination and Relocation
Termination Reconsidered
The Relocation Program
Seeing History Bureau of Indian Affairs Relocation Poster "Come to Denver"
The Policy of Termination
Klamath and Menominee Termination
Profile Ada Deer (Menominee)
Reading History Party Platform Planks and Native Americans
"The More Things Change . . ."
The Continued Assault on Indian Lands
The Korean War
Profile Woodrow Wilson Keeble (Sioux)
Hollywood Films and Television
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
Chapter 17: Indian Activism in the Age of Liberalism, 1961-1980
Bernie Whitebear and the Fort Lawton Takeover
A New Direction in Indian Activism
Fishing and Water Rights
Profile Buffy Sainte Marie
Alcatraz
The Alcatraz Occupation
Profile Vine Deloria, Jr. (1933-2005)
Indians and the Vietnam War
Native Americans Enter the Armed Forces
Combat Service
Racial Consciousness
Red Power
The American Indian Movement
Trail of Broken Treaties
Wounded Knee
The Longest Walk
Seeing HistoryA Call for Support
New Directions?
Indian Self-Determination
Urbanization Patterns
Educational Directions
Reading History Edward M. Kennedy, Foreword from Indian Education: A National Tragedy-A National Challenge
Mainstream Awareness
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
Chapter 18: Self-Determination to Decolonization: Native Americans into the Twenty-First Century
Ronald Reagan, Decolonization
Presidential Indian Policy: 1980s-1990s
The Reagan Years
Reading History Ronald Reagan, Indian Policy Statement, January 24, 1983
Profile Peter MacDonald: Navajo Leader Falls from Power in the Era of Reagan
George Herbert Walter Bush: Any Better?
Reading History George H. W. Bush's Statement on Indian Affairs, June 14, 1991
Native Peoples and Activism: The 1980s and 1990s
Reservations and Resources
Casinos and Tourism
NAGPRA and What Is an Indian?
Native American Women Take Charge
Reading History James C. Chatters, Kennewick Man
Profile Suzan Shown Harjo: Cheyenne-Creek Activist
Empowerment and Decolonization and into the Twenty-First Century Literature and Art
Indigenous Peoples in the Academy
Seeing History Gathering Wild Rice
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
Appendix
Glossary of Key Terms and Concepts
Bibliography
Photo & Text Credits
Index
1. Brief Table of Contents
2. Full Table of Contents
1. BRIEF TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1 Native North America before European Contact
Chapter 2 Native Peoples and European Newcomers, 982-1585
Chapter 3 Spanish Borderlands, 1527-1758
Chapter 4 Seventeenth-Century Eastern Woodlands, 1607-1689
Chapter 5 Empire, 1700-1763
Chapter 6 The Indians' Revolution, 1763-1814
Chapter 7 Removal, 1801-1846
Chapter 8 Western Indians and the United States, 1800-1850
Chapter 9 The Civil War Years, 1861-1865
Chapter 10 Conflicting Postwar Directions, 1865-1877
Chapter 11 The Struggle for Cultural Identity, 1877-1910
Chapter 12 Progressivism and World War I: Charting Their Own Course in the Twentieth Century, 1900-1920
Chapter 13 Post-War Directions for Native Americans, 1918-1929
Chapter 14 The Great Depression, 1929-1940
Chapter 15 American Indians Join the War Effort, 1940-1945
Chapter 16 Redefining the Status of Native Americans in Post-World War II America, 1943-1962
Chapter 17 Indian Activism in the Age of Liberalism, 1961-1980
Chapter 18 Self-Determination to Decolonization: Native Americans into the Twenty-First Century
2. FULL TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface
Supplementary Material
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Chapter 1: Native North America Before European Contact
Stories versus Science
Beginnings
We Were Always Here
The Scientific Evidence
Reading History The Kwakiutl Story of the Deluge
Clovis and Folsom Cultures
Changes in the West
California Indians
The Northwest
The Great Basin and the Plains
Agriculture-Based Societies in the Southwest
Cultural Diversity and the Arrival of Maize
The "Chaco Phenomenon"
Hohokam and Mesa Verde Cultures
Seeing History Anasazi Sites Compared
Eastern Woodlands
Early Eastern Woodlands Traditions
Adena and Hopewell Cultures
Mississipian Chiefdoms
The Iroquois
Seeing History Chiefdoms Maintaining Power Through Images
Reading History The Iroquois Origin Story
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
Chapter 2: Native Peoples and European Newcomers, 982-1590
Conquests, Colonies, and Contradictions
An Iberian New World Order
Christopher Columbus and the West Indies: The Tainos Encounter Spaniards
The Maya, Aztec, and Inca Worlds
Maya
Chichen Itza and the Mayan City-States
Maya Women and the City-States
Aztecs
Pre-Aztec States in Mexico
Rise of the Aztec Empire
Tenochtitlan
Aztec Gods and Religion
Aztec Women in a Warrior Culture
Inca
Growth of the Inca State
Inca Rule
The Power of Inca Women
Spanish Conquest, Spanish Rule
Fall of Tenochtitlan
Profile Malintzin, A Woman Negotiates with the Aztecs
Reading History A Woman's Voice From
Postconquest Mexico: Ana Juana From Culhuacan
Conquest of the Incas
Profile Titu Cusi Yupanqui, an Inca Elite After Conquest
Conquest of the Maya
Reading History A Voice from the Mayan New
World Inquisition: Francisco Chuc of Sahcaba, August 11, 1562
French and English Newcomers
Pre-Columbian Encounters in North America: The Norse
Early Expeditions to the Northeast
Native Peoples and the French along the St. Lawrence River
Algonquians and the English at Roanoke
Profile Manteo, the Roanoke Interpreter
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
Chapter 3: Spanish Borderlands, 1527-1758
On the Fringes
La Florida: A Maritime Borderland
The Indian Landscape of La Florida
Friars and Chiefdoms
Mission Life
Rebellion and Decline
Southeast Chiefdoms and Hernando De Soto
The Southwest Borderlands
Women and Caddoan Power
The Texas Mission-Presidio Complex
The World of the Pueblos
New Power in the Sword: The Spanish Invasion
New Power in the Church: The Franciscan Pueblo Missions
New Power in Governance: Encomenderos and Colonial Rule
Rebellion: The Pueblo Revolt of 1680
Reading History Declaration of the Indian, Juan.
Place on the Rio del Norte, December, 18, 1681
Northern Mining Frontiers
Serrano Peoples: Native Life in Sonora
Miners, Ranchers, and Moving Frontiers
Missionaries: Serrano Peoples and the Jesuits
Wanderers and Communities: Native Resistance to Spanish Rule
Early Borderlands Connections in the Southwest
Horses and Networks of Masculine Trade and Warfare
The Rise of the Comanches
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
Chapter 4: Seventeenth-Century Eastern Woodlands, 1607-1689
Worlds Apart
Tsenacommacah
The Rise of the Powhatan Confederacy
Powhatan and the English: Trade and Conflict
Indian War and the Emergence of Virginia
Profile Pocahontas in the Atlantic World
Southern New England Indians Encounter the English
Native Americans and Plymouth Bay
New England Indians Face English Expansion
Christianity and the Praying Town Model
Mohegans
Confederacies, Empires, and Villages
The Huron Ascendancy
War and Mourning: Five Nations' Ferocity
Middle Grounding: The Pays d'en haut
Transformation of the Five Nations
Profile Kateri Tekakwitha
Maturing Colonies Ending a Century in Conflict: Metacom's War and Bacon's Rebellion
Metacom's War
Reading History Mary Rowlandson's Captivity Narrative, 1682
Bacon's Rebellion
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
Chapter 5: Empire, 1700-1763
Empires, a Chief, and a Prophet
Indians and Empires in the Northeast
Deerfield on the Edge of Empire
Reading History John Williams, Redeemed Captive Returning to Zion, 1774
Returning to New France and Shifting Strategies
New England Indians "Behind the Frontier"
Land and Indian Communities
Native Peoples and the Economics of the British Empire in New England
Religion, Education, and Indian Sovereignty
Profile The Transient Life of Sarah Gardner, Indian Woman
Reading History Samson Occom Tells His Story, 1768
A Mid-Atlantic Frontier
Delawares and the Quest for Land
The Pennsylvania Backcountry
The Indians' "Great Awakening" in Pennsylvania
Profile Andrew Montour: The Frontier Negotiator
Reading History Esther: a Mahican-Moravian
Multitribal Zones and Imperial Pressure in the South
Trading Slaves and Deerskins
Native Americans and the Costs of French Expansion into the Lower Mississippi Valley
Tuscarora and Yamasee Wars and Breaking with the British
Profile Mary Musgrove: A Creek Woman Between Worlds
The Seven Years' War and Indian Perspectives on Empire
The Redefinition of Empire and Racial Consciousness
Seeing History Neolin's Master of Life
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
Chapter 6: The Indians' Revolution, 1763-1814
A Disease, a Continent, and a Revolution
The American Revolution
Questions of Iroquois Neutrality
For Liberty and Independence: New England Indians
Profile Molly Brant, an Iroquois Woman and British Loyalist
Dunmore's War and the Old Northwest
The South and Choosing Sides
Seeing History A Draught of the Cherokee Country by Lientenant Henry Timberlake, 1762
Native American Recovery, Native American Resistance, 1783-1814
The Revolution Continues: Treaties and Bloody Years
The Civilization Program
Prophets and War
Profile Black Hoof, Shawnee Annuity Chief
Reading History Hansome Lake's First Vision, 1799
Profile Hillis Hadjo, The Creek Prophet
Western Revolutions
The Borderlands Revolution: Comancheria
Comancheria: Wealth and Empire
Alta California: Missionary Revolutions
Mission Life
Profile Indian Leaders in the Franciscan Missions
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
Chapter 7: Removal, 1801-1846
Do You Want Our Land?
Southern Removal
Cherokee "Civilization"
Cherokees Challenged
Reading History The Removal Act of 1830
Cherokee Removal
The Creek Road to Oklahoma
Choctaw Removal
Seeing History Nanih Waiya
Chickasaws Head West
Profile Pushmataha, Choctaw Leader Caught between Worlds
Resisting Removal
Seminoles Fight
Profile Coacoochee, the Mexican Seminole
The Black Hawk War
Reading History Black Hawk's Autobiography
Removal from the North
Profile William Apess, a Pequot Helps the Mashpee
Restoring Sovereignty in the Indian Territory
Rebuilding the Cherokee Nation
Resurgence among Indians from the South
Indian Territory and the "Peculiar Institution" of Slavery
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
Chapter 8: Western Indians and the United States, 1800-1850
Winning or Losing the West
Native Americans, the Corps of Discovery, and Constructing Empire
The Plains and Missouri River Indians
Pacific Northwest Indians
Reading History James P. Rhonda, The Truth About Sacagawea
The Pacific as the West
Russian America
Tlingit Culture, Resistance, and Competition
Rocky Mountain Fur Trading and the Pacific Northwest
Profile Smohalla, the Prophet
Winning or Losing the West?
The Transformation of California
Reading History Isadora: Widow of the Prince of Solano
California Indians and American Manifest Destiny
California's "Sexual Frontier"
ProfileIshi, the Last Yahi Standing
Texas Indians in Upheaval
Profile Andele, the Mexican-Kiowa Captive
The Southwest Borderlands in Transition
Reading History Andele's Account
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
Chapter 9: The Civil War Years, 1861-1865
Lumbee Indians in the Civil War
War in Indian Territory and Minnesota
Choosing Sides
War in Indian Territory
Profile Stand Watie (Cherokee, 1806-1871)
The Upper Midwest: Sioux Resistance
Profile Little Crow (Tayoyateduta or Thaoyate Duta, for His Red Nation), 1810-1862
Seeing History The Execution of Santee Sioux
Resistance in the Southwest and Plains
Navajo Resistance
Bosque Redondo
War in the Colorado Territory
Reading History Proclamation of Govern John Evans, Colorado Territory, June 27, 1864
Reading History Letter from Black Kettle (Cheyenne) to Major Colley (Indian Agent, Fort Lyon), United States Army, August 29, 1864
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
Chapter 10: Conflicting Postwar Directions, 1865-1877
Kintpuash and the Modoc War
Post-Civil War Directions in Indian Affairs
Defining Postwar Indian Policy
Profile Standing Bear (Machunazha, Ponca), 1829-1908
The Powder River War
Peace Overtures
Reading History Report to the President by the Indian Peace Commission, January 7, 1868
Renewed Resistance on the Southern Plains
Peace Policy, War Policy
President Grant's Peace Policy
Seeing History "Robinison Crusoe Making a Man of his Friday"
Renewed Resistance on the Southern Plains
Profile Quannah Parker (Comanche)
Gold in the Black Hills
The Great Sioux War
The Nez Perce
Seeing History Custer's Last Stand
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
Chapter 11: The Struggle for Cultural Identity, 1877-1910
Wild West Shows
Chasing Freedom, Preserving Identity
Victorio and Geronimo
The Ghost Dance
Saving the Indian
Eastern Reformers
Lake Mohonk
Seeing History "Give the Red Man a Chance"
The Attack on Indian Cultures
The Dawes Act
Reading History General Allotment Act, or Dawes Act (1887)
Profile The "Oklahoma Land Rushers, or Boomers"
Christianizing the Indian
Educating Native Americans
Seeing History "The American Indian: Past and Present"
Profile Plenty Kill, aka Luther Standing Bear (Oglala, 1868-1939)
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
Chapter 12: Progressivism and World War I: Charting Their Own Course in the Twentieth Century, 1900-1920
Simon Pokagon
The Progressive Spirit among Native Americans
Seeing History Dime Novels
The Society of American Indians
Profile Jim Thorpe
Gertrude Bonnin and Laura Kellogg
Religion and the SAI
Fractures within the SAI
The Peyote Issue
The Great War
The World War One Draft
Reading History Native American Citizenship and Compulsory Military Service
Indians Enter Military Service
Over There
Profile Private Joseph Oklahombi (Choctaw)
Stereotypes and Indian Military Service
The Home Front
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
Chapter 13: Post-War Directions for Native Americans, 1918-1929
The "Osage Reign of Terror"
Coming Home
Wartime Divestment of Indian Lands
Wartime Resurgence of Traditional Values
Citizenship for Native Americans
Postwar Activism
The Continued Assault on Indian Lands
Profile Will Rogers
Pueblo Lands
Reading History Letter from Commissioner of Indian Affairs Charles Burke to All Indians
Fall's Removal from Office
Changing Directions
The Emerging Path of Reform
Seeing History The Vanishing American and Hollywood Film
Profile John Collier
Citizenship Revisited
The Meriam Report
Reading History From The Problem of Indian Administration, or Meriam Report, 1928
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
Chapter 14: The Great Depression, 1929-1940
The CCC Project at Bandelier National Park near Santa Fe, New Mexico
Native Americans and the Early Years of the Great Depression
Hard Times
Reform Efforts in the Hoover Administration
Health Care and Education
A Brighter Prospect for Change
The Indian New Deal
Native Americans and New Deal Reform
The Public Works of Art Project
Seeing History St Regis Indian Reservation (1937) by Amy Jones
The Civilian Conservation Corps-Indian Division
Profile Robert Yellowtail
Navajo Stock Reduction
Indian Education
Redirection in Federal Indian Policy
The Indian Reorganization Act
Reading History Excerpts from the Indian Reorganization Act (Wheeler-Howard Act), June 18, 1934
Resistance to the IRA
Profile Alice Lee Jemison (Seneca)
Assessment of the Indian New Deal
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
Chapter 15: American Indians Join the WarEffort, 1940-1945
Lieutenant Ernest Childers Earns the Congressional Medal of Honor
Native Americans Enter the Armed Forces
Draft Registration and Military Induction
Motives for Enlistment
Seeing History Freedom's Warrior-The American Indian
Defining Indian Identity
Racial Identity in Virginia
Tribal Sovereignty
Native Americans at War
Indian Response to Pearl Harbor
Indians at War
Profile Postwar Ira Hayes
Code Talkers
The Popular Image of Indian Soldiers
Reading History The Navajo Translation of the United States Marine Corps Hymn
Seeing History Military Use of Native American Imagery
The Home Front
War Comes to the Reservations
Migration to Defense Factories
Women and the War Effort
War Bond Purchases
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
Chapter 16: Redefining the Status of Native Americans in Post-World War II America, 1943-1962
John Nez (Navajo)
The Path to Termination
Senate Report 310
A Global Indian Reorganization Act
The National Congress of American Indians
The Immediate Postwar Direction
Economic Difficulties
Social Concerns
The Indian Claims Commission
Termination and Relocation
Termination Reconsidered
The Relocation Program
Seeing History Bureau of Indian Affairs Relocation Poster "Come to Denver"
The Policy of Termination
Klamath and Menominee Termination
Profile Ada Deer (Menominee)
Reading History Party Platform Planks and Native Americans
"The More Things Change . . ."
The Continued Assault on Indian Lands
The Korean War
Profile Woodrow Wilson Keeble (Sioux)
Hollywood Films and Television
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
Chapter 17: Indian Activism in the Age of Liberalism, 1961-1980
Bernie Whitebear and the Fort Lawton Takeover
A New Direction in Indian Activism
Fishing and Water Rights
Profile Buffy Sainte Marie
Alcatraz
The Alcatraz Occupation
Profile Vine Deloria, Jr. (1933-2005)
Indians and the Vietnam War
Native Americans Enter the Armed Forces
Combat Service
Racial Consciousness
Red Power
The American Indian Movement
Trail of Broken Treaties
Wounded Knee
The Longest Walk
Seeing HistoryA Call for Support
New Directions?
Indian Self-Determination
Urbanization Patterns
Educational Directions
Reading History Edward M. Kennedy, Foreword from Indian Education: A National Tragedy-A National Challenge
Mainstream Awareness
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
Chapter 18: Self-Determination to Decolonization: Native Americans into the Twenty-First Century
Ronald Reagan, Decolonization
Presidential Indian Policy: 1980s-1990s
The Reagan Years
Reading History Ronald Reagan, Indian Policy Statement, January 24, 1983
Profile Peter MacDonald: Navajo Leader Falls from Power in the Era of Reagan
George Herbert Walter Bush: Any Better?
Reading History George H. W. Bush's Statement on Indian Affairs, June 14, 1991
Native Peoples and Activism: The 1980s and 1990s
Reservations and Resources
Casinos and Tourism
NAGPRA and What Is an Indian?
Native American Women Take Charge
Reading History James C. Chatters, Kennewick Man
Profile Suzan Shown Harjo: Cheyenne-Creek Activist
Empowerment and Decolonization and into the Twenty-First Century Literature and Art
Indigenous Peoples in the Academy
Seeing History Gathering Wild Rice
Conclusion
Review Questions
Recommended Readings
Native American History Online
Appendix
Glossary of Key Terms and Concepts
Bibliography
Photo & Text Credits
Index