Solar Energy
Fundamentals, Design, Modeling and Applications
Published on 22. May 2002
Book
Hardback
525 pages
978-0-8493-2409-3 (ISBN)
Description
Solar Energy: Fundamentals, Design, Modelling, and Applications offers a comprehensive but accessible treatment of solar energy, from its basic principles and applications to its economics aspects. Beginning with an overview of the sun's structure, the properties of its radiation, and the rudiments of heat transfer, the author presents in-depth discussions on the design, construction, and performance of solar thermal devices and photovoltaic systems. He explores numerous applications including air and water heating systems, crop drying, water distillation, and biogas digestion. Because the ultimate success or failure of a solar device or application will often hinge on financial considerations, the author also devotes an entire chapter to economic analysis, covering topics such as cash flow diagrams, cost comparisons, and the effects of depreciation.
Appendices provide conversion units, radiation tables, properties of materials, vapor pressure tables, heating values of combustibles, and an extensive bibliography. The text is complemented by more than 300 figures, 180 solved examples, and numerous problems with hints to their solution.
Appendices provide conversion units, radiation tables, properties of materials, vapor pressure tables, heating values of combustibles, and an extensive bibliography. The text is complemented by more than 300 figures, 180 solved examples, and numerous problems with hints to their solution.
More details
Language
English
Place of publication
Bosa Roca
United States
Publishing group
Taylor & Francis Inc
Dimensions
Height: 229 mm
Width: 152 mm
Weight
1202 gr
ISBN-13
978-0-8493-2409-3 (9780849324093)
Copyright in bibliographic data is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or its licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Classification
Person
Content
INTRODUCTION
The Sun
The Earth
Solar Spectrum
Solar Radiation
Instruments
Sun-Earth Angles
Availability of Solar Radiation on an Inclined Surface
Solar Radiation on Horizontal Surface
HEAT TRANSFER: CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
Introduction
Conduction
Boundary Conditions
Overall Heat Transfer
Dimensionless Heat-Conduction Parameters
Convection
Radiation
Heat and Mass Transfer
FLAT-PLATE COLLECTORS
Introduction
Flat-Plate Collector
Classification
Testing of Collector
Heat Transfer Coefficients
Optimization of Heat Losses
Determination of Fin Efficiency
Thermal Analysis of Flat-Plate Collectors
Configuration of FPC Connection
Effect of Heat Capacity in Flat-Plate Collector
Optimum Inclination of Flat-Plate Collector
Effect of Dust in Flat-Plate Collector
EVACUATED SOLAR COLLECTOR
Introduction
Evacuated-Tube Cover Collector
Evacuated-Tubular Collector
Analysis of Owens-Illinois Collector
Evacuated-Tube Collector with Heat Pipe
SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM
Introduction
Heat Exchanger
Heat Collection in a Storage Tank
SOLAR AIR HEATERS
Introduction
Description and Classification
Conventional Heater
Double Exposure Heaters
Air Heater with Flow above the Absorber
Air Heater with Flow on both Sides of the Absorber
Two Pass Solar air Heater
Comparison with Experimental Results
Heater with Finned Absorber
Heater with Vee-Corrugated Absorber
Reverse Absorber heater
Air Heaters with Porous Absorbers
Testing of Solar Air Collector
Parametric Studies
Comparison of Performance of Liquid and Air Collector
Aplications of Air Heater
SOLAR CROP DRYING
Introduction
Working Principle
Thermal Modelling of Open Sun Drying
Theral Analysis of Cabinet Dryer
Energy Balance for Reverse Absorber Cabinet Dryer
Energy Balance for Indirect Solar Drying System
SOLAR CONCENTRATORS
Introduction
Characteristic Parameters
Classification
Types of Concentrators
Geometrical Optics in Concentrators
Theoretical Solar Image
Thermal Analysis
Tracking Methods
Materials for Concentrators
SOLAR DISTILLATION
Introduction
Working Principle
Thermal Efficiency
Heat Transfer
External Heat Transfer
Internal Heat Transfer
Overall Heat Transfer
Determination of Distillate Output
Passive Solar Stills
Effect of Various Parameters
Other Design of Solar Still
Modified Internal Heat Transfer
SOLAR HOUSE
Introduction
Solar Temperature and Heat Flux
Thermal Gain
Various Thermal Cooling Concepts
Time Constant
Approximate Methods
Solar-Load Ratio Method
OTHER APPLICATIONS
Collection-cum-Storage Water Heater
Non-Convective Solar Pond
Solar Water Heating System
Heating of Swimming Pool by Solar Energy
Controlled Environment Greenhouse
Heating of Biogas Plant by Solar Energy
Solar Cooker
Design Method
Solar Fraction
Solar Cooling
ENERGY STORAGE
Introduction
Sensible Heat Storage
Liquid Media Storage
Solid Media Storage
Dual Media Storage
Basics of Latent Heat Storage
Chemical Storage
PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS
Introduction
Doping Fermi Level
p-n Junction
p-n Junction Characteristics
Photovoltaic Effect
Photovoltaic Material
Module
Cell Temperature
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
Introduction
Cost Analysis
Cash-Flow Diagrams
Cost Comparisons with Equal Duration
Cost Comparisons with Unequal Duration
Payback Time/Payment Time/Payback Period
Benefit-Cost Analysis
Effect of Depreciation
Cost Comparison after Taxes
APPENDICES
The Sun
The Earth
Solar Spectrum
Solar Radiation
Instruments
Sun-Earth Angles
Availability of Solar Radiation on an Inclined Surface
Solar Radiation on Horizontal Surface
HEAT TRANSFER: CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
Introduction
Conduction
Boundary Conditions
Overall Heat Transfer
Dimensionless Heat-Conduction Parameters
Convection
Radiation
Heat and Mass Transfer
FLAT-PLATE COLLECTORS
Introduction
Flat-Plate Collector
Classification
Testing of Collector
Heat Transfer Coefficients
Optimization of Heat Losses
Determination of Fin Efficiency
Thermal Analysis of Flat-Plate Collectors
Configuration of FPC Connection
Effect of Heat Capacity in Flat-Plate Collector
Optimum Inclination of Flat-Plate Collector
Effect of Dust in Flat-Plate Collector
EVACUATED SOLAR COLLECTOR
Introduction
Evacuated-Tube Cover Collector
Evacuated-Tubular Collector
Analysis of Owens-Illinois Collector
Evacuated-Tube Collector with Heat Pipe
SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM
Introduction
Heat Exchanger
Heat Collection in a Storage Tank
SOLAR AIR HEATERS
Introduction
Description and Classification
Conventional Heater
Double Exposure Heaters
Air Heater with Flow above the Absorber
Air Heater with Flow on both Sides of the Absorber
Two Pass Solar air Heater
Comparison with Experimental Results
Heater with Finned Absorber
Heater with Vee-Corrugated Absorber
Reverse Absorber heater
Air Heaters with Porous Absorbers
Testing of Solar Air Collector
Parametric Studies
Comparison of Performance of Liquid and Air Collector
Aplications of Air Heater
SOLAR CROP DRYING
Introduction
Working Principle
Thermal Modelling of Open Sun Drying
Theral Analysis of Cabinet Dryer
Energy Balance for Reverse Absorber Cabinet Dryer
Energy Balance for Indirect Solar Drying System
SOLAR CONCENTRATORS
Introduction
Characteristic Parameters
Classification
Types of Concentrators
Geometrical Optics in Concentrators
Theoretical Solar Image
Thermal Analysis
Tracking Methods
Materials for Concentrators
SOLAR DISTILLATION
Introduction
Working Principle
Thermal Efficiency
Heat Transfer
External Heat Transfer
Internal Heat Transfer
Overall Heat Transfer
Determination of Distillate Output
Passive Solar Stills
Effect of Various Parameters
Other Design of Solar Still
Modified Internal Heat Transfer
SOLAR HOUSE
Introduction
Solar Temperature and Heat Flux
Thermal Gain
Various Thermal Cooling Concepts
Time Constant
Approximate Methods
Solar-Load Ratio Method
OTHER APPLICATIONS
Collection-cum-Storage Water Heater
Non-Convective Solar Pond
Solar Water Heating System
Heating of Swimming Pool by Solar Energy
Controlled Environment Greenhouse
Heating of Biogas Plant by Solar Energy
Solar Cooker
Design Method
Solar Fraction
Solar Cooling
ENERGY STORAGE
Introduction
Sensible Heat Storage
Liquid Media Storage
Solid Media Storage
Dual Media Storage
Basics of Latent Heat Storage
Chemical Storage
PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS
Introduction
Doping Fermi Level
p-n Junction
p-n Junction Characteristics
Photovoltaic Effect
Photovoltaic Material
Module
Cell Temperature
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
Introduction
Cost Analysis
Cash-Flow Diagrams
Cost Comparisons with Equal Duration
Cost Comparisons with Unequal Duration
Payback Time/Payment Time/Payback Period
Benefit-Cost Analysis
Effect of Depreciation
Cost Comparison after Taxes
APPENDICES