Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation

Volume 6A.- Keynote Address.- Artificial Intelligence and Knowledge Based Systems: Origins, Methods and Opportunities for NDE.- 1: Generic Techniques--Fundamentals Section A: Ultrasonics.- UK Developments in Theoritical Modeling for Ultrasonic NDT.- On the Direct and Inverse Elastic Wave Scattering Problem to Characterize Damage in Materials.- Time Dependent Pulse Propagation and Scattering in Elastic Solids: An Asymptotic Theory.- Ultrasonic Surface and Bulk Wave Interaction with Fluid-Saturated Porous Solids.- Interactive Diffraction of a Plane Longitudinal Wave by a Pair of Coplanar Central Cracks in an Elastic Solid.- Ultrasonic Scattering by Planar and Non-Planar Cracks.- Acoustic Wave Scattering from a Circular Crack: Comparison of Different Computational Methods.- 3-D Modeling of Ultrasonic Scattering from Inter-Granular Stress Corrosion Cracks.- Application of Models for IGSCC Inspection.- Plate Modes Generated by Emats for NDE of Planar Flaws.- Reflection of Bounded Acoustic Beams from a Layered Solid.- Application of Forward and Inverse Scattering Models for Ultrasonic Waves in Complex Layered Structures.- Finite Element Studies of Transient Wave Propagation.- Modeling Ultrasonic Waves Using Finite Difference Methods.- Section B: Eddy Current.- Eddy Current Response to Three-Dimensional Flaws by the Boundary Element Method.- On Boundary Integral Equation Method for Field Distribution Under Cracked Metal Surface.- Applications of the Volume Integral Technique to Modeling Impedance Changes due to Surface Cracks.- Eddy Current Induction by a Coil Near a Conducting Edge in 2D.- 3-D Eddy Current Nondestructive Testing Modeling for Surface Flaws.- Eddy-Current Probe Interaction with Subsurface Cracks.- Recent Studies in Modeling for the A. C. Field Measurement Technique.- Three Dimensional Finite Element Modeling.- A Computational Model for Electromagnetic Interactions with Advanced Composites.- Section C: Thermal Waves.- Fundamentals of Thermal Wave Physics..- Classical and Quantum Mechanical Aspects of Thermal Wave Physics.- Temporal Behavior of Modulated Reflectance Signal in Silicon.- Modulated Reflectance Measurement of Reactive-Ion and Plasma Etch Damage in Silicon Wafers.- Picosecond Transient Thermoreflectances Time-Resolved Studies of Thin Film Thermal Transport.- Probing Through the Gas-Solid Interface with Thermal Wavess A Study of the Temperature Distribution in the Gas and in the Solid.- Reflection-Mirage Measurements of Thermal Diffusitivity.- Coating Thickness Determination Using Time Dependent Surface Temperature Measurements.- Nondestructive Characterization of Coatings on Metal Alloys.- Thermal Wave Techniques for Imaging and Characterization of Materials.- Section D: Acoustic Emission.- Numerical Calculations of Acoustic Emission.- Point-Source/Point-Receiver Materials Testing.- Thermally Induced Acoustic Emission in Homogeneous Metals and Composites.- Internal Monitoring of Acoustic Emission in Graphite-Epoxy Composites Using Imbedded Optical Fiber Sensors.- Application of Pattern Recognition Techniques to Acoustic Emission from Steel and Aluminum.- Digital Acquisition and Analysis of Acoustic Emission Signals for Crack Site Initiation Studies.- Effect of Temperature and Heat Treatment on Crack Growth Acoustic Emission in 7075 Aluminum.- A Semi-Adaptive Approach to In-Flight Monitoring Using Acoustic Emission.- Real-Time Aircraft Structural Monitoring Using Acoustic Emission.- Section E: X-Ray, CT, and NMR.- Quantitative Analysis of Real-Time Radiographic Systems.- Spatial Resolution of Linear Array Xenon Ionization Chamber X-Ray Detectors.- Engineering Tomography: A Quantitative NDE Tool.- A Linearization of Beam-Hardening Correction Method for X-Ray Computed Tomographic Imaging of Structural Ceramics.- Photon CT Scanning of Advanced Ceramic Materials.- Applications of Film Tomography Technique for QNDE.- NDE of Polymer Composites Using Magnetic Resonance Techniques.- Proton NMR Imaging of Green State Ceramics.- Section F: Other Techniques.- Optical Generation of Coherent Ultrahigh Frequency Surface Waves...- Use of a Chirp Waveform in Pulsed Eddy Current Crack Detection.- A New Method for the Measurement of Ultrasonic Absorption in Polycrystalline Materials.- A Single Transducer Broadband Technique for Leaky Lamb Wave Detection.- Simultaneous Measurements of Ultrasonic Phase Velocity and Attenuation in Solids.- 2: Imaging, Microscopy, Inversion and Reconstruction Section A: Imaging and Microscopy.- Shear Wave Imaging of Surface and Near-Surface Flaws in Ceramics.- A Real-Time SAFT System Applied to the Ultrasonic Inspection of Nuclear Reactor Components.- On the Ultrasonic Imaging of Tube/Support Structure of Power Plant Steam Generators.- Eddy Current Imaging for Material Surface Mapping.- Imaging of Advanced Composites with a Low-Frequency Acoustic Microscope.- Acoustic Microscopy Using Amplitude and Phase Measurements.- Acoustic Microscopy: Materials Art and Materials Science.- Section B: Inversion and Reconstruction.- Ultrasonic Inversion: A Direct and an Indirect Method.- Imaging of Flaws in Solids by Velocity Inversion.- Characterization of Flaw Shape and Orientation Using Ultrasonic Angular Scans.- Reconstruction of the Electromagnetic Wavefield from Scattering Data.- Uniform Field Eddy Current Probe: Experiments and Inversion for Realistic Flaws.- Inversion of Eddy Current Data and the Reconstruction of Flaws Part Is Acquisition of Data.- Inversion of Eddy Current Data and the Reconstruction of Flaws Part 2: Inversion of Data.- 3: Sensors and Probes Section A: Ultrasonics.- A Pulsed Laser/Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer Approach to Ultrasonic Sensor Needs for Steel Processing.- Development and Comparison of Beam Models for Two-Media Ultrasonic Inspection.- Transducer Models for the Finite Element Simulation of Ultrasonic NDT Phenomena.- Transducer Radiation Modeling for Ultrasonic Inspection Purposes.- Technique for Generation of Unipolar Ultrasonic Pulses.- Acoustic Transducers and Lens Design for Acoustic Microscopy.- Section B: Electromagnetics.- Field Mapping and Performance Characterization of Commercial Eddy Current Probes.- Design and Characterization of Uniform Field Eddy Current Probes.- Assessment of Eddy Current Probe Interactions with Defect Geometry and Operating Parameter Variations.- Effects of Shielding on Properties of Eddy Current Probes with Ferrite Cup Cores.- Pickup Coil Spacing Effects on Eddy Current Reflection Probe Sensitivity.- Eddy Current Probe Performance Variability.- Capacitive Arrays for Robotic Sensing.- Inductive Sensor Arrays for NDE and Robotics.- Optical Range Finder.- The Effect of Oxygen on the Ion-Acoustic Signal Generation Process.- 4: Image Analysis, Signal Processing and AI Section A; Image Analysis and Signal Processing.- Application of Additive Regional Kaiman Filtering to X-Ray Images in NDE.- An Image Segmentation Algorithm for Nonfilm Radiography.- Applications of Digital Image Enhancement Techniques for Improved Ultrasonic Imaging of Defects in Composite Materials.- An Improved Defect Classification Algorithm Based on Fuzzy Set Theory.- Frequency-Modulated (FM) Time Delay-Domain Thermal Wave Techniques, Instrumentation and Detection: A Review of the Emerging State of the Art in QNDE Applications.- An APriori Knowledge Based Wiener Filtering Approach to Ultrasonic Scattering Amplitude Estimation.- Signal Processing of Leaky Lamb Wave Data for Defect Imaging in Composite Laminates.- A Highly Interactive System for Processing Large Volumes of Ultrasonic Testing Data.- Ultrasonic Flaw Detection Using a Time Shifted Moving Average.- An Update on Automatic Positioning, Inspection, and Signal Processing Techniques in the RFC/NDE Inspection System.- Multiparameter Methods with Pulsed Eddy Currents.- An Efficient Technique for Storing Eddy Current Signals.- Section B: Artificial Intelligence.- Image Processing and Artificial Intelligence for Detection and Interpretation of Ultrasonic Test Signals.- An Expert System for Ultrasonic Materials Characterization and NDE.- Development of an Expert System for Ultrasonic Flaw Classification.- SIIA: A Knowledge-Based Assistant for the SAFT Ultrasonic Inspection System.- An AI Approach to the Eddy Current Defect Characterization Problem.- 5: NDE Systems and Reliability Section A: System Design and Performance.- Design and Operation of a Dual-Bridge Ultrasonic Inspection System for Composite Materials.- Using a Squirter to Perform Pulse-Echo Ultrasonic Inspections of Gas Turbine Engine Components: The Pros and Cons.- An Apparatus for the Automated Nondestructive Testing of Electro-Explosive Devices Using the Electrothermal Transient Technique.- An Automated Real-Time Imaging System for Inspection of Composite Structures in Aircraft.- System of Inspection Assisted by Microprocessor.- A Semi-Automatic System for the Ultrasonic Measurement of Texture.- Section B: System Reliability.- Model-Based Ultrasonic NDE System Qualification Methodology.- Crack Sizing by the Time-of-Flight Diffraction Method, in the Light of Recent International Round-Robin Trials, (UKAEA, DDT and PISC II).- Results of the Phase I Reliability Test on the RFC/NDE Eddy Current Station.- Analysis of the RFC/NDE System Performance Evaluation Experiments.- Application of the RFC/NDE System Testing Results.- Status of Advanced UT Systems for the Nuclear Industry.- The Detection of Cracks Under Installed Fasteners by Means of a Scanning Eddy-Current Method.- Real Defects for Verification of Ultrasonic Testing Models.- Volume 6B.- 6: Advanced Composites Section A: Properties.- Toughness and Flaw Responses in Nontransforming Ceramics: Implications for NDE.- NDE of Fiber and Whisker Reinforced Ceramics.- Continuum Modeling of Ultrasonic Behavior in Fluid-Loaded Fibrous Composite Media with Applications to Ceramic and Metal Matrix Composites.- Multiparameter Ultrasonic Evaluation of Ceramic Matrix Composites.- Detection of Ultrasonic Waves Propagating in Boron/Aluminum and Steel/Lucite Composite Materials.- Interface Effects on Attenuation and Phase Velocities in Metal-Matrix Composites.- Ultrasonic Dispersion in Fluid-Coupled Composite Plates.- Measurement of Ultrasonic Wavespeeds in Off-Axis Directions of Composite Materials.- Effects of Reflection and Refraction of Ultrasonic Waves on the Angle Beam Inspection of Anisotropic Composite Material.- Evaluation of Anisotropic Properties of Graphite/Epoxy Composites Using Lamb Waves.- Acoustic Wave Reflection from Water/Laminated Composite Interfaces.- Guided Interface Waves.- Section B: Defects.- Analytical Treatment of Polar Backscattering.- Porosity Characterization in Fiber-Reinforced Composites by use of Ultrasonic Backscatter.- Ultrasonic Characterization of Porosity in Composite Materials by Time Delay Spectrometry.- Ultrasonic Characterization of Cylindrical Porosity - A Model Study.- A Morphological Study of Porosity Defects in Graphite-Epoxy Composites.- Evaluation of Porosity in Graphite-Epoxy Composite by Frequency Dependence of Ultrasonic Attenuation.- Defect and Damage Characterization in Composite Materials.- Characterization of Impact Damage in Composites.- Ultrasonic Techniques to Produce Damage Profiles Through the Thickness of a Sample.- Estimating Residual Strength in Filament Wound Casings from Nondestructive Evaluation of Impact Damage.- Photoacoustic Microscopy of Ceramics Using Laser Heterodyne Detection.- Imbedded Optical Fiber Sensor of Differential Strain in Composites.- Ultrasonic Signal Analysis of Composite Structures Using the Entire Waveform.- Section C: Processing.- Processing of Thermoplastic Matrix Composites.- Dynamic Viscosity Measurements of Fluids Employing Resonance Characteristics of Piezoelectric Element Vibrating in the Shear Mode.- Nondestructive Evaluation of the Curing of Resin and Prepreg Using an Acoustic Waveguide Sensor.- Process Monitoring of Polymer Matrix Composites Using Fluorescence Probes.- Dynamic Dielectric Analysis for Nondestructive Cure Monitoring and Process Control.- 7: Electronic Materials and Devices Section A: Electronic Materials and Devices.- Atomic Force Microscopy: General Principles and a New Implementation.- Scanning Differential Contrast Microscopy.- Nondestructive Submicron Dimensional Metrology Using the Scanning Electron Microscope.- Thermal and Plasma Waves in Semiconductors.- Thermal Wave Characterization of Coated Surfaces.- Nondestructive Characterization of Polishing Damage in Silicon Wafers Using Modulated Reflectance Mapping.- Measurement of Semiconductor Transport Properties Using Scanned Modulated Reflectance.- Room Temperature Photo-Luminescence Imaging of Dislocations in GaAs Wafers.- 8: Materials Characterization Section A: Properties.- Applications of NDE to the Processing of Metals.- NDE Methods for Determination of Thermal History and Mechanical Properties of Al-Li Alloys.- Nondestructive Characterization of Aluminum Alloys.- Ultrasonic Attenuation Measurement by Backscattering Analysis.- The Effect of Nonspherical Pores and Multiple Scattering on the Ultrasonic Characterization of Porosity.- Ultrasonic Reflection from Rough Surfaces in Water.- Surface Roughness Effects in Porosity Assessment by Ultrasonic Attenuation Spectroscopy.- Ultrasonic NDE of Green-State Ceramics by Focused through Transmission.- The Influence of High Temperature Creep on the Ultrasonic Velocity in Alloy 800H.- Ultrasonic Determination of Recrystallization.- Materials Characterization by Ultrasonic Attenuation Spectral Analysis.- Radiographic Detection of 100 A Thickness Variations in 1-um-Thick Coatings on Submillimeter-Diameter Laser Fusion Targets.- Section B: Acoustoelasticity, Stress, and Texture.- A Comparison of Predictions and Measurements of the Acoustoelastic Response of a Textured Aggregate.- The Role of Texture Development and Dislocations in Acoustoelasticity During Plane Deformation.- The Use of Ultrasonics for Texture Monitoring in Aluminum Alloys.- Influence of Plate Wave Characteristics on the Angular Dependence of Ultrasonic Velocities.- Ultrasonic Separation of Stress and Texture Effects in Polycrystalline Aggregates.- Illustration of Texture with Ultrasonic Pole Figures.- An Ultrasonic Technique for Axial Bolt-Stress Determination.- Measurement of Thermal Stress in Railroad Rails Using Ultrasonic SH Waves.- Ultrasonic Characterization of Residual Stress and Texture in Cast Steel Railroad Wheels.- Ultrasonic Studies of Stresses and Plastic Deformation in Steel During Tension and Compression.- Uniaxial Stress Effects on the Low-Field Magnetoacoustic Interactions in Low and Medium Carbon Steels.- Section C: Cracks and Deformation.- Compressive Stress Effects on the Ultrasonic Detection of Cracks in Welds.- Determining Crack Tip Shielding by Means of Acoustic Transmission and Diffraction Measurements.- Ultrasonic Attenuation as a Trace of Growth of Fatigue Crack in Steels.- Resolution of Closely-Spaced Machining-Damage-Induced Surface Cracks in Ceramics.- Evaluation of Strain-Induced Surface Changes by Optical Correlation.- NDE Positron Study of Cu and Cu-Al Alloys Thermally Charged with Hydrogen and Deformed.- Section D: Ferromagnetic Materials.- On-Line Inspection of Ferromagnetic Materials Using Magnetic NDE Methods.- Residual Leakage Field Modeling.- The Computation of Fields and Signals due to Ferrromagnetic Anomalies.- Magnetomechanical Effect in Iron and Nickel Polycrystals During Cyclic Loading.- Improved Interpretation of the Downhole Casing Inspection Logs for Two Strings of Pipes.- Investigation of the Microstructural Dependence of the Magnetic Properties of 4130 Alloy Steels and Carbon Steels for NDE.- Electromagnetic Nondestructive Evaluation of Surface Decarburization on Steels: Feasibility and Possible Applications.- Section E: Weldments and Bonds.- Ultrasonic Characterization of Diffusion Bonds.- Origin of Spurious Ultrasonic Echoes in Stainless Steel Piping with Weld Overlay.- In-Process Ultrasonic Evaluation of Spot Weld Quality.- Ultrasonic Detection of Weld Bead Geometry..- Sizing Canted Flaws in Weldments Using Low-Frequency EMATS.- Ultrasonic NDE of Tubing Pinch Welds.- Ultrasonic Evaluation and Imaging of Tube Closure Welds.- NDE Characterization of Metallic Interfaces.- Ultrasonic NDE of Integrally Fabricated Turbine Rotors.- Thermal Wave Evaluation of Kapton-Laminated Copper Diffusion Bonds.- Inspection of Bonded Assemblies Using Roller-Type Ultrasonic Probes without Coupling Fluid.- An Ultrasonic F-Scan Inspection Technique for the Detection of Surface Preparation Variances in Adhesively Bonded Structures.- 9: Unified Life Cycle Engineering.- Unified Life Cycle Engineering: An Emerging Design Concept.- Discussion.- Discussion.- Attendees.- Contributors Index.