Greece

Preface ix Acknowledgments xvii 1 Mountains and Sea 1 The Physical Character of Greece 6 Earliest Inhabitants 8 Neolithic Period: Settled Life in Greece 9 Kuria 11 Notes 14 Further Reading 15 2 The Age of Heroes 17 The Role of Islands 19 The Greek Age of Heroes 23 Penelope and Odysseus 26 Notes 29 Further Reading 29 3 End of the Bronze Age: Slow Reshaping 31 The Dark Age 31 Archaic Age: Revival 33 Establishing Classical Greece 35 Hesiod 40 Notes 43 Further Reading 44 4 The Second Age of Heroes: Classical Greece 47 Mediterranean Impact 48 The Golden Age 51 Athens' Rise to Dominance 55 Socrates, Citizen of Athens: Wisest Man in the World? 58 Outcome: The Peloponnesian War 60 Fourth-Century Greece 63 Notes 65 Further Reading 65 5 Incorporation into a Larger State 67 The Northern Neighbor: Macedon 67 Alexander III 71 Alexander's Successors 74 The Greatest of Kings: Philip II 81 Notes 85 Further Reading 86 6 Graecia Capta: Roman Control 89 Roman Administration 94 Life in the Province of Achaea 97 Polybius: A Greek Captive Praises Rome 102 Notes 106 Further Reading 106 7 Power Returns to Greece: The Byzantine Empire 109 Separation from Rome 110 Restoration of Order 112 Decline 116 The Byzantine Greek World 117 Administration 119 Economic Health 121 Byzantine Culture 122 Anna Comnena: Daughter of the Emperor and Historian of Byzantium 125 Notes 127 Further Reading 128 8 Ottoman Greece: 1453-1821 129 Ottoman Control of Greece 132 Eighteenth Century 137 Those Who Said "No" 140 Theodore Kolokotronis 140 Adamantios Korais 142 Rigas Velestinlis (Pheraios) 143 Notes 144 Further Reading 145 9 Building a New State: 1821-1935 147 Enter Otto I 153 1862-1913 156 Eleftherios Venizelos, 1864-1936 158 1922-1935 162 Notes 163 Further Reading 163 10 A Player in the Modern World: 1935 to Present 165 Resistance Fighters 168 1944-1952 169 1952 to Present 171 Greece in the New World Order 176 Constantine and Costas Karamanlis 179 Notes 182 Further Reading 182 11 Conclusion: Past and Present 185 Notes 191 Further Reading 191 Chronology: Major Ages of Greek History 193 Index 195