Physics of Semiconductor Devices

Introduction 1 Part I Semiconductor Physics Chapter 1 Physics and Properties of Semiconductors--A Review 7 1.1 Introduction, 7 1.2 Crystal Structure, 8 1.3 Energy Bands and Energy Gap, 11 1.4 Carrier Concentration at Thermal Equilibrium, 15 1.5 Carrier-Transport Phenomena, 26 1.6 Phonon, Optical, and Thermal Properties, 47 1.7 Heterojunctions and Nanostructures, 52 1.8 Basic Equations and Examples, 60 Part II Device Building Blocks Chapter 2 p-n Junctions 79 2.1 Introduction, 79 2.2 Depletion Region, 80 2.3 Current-Voltage Characteristics, 91 2.4 Junction Breakdown, 102 2.5 Transient Behavior and Noise, 115 2.6 Terminal Functions, 119 2.7 Heterojunctions, 126 Chapter 3 Metal-Semiconductor Contacts 136 3.1 Introduction, 136 3.2 Formation of Barrier, 137 3.3 Current Transport Processes, 155 3.4 Measurement of Barrier Height, 173 3.5 Device Structures, 183 3.6 Ohmic Contact, 190 Chapter 4 Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor Capacitors 200 4.1 Introduction, 200 4.2 Ideal MIS Capacitor, 201 4.3 Silicon MOS Capacitor, 214 4.4 Carrier Transport in MOS Capacitor, 241 Part III Transistors Chapter 5 Bipolar Transistors 263 5.1 Introduction, 263 5.2 Static Characteristics, 264 5.3 Compact Models of Bipolar Transistors, 283 5.4 Microwave Characteristics, 293 5.5 Related Device Structures, 306 5.6 Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor, 312 5.7 Self-Heating Effects, 318 Chapter 6 MOSFETs 329 6.1 Introduction, 329 6.2 Basic Device Characteristics, 334 6.3 Nonuniform Doping and Buried-Channel Device, 360 6.4 Device Scaling and Short-Channel Effects, 373 6.5 MOSFET Structures, 391 6.6 Circuit Applications, 403 6.7 NCFET and TFET, 408 6.8 Single-Electron Transistor, 414 Chapter 7 Nonvolatile Memory Devices 434 7.1 Introduction, 434 7.2 The Concept of Floating Gate, 435 7.3 Device Structures, 440 7.4 Compact Model of Floating-Gate Memory Cells, 447 7.5 Multi-Level Cells and 3-Dimensional Structures, 450 7.6 Applications and Scaling Challenges, 463 7.7 Alternative Structures, 467 Chapter 8 JFETs, MESFETs, and MODFETs 486 8.1 Introduction, 486 8.2 JFET and MESFET, 487 8.3 MODFET, 511 Part IV Negative-Resistance and Power Devices Chapter 9 Tunnel Devices 539 9.1 Introduction, 539 9.2 Tunnel Diode, 540 9.3 Related Tunnel Devices, 554 9.4 Resonant-Tunneling Diode, 571 Chapter 10 IMPATT Diodes, TED and RST Devices 585 10.1 Introduction, 585 10.2 IMPATT Diodes, 586 10.3 Transferred-Electron Devices, 616 10.4 Real-Space-Transfer Devices, 636 Chapter 11 Thyristors and Power Devices 649 11.1 Introduction, 649 11.2 Thyristor Characteristics, 650 11.3 Thyristor Variations, 670 11.4 Other Power Devices, 676 Part V Photonic Devices and Sensors Chapter 12 LEDs and Lasers 697 12.1 Introduction, 697 12.2 Radiative Transitions, 698 12.3 Light-Emitting Diode (LED), 703 12.4 Laser Physics, 715 12.5 Laser Operating Characteristics, 723 12.6 Specialty Lasers, 742 Chapter 13 Photodetectors and Solar Cells 755 13.1 Introduction, 755 13.2 Photoconductor, 759 13.3 Photodiodes, 762 13.4 Avalanche Photodiode, 772 13.5 Phototransistor, 782 13.6 Charge-Coupled Device (CCD), 785 13.7 Metal-Semiconductor-Metal Photodetector, 799 13.8 Quantum-Well Infrared Photodetector (QWIP), 802 13.9 Solar Cell, 806 Chapter 14 Sensors 835 14.1 Introduction, 835 14.2 Thermal Sensors, 837 14.3 Mechanical Sensors, 843 14.4 Magnetic Sensors, 852 14.5 Chemical Sensors, 862 14.6 Biosensors, 867 Appendixes 875 A. List of Symbols, 877 B. International System of Units, 887 C. Unit Prefixes, 888 D. Greek Alphabet, 889 E. Physical Constants, 890 F. Properties of Important Semiconductors, 891 G. The Bloch Theorem and the Periodic Energy in the Reciprocal Lattice, 892 H. Properties of Si and GaAs, 894 I. The Derivations of Boltzmann Transport Equation and Hydrodynamic Model, 895 J. Properties of SiO2 and Si3N4, 901 K. Compact Models of Bipolar Transistors, 902 L. Discovery of the Floating-Gate Memory Effect, 910 Index 913