Land, Development and Design
2nd Edition
Published on 24. September 2010
Book
Paperback/Softback
344 pages
978-1-4051-9853-0 (ISBN)
Description
Development of brownfield land can address shortfalls in the availability of land for housing and other buildings, but these sites present a range of problems that must be overcome in any successful development. Land, Development and Design addresses all of the issues in the context of the reuse of urban land, providing a solid, readable overview of the principles and practice of the regeneration of brownfield sites. Divided into four parts, covering the development process and planning policies; site assessment, risk analysis and remediation of contaminated land; development issues and finally design issues, the principal focus of the book is on the reuse of urban land. It includes a full discussion of contaminated land, so that readers are aware of the issues and options available to resolve this problem.
Land, Development and Design has been extensively revised since its first edition and provides final year undergraduate and postgraduate students of both planning and surveying, as well as professional planners, surveyors and developers, a solid and readable overview of the principles and practice of regeneration of the built environment.
Land, Development and Design has been extensively revised since its first edition and provides final year undergraduate and postgraduate students of both planning and surveying, as well as professional planners, surveyors and developers, a solid and readable overview of the principles and practice of regeneration of the built environment.
More details
Edition
2nd edition
Language
English
Place of publication
Hoboken
United Kingdom
Publishing group
John Wiley and Sons Ltd
Target group
Professional and scholarly
Product notice
Paperback (trade)
Unsewn / adhesive bound
Dimensions
Height: 244 mm
Width: 170 mm
Thickness: 19 mm
Weight
595 gr
ISBN-13
978-1-4051-9853-0 (9781405198530)
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Classification
Other editions
Additional editions
Paul Syms
Land, Development and Design
E-Book
08/2010
2nd Edition
Wiley-Blackwell
€68.99
Available for download
Person
Paul Syms is an Honorary Professor in the Department of Planning and Landscape at the University of Manchester and a Fellow of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors. A Chartered Planning and Development Surveyor by profession he was, between 2004 and 2008, Director of National Brownfield Strategy and National Brownfield Advisor to English Partnerships and the Department for Communities and Local Government (formerly Office of the Deputy Prime Minister). Prior to this he was Professor of Urban Land Use at Sheffield Hallam University.
Content
Author Biography x
Preface to First Edition xi
Preface to Second Edition xiv
Part One Planning and Development 1
1 The Development Process 3
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 The phases of redevelopment 6
Preparation 6
1.2.1 Phase 1 - Project inception 6
1.2.2 Phase 2 - Feasibility assessment 7
1.2.3 Phase 3 - Site assessment 8
Options 9
1.2.4 Phase 4 - Options assessment 9
1.2.5 Phase 5 - Working design of the preferred option 10
Design 12
1.2.6 Phase 6 - Detailed design 12
1.2.7 Phase 7 - Regulatory and planning 13
1.2.8 Phase 8 - Legal, property and funding 14
Delivery 15
1.2.9 Phase 9 - Financial appraisal 15
1.2.10 Phase 10 - Works procurement and execution 18
1.2.11 Phase 11 - Sales and marketing 19
1.3 The 2008-9 'credit crunch' and its impact on property markets 20
1.4 Summary 21
2 Planning Policies and Development 23
2.1 Introduction 23
2.2 Planning policy statements and guidance notes 24
2.3 The Urban task force and the urban white paper 27
2.4 Urban land-use policies and the national brownfield strategy for England 30
2.5 The housing green paper and land for housing 39
2.6 The london brownfield sites review 41
2.7 Summary 43
2.8 Checklist 44
3 Project Inception, Developers and Feasibility 45
3.1 Introduction 45
3.2 Recession and property values 46
3.3 Land for development 49
3.3.1 Residential development 51
3.3.2 Commercial development 52
3.4 Assessing the market potential 54
3.4.1 Market research 56
3.4.2 Using the tools to assess market potential 59
3.5 Forecasting rents and prices 63
3.6 Summary 64
3.7 Checklist 65
Part Two Land 73
4 Site Assembly, Investigation and Assessment 75
4.1 Introduction 75
4.2 Site assembly 78
4.3 The historical study 79
4.3.1 A practical example 82
4.3.2 Maps, scales and other sources of information 93
4.3.3 Reporting the historical study 95
4.4 Walk-over survey 96
4.5 Intrusive and other forms of site investigation 101
4.5.1 Sampling strategies 103
4.5.2 Laboratory analysis 107
4.6 The final report 108
4.7 Summary 111
4.8 Checklist 111
5 Environment and Ecological Considerations 112
5.1 Introduction 112
5.2 Natural colonisation of brownfield land 112
5.3 Environmental assessment 115
5.4 The importance of landscape 117
5.5 Soils and substrates: the platform for development 118
5.6 Biodiversity of previously developed land 121
5.7 Policy and legislative framework for biodiversity conservation 123
5.8 Ecological surveys and the formation of new habitats 125
5.9 Land and development in a changing climate 129
5.10 The response to climate change 131
5.11 Summary 135
5.12 Checklist 135
6 Heritage and Archaeology 137
6.1 Introduction 137
6.2 Conservation policies and guidance 137
6.3 Planning and the historic environment 141
6.4 Archaeology and redevelopment 143
6.5 Summary 144
6.6 Checklist 144
7 Community Involvement in Tackling Blight and Dereliction 146
7.1 Introduction 146
7.2 Economic and visual blight 146
7.3 The benefits of removing blight 149
7.4 Skills 158
7.5 Summary 160
7.6 Checklist 160
8 Contaminated Soil and Remediation Methods 162
8.1 Introduction 162
8.2 European Directives and UK legislation 163
8.3 Removal and containment 167
8.4 In situ and ex situ treatments 169
8.5 The costs of dealing with contamination and dereliction 173
8.6 Tackling small sites 175
8.7 Land with no development value 177
8.8 Summary 179
8.9 Checklist 179
Part Three Development 181
9 Valuation of Damaged and Restored Land 183
9.1 Introduction 183
9.2 Valuation approaches 184
9.3 'Stigma' or taking account of 'intangibles' 188
9.4 Applying valuation theories in practice 195
9.5 Reporting contamination and other damage to land 199
9.6 Summary 200
9.7 Checklist 201
10 Urban Extensions, Infrastructure and Eco-towns 202
10.1 Introduction 202
10.2 Sustainable urban extensions 204
10.3 Infrastructure 205
10.4 Eco-towns 209
10.5 Summary 214
10.6 Checklist 214
11 Development Finance 215
11.1 Introduction 215
11.2 Financial appraisals 216
11.2.1 Institutional leases and investment yields 217
11.2.2 Viability of the project 218
11.3 Financing a new development 219
11.3.1 Creditworthiness 219
11.3.2 Costs of finance 220
11.4 Types of finance 221
11.4.1 Debt financing 221
11.4.2 Equity financing 223
11.4.3 Mezzanine finance 223
11.5 Joint ventures and Special Purpose Vehicles 224
11.6 Forward sales and rental guarantees 225
11.7 Public-sector finance 226
11.8 Summary 228
11.9 Checklist 229
Part Four Design 231
12 Public Realm and Managing Land for Public Benefit 233
12.1 Introduction 233
12.2 Planning for quality public spaces 234
12.2.1 Design and upkeep of buildings and spaces 237
12.2.2 Green space and green infrastructure 237
12.2.3 Treatment of historic buildings and places 238
12.2.4 World-class Places - Action Plan 239
12.3 Urban and rural waterfronts as public spaces 242
12.4 The economic value of urban design 244
12.5 Summary 251
12.6 Checklist 251
13 Designing out Crime 252
13.1 Introduction 252
13.2 The basis for crime preventative design 252
13.3 The role of the local authority in promoting design-based approaches to reducing crime 253
13.4 Advice on crime preventative design: an outline of UK guidance 255
13.5 Case studies in crime preventative design 257
13.5.1 Wharf Close, Manchester 258
13.5.2 Residential development and car park, Sale 262
13.5.3 Comparisons between the case studies 266
13.6 New developments and crime 267
13.7 Summary 269
13.8 Checklist 269
14 Design Standards for Residential and Commercial Developments 271
14.1 Introduction 271
14.2 Urban design, smart growth and new urbanism 271
14.3 Design codes 275
14.4 Modern methods of construction (MMC) and zero-carbon homes 280
14.4.1 Modern methods of construction 280
14.4.2 Zero-carbon homes 281
14.5 Development densities and the Code for Sustainable Homes 282
14.5.1 Development densities 282
14.5.2 Code for Sustainable Homes 284
14.5.3 Lifetime homes 287
14.6 Achieving quality in commercial development 290
14.6.1 BRE Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) 290
14.6.2 Design Quality Indicator (DQI) 290
14.7 Summary 291
14.8 Checklist 291
15 Planning for the Future 293
15.1 Introduction 293
15.2 Planning and development 295
15.3 Land 296
15.4 Development 297
15.5 Design 299
15.6 Conclusion 300
References 302
Further Reading 317
Web Links 319
Index 321
Preface to First Edition xi
Preface to Second Edition xiv
Part One Planning and Development 1
1 The Development Process 3
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 The phases of redevelopment 6
Preparation 6
1.2.1 Phase 1 - Project inception 6
1.2.2 Phase 2 - Feasibility assessment 7
1.2.3 Phase 3 - Site assessment 8
Options 9
1.2.4 Phase 4 - Options assessment 9
1.2.5 Phase 5 - Working design of the preferred option 10
Design 12
1.2.6 Phase 6 - Detailed design 12
1.2.7 Phase 7 - Regulatory and planning 13
1.2.8 Phase 8 - Legal, property and funding 14
Delivery 15
1.2.9 Phase 9 - Financial appraisal 15
1.2.10 Phase 10 - Works procurement and execution 18
1.2.11 Phase 11 - Sales and marketing 19
1.3 The 2008-9 'credit crunch' and its impact on property markets 20
1.4 Summary 21
2 Planning Policies and Development 23
2.1 Introduction 23
2.2 Planning policy statements and guidance notes 24
2.3 The Urban task force and the urban white paper 27
2.4 Urban land-use policies and the national brownfield strategy for England 30
2.5 The housing green paper and land for housing 39
2.6 The london brownfield sites review 41
2.7 Summary 43
2.8 Checklist 44
3 Project Inception, Developers and Feasibility 45
3.1 Introduction 45
3.2 Recession and property values 46
3.3 Land for development 49
3.3.1 Residential development 51
3.3.2 Commercial development 52
3.4 Assessing the market potential 54
3.4.1 Market research 56
3.4.2 Using the tools to assess market potential 59
3.5 Forecasting rents and prices 63
3.6 Summary 64
3.7 Checklist 65
Part Two Land 73
4 Site Assembly, Investigation and Assessment 75
4.1 Introduction 75
4.2 Site assembly 78
4.3 The historical study 79
4.3.1 A practical example 82
4.3.2 Maps, scales and other sources of information 93
4.3.3 Reporting the historical study 95
4.4 Walk-over survey 96
4.5 Intrusive and other forms of site investigation 101
4.5.1 Sampling strategies 103
4.5.2 Laboratory analysis 107
4.6 The final report 108
4.7 Summary 111
4.8 Checklist 111
5 Environment and Ecological Considerations 112
5.1 Introduction 112
5.2 Natural colonisation of brownfield land 112
5.3 Environmental assessment 115
5.4 The importance of landscape 117
5.5 Soils and substrates: the platform for development 118
5.6 Biodiversity of previously developed land 121
5.7 Policy and legislative framework for biodiversity conservation 123
5.8 Ecological surveys and the formation of new habitats 125
5.9 Land and development in a changing climate 129
5.10 The response to climate change 131
5.11 Summary 135
5.12 Checklist 135
6 Heritage and Archaeology 137
6.1 Introduction 137
6.2 Conservation policies and guidance 137
6.3 Planning and the historic environment 141
6.4 Archaeology and redevelopment 143
6.5 Summary 144
6.6 Checklist 144
7 Community Involvement in Tackling Blight and Dereliction 146
7.1 Introduction 146
7.2 Economic and visual blight 146
7.3 The benefits of removing blight 149
7.4 Skills 158
7.5 Summary 160
7.6 Checklist 160
8 Contaminated Soil and Remediation Methods 162
8.1 Introduction 162
8.2 European Directives and UK legislation 163
8.3 Removal and containment 167
8.4 In situ and ex situ treatments 169
8.5 The costs of dealing with contamination and dereliction 173
8.6 Tackling small sites 175
8.7 Land with no development value 177
8.8 Summary 179
8.9 Checklist 179
Part Three Development 181
9 Valuation of Damaged and Restored Land 183
9.1 Introduction 183
9.2 Valuation approaches 184
9.3 'Stigma' or taking account of 'intangibles' 188
9.4 Applying valuation theories in practice 195
9.5 Reporting contamination and other damage to land 199
9.6 Summary 200
9.7 Checklist 201
10 Urban Extensions, Infrastructure and Eco-towns 202
10.1 Introduction 202
10.2 Sustainable urban extensions 204
10.3 Infrastructure 205
10.4 Eco-towns 209
10.5 Summary 214
10.6 Checklist 214
11 Development Finance 215
11.1 Introduction 215
11.2 Financial appraisals 216
11.2.1 Institutional leases and investment yields 217
11.2.2 Viability of the project 218
11.3 Financing a new development 219
11.3.1 Creditworthiness 219
11.3.2 Costs of finance 220
11.4 Types of finance 221
11.4.1 Debt financing 221
11.4.2 Equity financing 223
11.4.3 Mezzanine finance 223
11.5 Joint ventures and Special Purpose Vehicles 224
11.6 Forward sales and rental guarantees 225
11.7 Public-sector finance 226
11.8 Summary 228
11.9 Checklist 229
Part Four Design 231
12 Public Realm and Managing Land for Public Benefit 233
12.1 Introduction 233
12.2 Planning for quality public spaces 234
12.2.1 Design and upkeep of buildings and spaces 237
12.2.2 Green space and green infrastructure 237
12.2.3 Treatment of historic buildings and places 238
12.2.4 World-class Places - Action Plan 239
12.3 Urban and rural waterfronts as public spaces 242
12.4 The economic value of urban design 244
12.5 Summary 251
12.6 Checklist 251
13 Designing out Crime 252
13.1 Introduction 252
13.2 The basis for crime preventative design 252
13.3 The role of the local authority in promoting design-based approaches to reducing crime 253
13.4 Advice on crime preventative design: an outline of UK guidance 255
13.5 Case studies in crime preventative design 257
13.5.1 Wharf Close, Manchester 258
13.5.2 Residential development and car park, Sale 262
13.5.3 Comparisons between the case studies 266
13.6 New developments and crime 267
13.7 Summary 269
13.8 Checklist 269
14 Design Standards for Residential and Commercial Developments 271
14.1 Introduction 271
14.2 Urban design, smart growth and new urbanism 271
14.3 Design codes 275
14.4 Modern methods of construction (MMC) and zero-carbon homes 280
14.4.1 Modern methods of construction 280
14.4.2 Zero-carbon homes 281
14.5 Development densities and the Code for Sustainable Homes 282
14.5.1 Development densities 282
14.5.2 Code for Sustainable Homes 284
14.5.3 Lifetime homes 287
14.6 Achieving quality in commercial development 290
14.6.1 BRE Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) 290
14.6.2 Design Quality Indicator (DQI) 290
14.7 Summary 291
14.8 Checklist 291
15 Planning for the Future 293
15.1 Introduction 293
15.2 Planning and development 295
15.3 Land 296
15.4 Development 297
15.5 Design 299
15.6 Conclusion 300
References 302
Further Reading 317
Web Links 319
Index 321