Criminal Investigation

Preface In Appreciation Visual Walkthrough Part 1. Introduction to Investigation 1. The Evolution of Criminal Investigation and Criminalistics Introduction The Evolution of Criminal Investigation Historical Milestones of Criminalistics The Recent Past: Institutional and System Initiatives Key Terms/Review Questions/Internet Activities/Notes 2. Legal Aspects of Investigation Introduction The Bill of Rights and the States Arrest Search and Seizure Key Terms/Review Questions/Internet Activities/Notes Part 2. The Investigative Process 3. Investigators, the Investigative Process, and the Crime Scene Introduction Types of Offenses The Investigator and the Importance of Investigation Organization of the Investigative Process Types of Crime Scenes Organization of the Crime Scene Investigation Types of Evidence Typical Crime Scene Problems Rules for the Crime Scene Investigator Crime Scene Safety Issues The Crime Scene Search Suspended Searches, Debriefing, and Release of the Scene Underwater Crime Investigation Collection and Care of Evidence Visual Documentation of the Crime Scene Submission of Evidence to the Laboratory Generally Key Terms/Review Questions/Internet Activities/Notes 4. Physical Evidence Introduction Class versus Individual Characteristics Soil and Pollen Footwear, Feet, and Tires: Prints and Impressions Paint Glass Lamp Filament Analysis Fibers, Cloth Fragments, and Impressions String, Cord, and Rope Fingerprints Dental Evidence Hair Blood Lip Cosmetics and Lip Prints Firearms Tool Marks Questioned Documents Key Terms/Review Questions/Internet Activities/Notes 5. Interviewing and Interrogation Introduction Objectives of Interviewing and Interrogation Interviews and Interrogation: Similarities and Differences Qualifications of Interviewers and Interrogators Time, Place, and Setting of the Interview Preparation for the Interview or Interrogation Witnesses: Motivations, Perceptions, and Barriers The Reliability of Eyewitness Identification Hypnosis as an Investigative Tool Time, Place, and Setting of the Interrogation Interviewing Processes Interviewing Techniques Why People Confess Preinterrogation Legal Requirements In-Custody Interrogation The Interrogation Process Interrogation Techniques and Approaches Technological Aid The Importance of Listening Documenting the Interview Documenting the Interrogation Admissibility of Confessions and Admissions The Delay-in-Arraignment Rule Key Terms/Review Questions/Internet Activities/Notes 6. Field Notes and Reporting Introduction Field Notes The Six Interrogatory and Basic Investigative Questions Incident Reports Writing Effective Reports The Follow-Up Investigation and Supplemental Reports Key Terms/Review Questions/In ternet Activities/Notes 7. The Follow-Up Investigation and Investigative Resources Introduction The Decision to Initiate a Follow-Up Investigation The Follow-Up Investigation Process Guidelines for Conducting Photo and Live Lineups Special Techniques and Resources Intelligence Units and Analytical Technologies The Intelligence/Analytical Cycle Analytical and Investigative Tools National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime Combined DNA Index System The Internet Key Terms/Review Questions/Internet Activities/Notes 8. The Crime Laboratory Introduction Crime Laboratories Measures of Crime Laboratory Effectiveness Technologies Handling Evidence in the Laboratory ATF Forensic Science Laboratories The FBI Crime Laboratory Problems in Crime Laboratories Crime Scene Reconstruction Key Terms/Review Questions/Internet Activities/Notes Part 3. Crimes Against Persons 9. Injury and Death Investigation Introduction The Law Motivational Models for Classification of Homicide Responding to the Scene Arriving at the Scene Establishing a Chain of Custody Investigative Tolls and Equipment The Medico-Legal Examination The Autopsy Estimating Time of Death Forensic Entomology Evidence from Wounds Suicide Fire Deaths Serial Murder Opening a Cold Case Murder Investigation Key Terms/Review Questions/Internet Activities/Notes 10. Sex-Related Offenses Introduction Classification of Sex Offenses Sex-Related Investigations Why Women Do Not Report Rape to the Police False Rape Allegations The Victim and Physical Evidence Condom Trace Evidence Record of Injuries Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assault Autoerotic Deaths/Sexual Asphyxia Establishing a Cold Case Team for Sex Crimes Key Terms/Review Questions/Internet Activities/Notes 11. Crimes Against Children Introduction Assaults against Children Burn Injuries and Child Abuse Shaken-Baby Syndrome Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy Child Molestation Child Pornography Incest Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Infant Abduction Sex-Offender Registration Crime in Schools Key Terms/Review Questions/Internet Activities/Notes 12.Robbery Introduction Elements of the Crime Overview: The Offense, the Victim, and the Offender Typology of Robberies Responding to the Scene Follow-Up Robbery Investigative Procedures The Team Approach to Follow-Up Investigations The Use of Decoys The Crime Scene Technician and the Laboratory The Investigator's Educational Responsibility Key Terms/Review Questions/Internet Activities/Notes Part 4. Crimes Against Property 13. Burglary Introduction The Offense and Offenders The Law Approaching the Scene and Initial Actions Investigative Considerations at the Scene Surreptitious Entries Safe Burglaries ATM Attacks Residential Burglary Car, RV, and Trailer Burglaries Investigating Criminal Fences and Other Outlets for Stolen Property The Invesigator's Crime Prevention Role Key Terms/Review Questions/Internet Activities/Notes 14. White-Collar Crime and Larceny Introduction Identity Theft and Follow-On Crimes Credit Card Fraud Check Fraud Counterfeiting Frauds, Scams, and Cons Money Laundering Security and Investment Fraud Telephone and Pager Scams Telemarketing and Postal Frauds Larceny Key Terms/Review Questions/Internet Activities/Notes 15. Vehicle Thefts and Related Offenses Introduction Auto Theft Types of Theft Methods of Operation--The Professional Theft of Heavy Construction Equipment and Farm Equipment Commercial-Vehicle and Cargo Theft Prevention Programs Car Rentals Heavy Equipment and Farm Equipment Odometer Fraud Marine Theft Aircraft and Avionics Theft Key Terms/Review Questions/Internet Activities/Notes 16. Computer Crime Introduction Typologies of Computer Crime The Tools of Computer Crime Responding to Computer Crime Problems Responding to Computer Crime Developing Computer Crime Investigators Tools for Computer Crime Investigation Digital Forensics Key Terms/Review Questions/Internet Activities/Notes 17. Agricultural, Wildlife, and Environmental Crimes Introduction Agricultural Crime and Its City Connection Dimensions of Agricultural, Wildlife, and Environmental Crimes Timber Theft Theft of Agrichemicals Livestock and Tack Theft Livestock Identification Physical Evidence Crime Prevention Methods Wildlife Crimes Environmental Crime Key Terms/Review Questions/Internet Activities/Notes 18. Arson and Explosives Introduction Preliminary Investigation Where and How Did the Fire Start? Burn Indications Fire Setting and Related Mechanisms Arson for Profit Other Motives for Arson Detection and Recovery of Fire-Accelerant Residues Scientific Methods in Arson Investigation Interviews The Arson Suspect Photographing the Arson Sense Explosives Investigation Bomb Threats Suspicious Packages and Letters Key Terms/Review Questions/Internet Activities/Notes Part 5. Drugs, Terrorism, and Homeland Security 19. Recognition, Control, and Investigation of Drug Abuse Introduction Drug and Scheduling Opiates Synthetic Narcotics Stimulants Depressants Speedballing Hallucinogens Cannabis Inhalants Major Countries of Origin and Trafficking Patterns Drug Investigations Confidential Informants Searches, Seizures, and Warrants Clandestine Drug Laboratories Conspiracy Investigations Gangs and Drugs Key Terms/Review Questions/Internet Activities/Notes 20.Terrorism Introduction International Terrorism Domestic Terrorism Financing Terrorist Organizations National Counterterrorism Intelligence Structures Terrorist Crime Scenes Terrorism and the Future Key Terms/Review Questions/Internet Activities/Notes Part 6. Conclusion 21. The Trial Process and the Investigator as a Witness Introduction Evaluating a Case The Trial Process The Rules of Evidence Witnesses Key Terms/Review Questions/Internet Activities/Notes Glossary Index