Advances in Heat Transfer Engineering

This book contains the Proceedings of the Fourth Baltic Heat Transfer Conference, which was held in the Lithuanian Energy Institute in Kaunas, Lithuania, August 25-27, 2003. The Conference was organized by the Lithuanian Energy Institute and Kaunas University of Technology on initiative of the Scientific and Organizing Committee of the Baltic Heat Transfer Conferences. The former three conferences look place in Göteborg, Sweden in August 1991, in Riga-Jurmala, Latvia in August 1995 and in Gdansk, Poland in September 1999. Adding to what has already said, there in a hope that the International Baltic Heat Transfer Conference Series it will be organized further. The objective of the Baltic Heal Transfer Conference Series is to bring together researchers and practicing engineers in the field of heat transfer, primarily those active in the countries bordering the Baltic Sea, i.e. Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Russia and Sweden. Participation, however, is open to all other countries. In this Conference participating representatives were from Byelorussia, Slovenia, United Kingdom, USA and other countries. This Conference had one particular feature - two lectures were devoted to commemoration of the prominent scientist and founder of the Lithuanian heat transfer research school, Academician of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences Professor Algirdas Zukauskas. These lectures were dedicated to mark his 80th Birthday. Prof. A. Zukauskas together with other scientists of the Baltic countries was active initiator of the Baltic Heat Transfer Conferences. An attempt has been made to use an unified outline and methods of presentation for each paper. The contributed papers are grouped in appropriate sections to provide better access for readers. The book begins with eleven invited keynote lectures presented during the Conference. These papers cover a broad spectrum of topics ranging from experimental investigations of complex fundamental aspects of heat transfer to studies of practical problems and their applications. We are grateful to the members of the International and National Committees and the reviewers for their assistance in the evaluation and selection of the submitted papers. The sponsorship provided by some Lithuanian energy companies, departments, foundations and other organizations contributed to the success of the Conference and it is gratefully acknowledged. They are presented in the sixth page of the introductory part of the book. Finally, we greatly appreciate the cooperation provided by Begell House Inc. and for producing this volume and distribution outside the Lithuania.