Basics of Acupuncture

1 Introduction.- Growth of Clinical Acupuncture in the West.- 2 Scientific Basis of Acupuncture.- 2.1 Acupuncture Analgesia (Basic Research).- 2.1.1 Neural Mechanisms of Acupuncture Analgesia.- 2.1.2 Evidence for Endorphins and Acupuncture Analgesia.- 2.1.3 Evidence for Midbrain Monoamines and Acupuncture Analgesia.- 2.1.4 Evidence for Pituitary Hypothalamic System and Acupuncture Analgesia.- 2.1.5 Conclusions.- 2.2 Acupuncture Analgesia for Chronic Pain.- 2.3 Drug Addiction.- 2.4 Nerve Regeneration, Cardiovascular, Antiemetic and Urogenital Effects of Acupuncture.- 2.5 Acupuncture Points (Do They Really Exist?).- 2.5.1 Does Needling at True Points Work Better Than Needling at Sham Points?.- 2.5.2 Are There Unique Anatomical Structures at Acupuncture Points?.- 2.5.3 Do Acupuncture Points Have Unique Physiological Features?.- 2.5.4 What Nerves Are Activated by Acupuncture?.- 3 Background and Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine.- 3.1 Tao, Yin, and Yang.- 3.2 The Vital Energy, Life Force: Qi.- 3.3 Pathogenesis of Chinese Medicine.- 3.4 The System of Five Phases.- 3.5 Diagnosis in Traditional Chinese Medicine.- 4 Channels, Organs, and Points.- 4.1 System of Channels and Organs.- 4.2 Point Categories.- 4.2.1 Shu Points or Transport Points.- 4.2.2 Mu or Alarm Points.- 4.2.3 Influential Points, Hui Xue.- 4.2.4 Xi-Cleft Points.- 4.2.5 Five Shu Points.- 4.2.6 Tonification Point.- 4.2.7 Sedative Point.- 4.2.8 Jing Well Point.- 4.2.9 Ying Point.- 4.2.10 Yuan Source Point.- 4.2.11 Jing Point.- 4.2.12 He Sea Point.- 4.2.13 Luo Connecting Point.- 4.2.14 Confluent Points.- 4.3 Methods of Point Location.- 4.4 Description of Channels and Points.- 4.4.1 Lung Channel.- 4.4.2 Large Intestine Channel.- 4.4.3 Stomach Channel.- 4.4.4 Spleen Channel.- 4.4.5 Heart Channel.- 4.4.6 Small Intestine Channel.- 4.4.7 Urinary Bladder Channel.- 4.4.8 Kidney Channel.- 4.4.9 Pericardium Channel.- 4.4.10 Sanjiao Channel.- 4.4.11 Gallbladder Channel.- 4.4.12 Liver Channel.- 4.4.13 Du Mai.- 4.4.14 Ren Mai.- 4.4.15 Extra Points.- 5 Technique of Acupuncture.- 5.1 Acupuncture Needles.- 5.2 De Qi Sensation.- 5.3 Tonifying and Sedating Methods of Stimulation.- 5.4 Sterilization of the Needles.- 5.5 Complications of Acupuncture Treatment.- 5.6 Moxibustion.- 5.7 Acupressure.- 5.8 Laser Acupuncture.- 6 Acupuncture Treatment.- 6.1 Principles of Acupuncture and Rules of Point Selection.- 6.2 Locomotor Disorders.- 6.2.1 Cervical Spondylitis, Torticollis, Rheumatoid Arthritis.- 6.2.2 Intercostal Neuralgia, Trauma of the Thorax, Ankylosing Spondylitis, Zoster Neuralgia.- 6.2.3 Sciatica, Lumbar Pain.- 6.2.4 Periarthritis Humeroscapularis, Frozen Shoulder.- 6.2.5 Epicondylitis, Tennis Elbow.- 6.2.6 Coxarthrosis, Coxarthritis.- 6.2.7 Gonarthrosis, Pain in the Knee Joint.- 6.2.8 Rheumatoid Arthritis.- 6.3 Respiratory Disorders.- 6.3.1 Common Cold.- 6.3.2 Maxillary Sinusitis.- 6.3.3 Frontal Sinusitis.- 6.3.4 Chronic Bronchitis.- 6.3.5 Bronchial Asthma.- 6.4 Cardiovascular Disorders.- 6.4.1 Coronary Heart Disease with Angina Pectoris.- 6.4.2 Cardiac Neurosis.- 6.4.3 Exhaustion Conditions in Heart Disease.- 6.4.4 Hypertension.- 6.4.5 Hypotension.- 6.4.6 Disturbances of Peripheral Blood Supply.- 6.5 Gastroenterological Disorders.- 6.5.1 Gastritis, Gastroenteritis.- 6.5.2 Gastric and Duodenal Ulcers.- 6.5.3 Diarrhea.- 6.5.4 Irritable Bowel Disease.- 6.5.5 Constipation.- 6.5.6 Cholangitis, Cholecystitis, Biliary Dyskinesia, Biliary Colic.- 6.6 Mental Disturbances and Illnesses.- 6.6.1 Depression.- 6.6.2 Exhaustion Conditions.- 6.6.3 Agitation.- 6.6.4 Sleep Disturbances.- 6.6.5 Drug Addiction.- 6.6.6 Alcohol Addiction.- 6.6.7 Nicotine Addiction.- 6.6.8 Overweight, Weight Loss.- 6.7 Neurological Disorders.- 6.7.1 Headache and Migraine.- 6.7.2 Trigeminal Neuralgia.- 6.7.3 Hemiparesis.- 6.7.4 Facial Paresis.- 6.7.5 Epilepsy.- 6.8 Gynecological Disorders.- 6.8.1 Dysmenorrhea.- 6.8.2 Pain Caused by Gynecological Tumors.- 6.8.3 Analgesia During Childbirth.- 6.9 Urological Disorders.- 6.9.1 Pyelonephritis, Urinary Infections, Chronic Glomerulonephritis.- 6.9.2 Prostatitis, Psychogenic Urological Symptoms.- 6.9.3 Enuresis.- 6.10 Skin Disorders.- 6.10.1 Acne Vulgaris.- 6.10.2 Leg Ulcers, Deficient Wound Healing.- 6.10.3 Eczema, Neurodermatitis.- 6.10.4 Psoriasis.- 6.10.5 Herpes Simplex.- 6.11 Disorders of the Sense Organs.- 6.11.1 Deafness.- 6.11.2 Tinnitus.- 6.11.3 Meniere's Syndrome, Dizziness, Motion Sickness, Labyrinthitis.- 6.11.4 Chronic Conjunctivitis.- 6.11.5 Visual Deficiency.- 6.12 Acute Disorders and Emergencies.- 6.12.1 Fainting, Collapse.- 6.12.2 Epileptic Fits, Grand Mai.- 6.12.3 Acutely Painful Conditions.- 7 Electroacupuncture and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation.- 7.1 Electroacupuncture.- 7.2 Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation, TENS.- 7.3 Acupuncture-like TENS Differs from Conventional TENS.- 7.4 Habituation to Monotonous Stimuli.- 8 Traditional Chinese Syndromes: The Diagnosis of Chinese Medicine.- 8.1 Major Patterns of Disturbances.- 8.2 Syndromes of the Five Zang Organs.- 8.3 The Most Frequent Syndromes.- 9 Additional Methods of Treatment.- 9.1 Chakra Acupuncture.- 9.2 Awareness Release Technique.- Appendixes A-D (G. Stux).- A. World Health Organization List of Indications for Acupuncture.- B. Nomenclature and Abbreviations for Channels and Points.- C. Glossary of Chinese Terms.- D. Alphabetic List of Chinese Point Names.