Functional Neuroanatomy

1 Electron Microscopy of Golgi-Impregnated Neurons.- I. Introduction.- II. General Description of the Procedure.- III. Results.- IV. Discussion.- V. Appendix: Schedules.- 2 Block Intensification and X-Ray Microanalysis of Cobalt-Filled Neurons for Electron Microscopy.- I. Introduction.- II. Method.- III. Ultrastructure.- IV. Identification of Size and Nature of Precipitate.- V. Discussion.- VI. Applications.- 3 Horseradish Peroxidase and Other Heine Proteins as Neuronal Markers.- I. Introduction.- II. The Versatility of Exogenous Heme Proteins as Neuronal Markers.- III. Chemistry of Peroxidase-Active Proteins and Reactions for their Demonstration.- IV. Methods.- V. Cytology of Peroxidase-Labelled Neurons.- VI. Mechanisms of Neuronal Uptake and Transport of Herne Proteins.- VII. Concluding Remarks.- VIII. Addendum.- IX. Appendix 1: Method.- X. Appendix 2: Solutions.- 4 Intracellular Staining with Nickel Chloride.- I. Introduction.- II. Method.- 5 Rubeanic Acid and X-Ray Microanalysis for Demonstrating Metal Ions in Filled Neurons.- I. Introduction.- II. Use of Different Metal Ions.- III. Rubeanic Acid Development.- IV. Applications of Rubeanic Acid Development.- V. X-Ray Microanalysis for Detection of Metal Ions.- VI. Conclusion.- 6 Double Marking for Light and Electron Microscopy.- I. Introduction.- II. Double Marking for Light Microscopy.- III. Double Marking for Light and Electron Microscopy.- IV. Alternative Strategies.- 7 Lucifer Yellow Histology.- I. Introduction.- II. Filling from Electrodes.- III. Passive Back- or Forwardfilling.- IV. Fixing.- V. Buffers, Ringers.- VI. Whole-Mount Viewing.- VII. Embedding and Sectioning.- VIII. Microscopy.- IX. Photography.- X. Fading.- XI. Reconstructions.- XII. Geography.- XIII. Storage.- XIV. Artefacts.- XV. Conclusions.- 8 Portraying the Third Dimension in Neuroanatomy.- I. Introduction.- II. Why Computer Graphics in Neuroanatomy?.- III. Designing the System.- IV. The NEU System.- V. Alignment of Sections.- VI. Interactive Profile Acquisition.- VII. Noninteractive Operations.- VIII. Final Remarks.- 9 Three-Dimensional Reconstruction and Stereoscopic Display of Neurons in the Fly Visual System.- I. Introduction.- II. Procedure.- III. Hardware Configuration.- IV. The Data Acquisition Program HISDIG.- V. The Reproduction Program HISTRA.- VI. Stereoscopic Vision.- VII. Examples of Displays and Stereopairs.- VIII. Further Applications.- IX. Concluding Remarks.- 10 Laser Microsurgery for the Study of Behaviour and Neural Development of Flies.- I. Introduction.- II. The Laser Microbeam Unit.- III. Procedure of Laser Surgery.- IV. Histological Analysis.- V. Anatomical-Behavioural Correlations of Laser-Eliminated Lobula Plate Neurons.- VI. Aspects of Neuronal Development.- VII. Discussion.- 11 Anatomical Localization of Functional Activity in Flies Using 3H-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose.- I. Introduction.- II. Essentials of the Technique.- III. Results.- IV. Concluding Remarks.- 12 Strategies for the Identification of Amine- and Peptide-Containing Neurons.- I. Introduction.- II. Neutral Red: A Nonspecific Stain for Amine-Containing Neurons.- III. Neutral Red: An Indicator of Peptidergic Neurons.- IV. Permanent Preparations of Vital Staining with Neutral Red.- V. Use of Immunohistochemical Approaches to Neuron Identification.- VI. Immunohistochemical Screening: Whole-Mount Method.- VII. Identification: Immunohistochemistry and Dye Injection.- VIII. Confirmation of Immunohistochemistry: Cell Isolation, Extraction and Assay.- IX. Concluding Remarks.- 13 Immunochemical Identification of Vertebrate-Type Brain-Gut Peptides in Insect Nerve Cells.- I. Introduction.- II. Immunocytochemistry: Basic Principles.- III. Techniques of Immunocytochemistry.- IV. Problems of Specificity.- V. Brain-Gut Peptides in Insects.- VI. Extraction and Purification.- VII. Conclusions.- VIII. Appendix 1: Immunofluorescence: The Indirect Method.- IX. Appendix 2: Immunoperoxidase: The PAP Method.- 14 Immunocytochemical Techniques for the Identification of Peptidergic Neurons.- I. Introduction and Survey.- H. Preparation of Antigens.- III. Production and Isolation of Antibodies.- IV. Absorption of the Antisera Before Use for Immunocytochemistry.- V. Isolation of Hapten-Specific Antibodies.- VI. Methods for Antibody Isolation.- VII. Immunocytochemical Techniques.- VIII. Immunocytochemical Staining Methods.- IX. CoCl2 Iontophoresis and Indirect Immunofluorescence Method.- X. Supplementary Methods.- XI. Electron Microscopy.- XII. Conclusions.- 15 Detection of Serotonin-Containing Neurons in the Insect Nervous System by Antibodies to 5-HT.- I. Introduction.- II. General Considerations of Antibody Staining.- III The Immunofluorescence Technique.- IV. Fluorescence Microscopy and Photography.- V. The Unlabelled Antibody Enzyme Method for Sections.- VI. A Whole-Mount Method for Antibody Staining.- VII. Specificity of Anti-5-HT Labelling.- 16 Monoaminergic Innervation in a Hemipteran Nervous System: A Whole-Mount Histofluorescence Survey.- I. Introduction.- II. Materials and Methods.- III. Results.- IV. Discussion.- 17 Identification of Neurons Containing Vertebrate-Type Brain-Gut Peptides by Antibody and Cobalt Labelling.- I. Introduction.- II. Method.- III. Interpretation of the Results.- IV. Conclusions.- 18 Interpretation of Freeze-Fracture Replicas of Insect Nervous Tissue.- I. Introduction.- II. Procedure.- III. Interpretation of Replicas.- IV. The Cleaved Cell: A Survey.- V. Recent Advances and Future Prospects.- 19 High-Voltage Electron Microscopy for Insect Neuroanatomy.- I. Introduction.- II. Rationale for HVEM for Biological Research.- III. Method.- IV. HVEM of Insect Neurons.- References.