Aircraft Control and Simulation

Preface xi 1 The Kinematics and Dynamics of Aircraft Motion 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Vector Operations 3 1.3 Matrix Operations on Vector Coordinates 7 1.4 Rotational Kinematics 16 1.5 Translational Kinematics 20 1.6 Geodesy, Coordinate Systems, Gravity 23 1.7 Rigid-Body Dynamics 34 1.8 Advanced Topics 44 References 58 Problems 59 2 Modeling the Aircraft 63 2.1 Introduction 63 2.2 Basic Aerodynamics 64 2.3 Aircraft Forces And Moments 75 2.4 Static Analysis 101 2.5 The Nonlinear Aircraft Model 108 2.6 Linear Models And The Stability Derivatives 116 2.7 Summary 137 References 138 Problems 139 3 Modeling, Design, and Simulation Tools 142 3.1 Introduction 142 3.2 State-Space Models 144 3.3 Transfer Function Models 155 3.4 Numerical Solution Of The State Equations 170 3.5 Aircraft Models For Simulation 179 3.6 Steady-State Flight 185 3.7 Numerical Linearization 199 3.8 Aircraft Dynamic Behavior 205 3.9 Feedback Control 213 3.10 Summary 241 References 241 Problems 243 4 Aircraft Dynamics and Classical Control Design 250 4.1 Introduction 250 4.2 Aircraft Rigid-Body Modes 257 4.3 The Handling-Qualities Requirements 274 4.4 Stability Augmentation 287 4.5 Control Augmentation Systems 303 4.6 Autopilots 322 4.7 Nonlinear Simulation 344 4.8 Summary 371 References 372 Problems 374 5 Modern Design Techniques 377 5.1 Introduction 377 5.2 Assignment Of Closed-Loop Dynamics 381 5.3 Linear Quadratic Regulator With Output Feedback 397 5.4 Tracking A Command 413 5.5 Modifying The Performance Index 428 5.6 Model-Following Design 455 5.7 Linear Quadratic Design With Full State Feedback 470 5.8 Dynamic Inversion Design 477 5.9 Summary 492 References 492 Problems 495 6 Robustness and Multivariable Frequency-Domain Techniques 500 6.1 Introduction 500 6.2 Multivariable Frequency-Domain Analysis 502 6.3 Robust Output-Feedback Design 525 6.4 Observers And The Kalman Filter 529 6.5 Linear Quadratic Gaussian/Loop Transfer Recovery 554 6.6 Summary 577 References 578 Problems 580 7 Digital Control 584 7.1 Introduction 584 7.2 Simulation Of Digital Controllers 585 7.3 Discretization Of Continuous Controllers 588 7.4 Modified Continuous Design 598 7.5 Implementation Considerations 611 7.6 Summary 619 References 620 Problems 620 8 Modeling and Simulation of Miniature Aerial Vehicles 623 8.1 Introduction 623 8.2 Propeller/Rotor Forces And Moments 630 8.3 Modeling Rotor Flapping 640 8.4 Motor Modeling 645 8.5 Small Aerobatic Airplane Model 648 8.6 Quadrotor Model 654 8.7 Small Helicopter Model 655 8.8 Summary 660 References 661 Problems 661 9 Adaptive Control With Application to Miniature Aerial Vehicles 664 9.1 Introduction 664 9.2 Model Reference Adaptive Control Based On Dynamic Inversion 665 9.3 Neural Network Adaptive Control 668 9.4 Limited Authority Adaptive Control 674 9.5 Neural Network Adaptive Control Example 680 9.6 Summary 709 References 709 Problems 711 Appendix A F-16 Model 714 Appendix B Software 723 Index 733