Computer Security
Principles and Practice
4th Edition
Published on 11. August 2017
Book
Paperback/Softback
800 pages
978-0-13-479410-5 (ISBN)
Description
For courses in computer/network security
Balancing principle and practice-an updated survey of the fast-moving world of computer and network security
Computer Security: Principles and Practice, 4th Edition, is ideal for courses in Computer/Network Security. The need for education in computer security and related topics continues to grow at a dramatic rate-and is essential for anyone studying Computer Science or Computer Engineering. Written for both an academic and professional audience, the 4th Edition continues to set the standard for computer security with a balanced presentation of principles and practice. The new edition captures the most up-to-date innovations and improvements while maintaining broad and comprehensive coverage of the entire field. The extensive offering of projects provides hands-on experience to reinforce concepts from the text. The range of supplemental online resources for instructors provides additional teaching support for this fast-moving subject.
The new edition covers all security topics considered Core in the ACM/IEEE Computer Science Curricula 2013, as well as subject areas for CISSP (Certified Information Systems Security Professional) certification. This textbook can be used to prep for CISSP Certification and is often referred to as the 'gold standard' when it comes to information security certification. The text provides in-depth coverage of Computer Security, Technology and Principles, Software Security, Management Issues, Cryptographic Algorithms, Internet Security and more.
Balancing principle and practice-an updated survey of the fast-moving world of computer and network security
Computer Security: Principles and Practice, 4th Edition, is ideal for courses in Computer/Network Security. The need for education in computer security and related topics continues to grow at a dramatic rate-and is essential for anyone studying Computer Science or Computer Engineering. Written for both an academic and professional audience, the 4th Edition continues to set the standard for computer security with a balanced presentation of principles and practice. The new edition captures the most up-to-date innovations and improvements while maintaining broad and comprehensive coverage of the entire field. The extensive offering of projects provides hands-on experience to reinforce concepts from the text. The range of supplemental online resources for instructors provides additional teaching support for this fast-moving subject.
The new edition covers all security topics considered Core in the ACM/IEEE Computer Science Curricula 2013, as well as subject areas for CISSP (Certified Information Systems Security Professional) certification. This textbook can be used to prep for CISSP Certification and is often referred to as the 'gold standard' when it comes to information security certification. The text provides in-depth coverage of Computer Security, Technology and Principles, Software Security, Management Issues, Cryptographic Algorithms, Internet Security and more.
More details
Persons
Dr. William Stallings authored 18 textbooks, and, counting revised editions, a total of 70 books on various aspects of these subjects. His writings have appeared in numerous ACM and IEEE publications, including the Proceedings of the IEEE and ACM Computing Reviews. He has 11 times received the award for the best Computer Science textbook of the year from the Text and Academic Authors Association.
In over 30 years in the field, he has been a technical contributor, technical manager, and an executive with several
high-technology firms. He has designed and implemented both TCP/IP-based and OSI-based protocol suites on a variety of computers and operating systems, ranging from microcomputers to mainframes. Currently he is an independent consultant whose clients have included computer and networking manufacturers and customers, software development firms, and leading-edge government research institutions.
He created and maintains the Computer Science Student Resource Site at ComputerScienceStudent.com. This site provides documents and links on a variety of subjects of general interest to computer science students (and professionals). He is a member of the editorial board of Cryptologia, a scholarly journal devoted to all aspects of cryptology. His articles appear regularly at http://www.networking.answers.com, where he is the Networking Category Expert Writer.
Dr. Lawrie Brown is a visiting senior lecturer in the School of Engineering and Information Technology, UNSW Canberra at the Australian Defence Force Academy.
His professional interests include communications and computer systems security and cryptography, including research on pseudo-anonymous communication, authentication, security and trust issues in Web environments, the design of secure remote code execution environments using the functional language Erlang, and on the design and implementation of the LOKI family of block ciphers. During his career, he has presented courses on cryptography
During his career, he has presented courses on cryptography, cybersecurity, data communications, data structures, and programming in Java to both undergraduate and postgraduate students.
In over 30 years in the field, he has been a technical contributor, technical manager, and an executive with several
high-technology firms. He has designed and implemented both TCP/IP-based and OSI-based protocol suites on a variety of computers and operating systems, ranging from microcomputers to mainframes. Currently he is an independent consultant whose clients have included computer and networking manufacturers and customers, software development firms, and leading-edge government research institutions.
He created and maintains the Computer Science Student Resource Site at ComputerScienceStudent.com. This site provides documents and links on a variety of subjects of general interest to computer science students (and professionals). He is a member of the editorial board of Cryptologia, a scholarly journal devoted to all aspects of cryptology. His articles appear regularly at http://www.networking.answers.com, where he is the Networking Category Expert Writer.
Dr. Lawrie Brown is a visiting senior lecturer in the School of Engineering and Information Technology, UNSW Canberra at the Australian Defence Force Academy.
His professional interests include communications and computer systems security and cryptography, including research on pseudo-anonymous communication, authentication, security and trust issues in Web environments, the design of secure remote code execution environments using the functional language Erlang, and on the design and implementation of the LOKI family of block ciphers. During his career, he has presented courses on cryptography
During his career, he has presented courses on cryptography, cybersecurity, data communications, data structures, and programming in Java to both undergraduate and postgraduate students.
Content
Table of Contents
Online Resources
Preface
Notation
About the Authors
Chapter 1 Overview
1.1 Computer Security Concepts
1.2 Threats, Attacks, and Assets
1.3 Security Functional Requirements
1.4 Fundamental Security Design Principles
1.5 Attack Surfaces and Attack Trees
1.6 Computer Security Strategy
1.7 Standards
1.8 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
PART ONE COMPUTER SECURITY TECHNOLOGY AND PRINCIPLES
Chapter 2 Cryptographic Tools
2.1 Confidentiality with Symmetric Encryption
2.2 Message Authentication and Hash Functions
2.3 Public-Key Encryption
2.4 Digital Signatures and Key Management
2.5 Random and Pseudorandom Numbers
2.6 Practical Application: Encryption of Stored Data
2.7 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
Chapter 3 User Authentication
3.1 Digital User Authentication Principles
3.2 Password-Based Authentication
3.3 Token-Based Authentication
3.4 Biometric Authentication
3.5 Remote User Authentication
3.6 Security Issues for User Authentication
3.7 Practical Application: An Iris Biometric System
3.8 Case Study: Security Problems for ATM Systems
3.9 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
Chapter 4 Access Control
4.1 Access Control Principles
4.2 Subjects, Objects, and Access Rights
4.3 Discretionary Access Control
4.4 Example: UNIX File Access Control
4.5 Role-Based Access Control
4.6 Attribute-Based Access Control
4.7 Identity, Credential, and Access Management
4.8 Trust Frameworks
4.9 Case Study: RBAC System for a Bank
4.10 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
Chapter 5 Database and Data Center Security
5.1 The Need for Database Security
5.2 Database Management Systems
5.3 Relational Databases
5.4 SQL Injection Attacks
5.5 Database Access Control
5.6 Inference
5.7 Database Encryption
5.8 Data Center Security
5.9 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
Chapter 6 Malicious Software
6.1 Types of Malicious Software
6.2 Advanced Persistent Threat
6.2 Propagation - Infected Content - Viruses
6.3 Propagation - Vulnerability Exploit - Worms
6.4 Propagation - Social Engineering - SPAM E-Mail, Trojans
6.5 Payload - System Corruption
6.6 Payload - Attack Agent - Zombie, Bots
6.7 Payload - Information Theft - Keyloggers, Phishing, Spyware
6.8 Payload - Stealthing - Backdoors, Rootkits
6.9 Countermeasures
6.10 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
Chapter 7 Denial-of-Service Attacks
7.1 Denial-of-Service Attacks
7.2 Flooding Attacks
7.3 Distributed Denial-of-Service Attacks
7.4 Application-Based Bandwidth Attacks
7.5 Reflector and Amplifier Attacks
7.6 Defenses Against Denial-of-Service Attacks
7.7 Responding to a Denial-of-Service Attack
7.8 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
Chapter 8 Intrusion Detection
8.1 Intruders
8.2 Intrusion Detection
8.3 Analysis Approaches
8.4 Host-Based Intrusion Detection
8.5 Network-Based Intrusion Detection
8.6 Distributed or Hybrid Intrusion Detection
8.7 Intrusion Detection Exchange Format
8.8 Honeypots
8.9 Example System: Snort
8.10 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
Chapter 9 Firewalls and Intrusion Prevention Systems
9.1 The Need for Firewalls
9.2 Firewall Characteristics and Access Policy
9.3 Types of Firewalls
9.4 Firewall Basing
9.5 Firewall Location and Configurations
9.6 Intrusion Prevention Systems
9.7 Example: Unified Threat Management Products
9.8 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
PART TWO SOFTWARE SECURITY AND TRUSTED SYSTEMS
Chapter 10 Buffer Overflow
10.1 Stack Overflows
10.2 Defending Against Buffer Overflows
10.3 Other Forms of Overflow Attacks
10.4 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
Chapter 11 Software Security
11.1 Software Security Issues
11.2 Handling Program Input
11.3 Writing Safe Program Code
11.4 Interacting with the Operating System and Other Programs
11.5 Handling Program Input
11.6 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
Chapter 12 Operating System Security
12.1 Introduction to Operating System Security
12.3 System Security Planning
12.3 Operating Systems Hardening
12.4 Application Security
12.5 Security Maintenance
12.6 Linux/UNIX Security
12.7 Windows Security
12.8 Virtualization Security
12.9 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
Chapter 13 Cloud and IoT Security
13.1 Cloud Computing
13.2 Cloud Security Concepts
13.3 Cloud Security Approaches
13.4 The Internet of Things
13.5 IoT Security
13.6 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
PART THREE MANAGEMENT ISSUES
Chapter 14 IT Security Management and Risk Assessment
14.1 IT Security Management
14.2 Organizational Context and Security Policy
14.3 Security Risk Assessment
14.4 Detailed Security Risk Analysis
14.5 Case Study: Silver Star Mines
14.6 Recommended Reading
14.7 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
Chapter 15 IT Security Controls, Plans and Procedures
15.1 IT Security Management Implementation
15.2 Security Controls or Safeguards
15.3 IT Security Plan
15.4 Implementation of Controls
15.5 Monitoring Risks
15.6 Case Study: Silver Star Mines
15.7 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
Chapter 16 Physical and Infrastructure Security
16.1 Overview
16.2 Physical Security Threats
16.3 Physical Security Prevention and Mitigation Measures
16.4 Recovery from Physical Security Breaches
16.5 Example: A Corporate Physical Security Policy
16.6 Integration of Physical and Logical Security
16.7 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
Chapter 17 Human Resources Security
17.1 Security Awareness, Training, and Education
17.2 Employment Practices and Policies
17.3 E-Mail and Internet Use Policies
17.4 Computer Security Incident Response Teams
17.5 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
Chapter 18 Security Auditing
18.1 Security Auditing Architecture
18.2 The Security Audit Trail
18.3 Implementing the Logging Function
18.4 Audit Trail Analysis
18.5 Security Information and Event Management
18.6 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
Chapter 19 Legal and Ethical Aspects
19.1 Cybercrime and Computer Crime
19.2 Intellectual Property
19.3 Privacy
19.4 Ethical Issues
19.5 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
Appendix 19A: Information Privacy Standard of Good Practice
PART FOUR CRYPTOGRAPHIC ALGORITHMS
Chapter 20 Symmetric Encryption and Message Confidentiality
20.1 Symmetric Encryption and Message Confidentiality
20.2 Data Encryption Standard
20.3 Advanced Encryption Standard
20.4 Stream Ciphers and RC4
20.5 Cipher Block Modes of Operation
20.6 Key Distribution
20.8 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
Chapter 21 Public-Key Cryptography and Message Authentication
21.1 Secure Hash Functions
21.2 HMAC
21.3 Authenticated Encryption
21.4 The RSA Public-Key Encryption Algorithm
21.5Diffie-Hellman and Other Asymmetric Algorithms
21.6 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
PART FIVE NETWORK SECURITY
Chapter 22 Internet Security Protocols and Standards
22.1 Secure Email and S/MIME
22.2 DomainKeys Identified Mail
22.3 Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS)
22.4 HTTPS
22.5 IPv4 and IPv6 Security
22.6 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
Chapter 23 Internet Authentication Applications
23.1 Kerberos
23.2 X.509
23.3 Public-Key Infrastructure
23.4 Federated Identity Management
23.5 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
Chapter 24 Wireless Network Security
24.1 Wireless Security Overview
24.2 Mobile Device Security
24.3 IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN Overview
24.4 IEEE 802.11i Wireless LAN Security
24.5 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
APPENDICES
Appendix A Projects and Other Student Exercises for Teaching Computer Security
A.1 Hacking Project
A.2 Laboratory Exercises
A.3 Security Education (SEED) Projects
A.4 Research Projects
A.5 Programming Projects
A.6 Practical Security Assessments
A.7 Firewall Projects
A.8 Case Studies
A.9 Reading/Report Assignments
A.10 Writing Assignments
A.11 Webcasts for Teaching Computer Security
ACRONYMS LIST OF NIST DOCUMENTS REFERENCES INDEX ONLINE CHAPTERS AND APPENDICES
Online chapters, appendices, and other documents are Premium Content, available via the access card printed in the front of the book.
Chapter 25 Linux Security
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Linux's Security Model
25.3 The Linux DAC in Depth: Filesystem Security
25.4 Linux Vulnerabilities
25.5 Linux System Hardening
25.6 Application Security
25.7 Mandatory Access Controls
25.8 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
Chapter 26 Windows and Windows Vista Security
26.1 Windows Security Architecture
26.2 Windows Vulnerabilities
26.3 Windows Security Defenses
26.4 Browser Defenses
26.5 Cryptographic Services
26.6 Common Criteria
26.7 Key Terms, Review Questions, Problems, and Projects
Appendix B Some Aspects of Number Theory Appendix C Standards and Standard-Setting Organizations Appendix D Random and Pseudorandom Number Generation Appendix E Message Authentication Codes Based on Block Ciphers Appendix F TCP/IP Protocol Architecture Appendix G Radix-64 Conversion Appendix H The Domain Name System Appendix I The Base-Rate Fallacy Appendix J SHA-3 Appendix K Glossary
Online Resources
Preface
Notation
About the Authors
Chapter 1 Overview
1.1 Computer Security Concepts
1.2 Threats, Attacks, and Assets
1.3 Security Functional Requirements
1.4 Fundamental Security Design Principles
1.5 Attack Surfaces and Attack Trees
1.6 Computer Security Strategy
1.7 Standards
1.8 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
PART ONE COMPUTER SECURITY TECHNOLOGY AND PRINCIPLES
Chapter 2 Cryptographic Tools
2.1 Confidentiality with Symmetric Encryption
2.2 Message Authentication and Hash Functions
2.3 Public-Key Encryption
2.4 Digital Signatures and Key Management
2.5 Random and Pseudorandom Numbers
2.6 Practical Application: Encryption of Stored Data
2.7 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
Chapter 3 User Authentication
3.1 Digital User Authentication Principles
3.2 Password-Based Authentication
3.3 Token-Based Authentication
3.4 Biometric Authentication
3.5 Remote User Authentication
3.6 Security Issues for User Authentication
3.7 Practical Application: An Iris Biometric System
3.8 Case Study: Security Problems for ATM Systems
3.9 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
Chapter 4 Access Control
4.1 Access Control Principles
4.2 Subjects, Objects, and Access Rights
4.3 Discretionary Access Control
4.4 Example: UNIX File Access Control
4.5 Role-Based Access Control
4.6 Attribute-Based Access Control
4.7 Identity, Credential, and Access Management
4.8 Trust Frameworks
4.9 Case Study: RBAC System for a Bank
4.10 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
Chapter 5 Database and Data Center Security
5.1 The Need for Database Security
5.2 Database Management Systems
5.3 Relational Databases
5.4 SQL Injection Attacks
5.5 Database Access Control
5.6 Inference
5.7 Database Encryption
5.8 Data Center Security
5.9 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
Chapter 6 Malicious Software
6.1 Types of Malicious Software
6.2 Advanced Persistent Threat
6.2 Propagation - Infected Content - Viruses
6.3 Propagation - Vulnerability Exploit - Worms
6.4 Propagation - Social Engineering - SPAM E-Mail, Trojans
6.5 Payload - System Corruption
6.6 Payload - Attack Agent - Zombie, Bots
6.7 Payload - Information Theft - Keyloggers, Phishing, Spyware
6.8 Payload - Stealthing - Backdoors, Rootkits
6.9 Countermeasures
6.10 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
Chapter 7 Denial-of-Service Attacks
7.1 Denial-of-Service Attacks
7.2 Flooding Attacks
7.3 Distributed Denial-of-Service Attacks
7.4 Application-Based Bandwidth Attacks
7.5 Reflector and Amplifier Attacks
7.6 Defenses Against Denial-of-Service Attacks
7.7 Responding to a Denial-of-Service Attack
7.8 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
Chapter 8 Intrusion Detection
8.1 Intruders
8.2 Intrusion Detection
8.3 Analysis Approaches
8.4 Host-Based Intrusion Detection
8.5 Network-Based Intrusion Detection
8.6 Distributed or Hybrid Intrusion Detection
8.7 Intrusion Detection Exchange Format
8.8 Honeypots
8.9 Example System: Snort
8.10 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
Chapter 9 Firewalls and Intrusion Prevention Systems
9.1 The Need for Firewalls
9.2 Firewall Characteristics and Access Policy
9.3 Types of Firewalls
9.4 Firewall Basing
9.5 Firewall Location and Configurations
9.6 Intrusion Prevention Systems
9.7 Example: Unified Threat Management Products
9.8 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
PART TWO SOFTWARE SECURITY AND TRUSTED SYSTEMS
Chapter 10 Buffer Overflow
10.1 Stack Overflows
10.2 Defending Against Buffer Overflows
10.3 Other Forms of Overflow Attacks
10.4 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
Chapter 11 Software Security
11.1 Software Security Issues
11.2 Handling Program Input
11.3 Writing Safe Program Code
11.4 Interacting with the Operating System and Other Programs
11.5 Handling Program Input
11.6 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
Chapter 12 Operating System Security
12.1 Introduction to Operating System Security
12.3 System Security Planning
12.3 Operating Systems Hardening
12.4 Application Security
12.5 Security Maintenance
12.6 Linux/UNIX Security
12.7 Windows Security
12.8 Virtualization Security
12.9 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
Chapter 13 Cloud and IoT Security
13.1 Cloud Computing
13.2 Cloud Security Concepts
13.3 Cloud Security Approaches
13.4 The Internet of Things
13.5 IoT Security
13.6 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
PART THREE MANAGEMENT ISSUES
Chapter 14 IT Security Management and Risk Assessment
14.1 IT Security Management
14.2 Organizational Context and Security Policy
14.3 Security Risk Assessment
14.4 Detailed Security Risk Analysis
14.5 Case Study: Silver Star Mines
14.6 Recommended Reading
14.7 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
Chapter 15 IT Security Controls, Plans and Procedures
15.1 IT Security Management Implementation
15.2 Security Controls or Safeguards
15.3 IT Security Plan
15.4 Implementation of Controls
15.5 Monitoring Risks
15.6 Case Study: Silver Star Mines
15.7 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
Chapter 16 Physical and Infrastructure Security
16.1 Overview
16.2 Physical Security Threats
16.3 Physical Security Prevention and Mitigation Measures
16.4 Recovery from Physical Security Breaches
16.5 Example: A Corporate Physical Security Policy
16.6 Integration of Physical and Logical Security
16.7 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
Chapter 17 Human Resources Security
17.1 Security Awareness, Training, and Education
17.2 Employment Practices and Policies
17.3 E-Mail and Internet Use Policies
17.4 Computer Security Incident Response Teams
17.5 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
Chapter 18 Security Auditing
18.1 Security Auditing Architecture
18.2 The Security Audit Trail
18.3 Implementing the Logging Function
18.4 Audit Trail Analysis
18.5 Security Information and Event Management
18.6 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
Chapter 19 Legal and Ethical Aspects
19.1 Cybercrime and Computer Crime
19.2 Intellectual Property
19.3 Privacy
19.4 Ethical Issues
19.5 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
Appendix 19A: Information Privacy Standard of Good Practice
PART FOUR CRYPTOGRAPHIC ALGORITHMS
Chapter 20 Symmetric Encryption and Message Confidentiality
20.1 Symmetric Encryption and Message Confidentiality
20.2 Data Encryption Standard
20.3 Advanced Encryption Standard
20.4 Stream Ciphers and RC4
20.5 Cipher Block Modes of Operation
20.6 Key Distribution
20.8 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
Chapter 21 Public-Key Cryptography and Message Authentication
21.1 Secure Hash Functions
21.2 HMAC
21.3 Authenticated Encryption
21.4 The RSA Public-Key Encryption Algorithm
21.5Diffie-Hellman and Other Asymmetric Algorithms
21.6 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
PART FIVE NETWORK SECURITY
Chapter 22 Internet Security Protocols and Standards
22.1 Secure Email and S/MIME
22.2 DomainKeys Identified Mail
22.3 Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS)
22.4 HTTPS
22.5 IPv4 and IPv6 Security
22.6 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
Chapter 23 Internet Authentication Applications
23.1 Kerberos
23.2 X.509
23.3 Public-Key Infrastructure
23.4 Federated Identity Management
23.5 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
Chapter 24 Wireless Network Security
24.1 Wireless Security Overview
24.2 Mobile Device Security
24.3 IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN Overview
24.4 IEEE 802.11i Wireless LAN Security
24.5 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
APPENDICES
Appendix A Projects and Other Student Exercises for Teaching Computer Security
A.1 Hacking Project
A.2 Laboratory Exercises
A.3 Security Education (SEED) Projects
A.4 Research Projects
A.5 Programming Projects
A.6 Practical Security Assessments
A.7 Firewall Projects
A.8 Case Studies
A.9 Reading/Report Assignments
A.10 Writing Assignments
A.11 Webcasts for Teaching Computer Security
ACRONYMS LIST OF NIST DOCUMENTS REFERENCES INDEX ONLINE CHAPTERS AND APPENDICES
Online chapters, appendices, and other documents are Premium Content, available via the access card printed in the front of the book.
Chapter 25 Linux Security
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Linux's Security Model
25.3 The Linux DAC in Depth: Filesystem Security
25.4 Linux Vulnerabilities
25.5 Linux System Hardening
25.6 Application Security
25.7 Mandatory Access Controls
25.8 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems
Chapter 26 Windows and Windows Vista Security
26.1 Windows Security Architecture
26.2 Windows Vulnerabilities
26.3 Windows Security Defenses
26.4 Browser Defenses
26.5 Cryptographic Services
26.6 Common Criteria
26.7 Key Terms, Review Questions, Problems, and Projects
Appendix B Some Aspects of Number Theory Appendix C Standards and Standard-Setting Organizations Appendix D Random and Pseudorandom Number Generation Appendix E Message Authentication Codes Based on Block Ciphers Appendix F TCP/IP Protocol Architecture Appendix G Radix-64 Conversion Appendix H The Domain Name System Appendix I The Base-Rate Fallacy Appendix J SHA-3 Appendix K Glossary