Chemistry of the Environment
2nd Edition
Published on 12. April 2002
Book
Hardback
489 pages
978-0-13-754896-5 (ISBN)
Description
For sophomore/junior-level courses in Environmental Chemistry, with a general chemistry prerequisite.
Compact yet comprehensive, this text presents an unbiased and readable account of current environmental issues-with an in-depth explanation of the underlying chemical principles that determine the nature of the issues in question. It identifies major environmental issues in the areas of energy, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere, and analyzes the chemical basis of those issues and the links between socio-economic indicators and impacts on the environment. The text helps students to see how their knowledge of basic chemistry can be used to understand the nature of the Earth and the impact of human activity upon it.
Compact yet comprehensive, this text presents an unbiased and readable account of current environmental issues-with an in-depth explanation of the underlying chemical principles that determine the nature of the issues in question. It identifies major environmental issues in the areas of energy, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere, and analyzes the chemical basis of those issues and the links between socio-economic indicators and impacts on the environment. The text helps students to see how their knowledge of basic chemistry can be used to understand the nature of the Earth and the impact of human activity upon it.
More details
Edition
2nd edition
Language
English
Place of publication
United States
Publishing group
Pearson Education (US)
Target group
Professional and scholarly
Dimensions
Height: 241 mm
Width: 183 mm
Thickness: 23 mm
Weight
886 gr
ISBN-13
978-0-13-754896-5 (9780137548965)
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Classification
Persons
Thomas G. Spiro is a Professor of Chemistry at Princeton University and has taught environmental chemistry there since 1970.
William M. Stigliani is a Professor of Chemistry and Director of the Center for Energy and Environmental Education a the University of Northern Iowa.
William M. Stigliani is a Professor of Chemistry and Director of the Center for Energy and Environmental Education a the University of Northern Iowa.
Content
I. ENERGY.
1. Energy Flows and Supplies.
Prologue on Energy and Sustainability. Natural Energy Flows. Human Energy Consumption. Human Energy Sources.
2. Fossil Fuels.
Carbon Cycle. Origins of Fossil Fuels. Fuel Energy. Petroleum. Gas. Coal. Decarbonization.
3. Nuclear Energy.
Nuclei, Isotopes, and Radioactivity. Naturally Occurring Radioisotopes. Decay Chains: The Radon Problem. Radioactivity: Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation. Radiation Exposure. Fission. Hazards of Nuclear Power. Is Nuclear power Part of the Future? Fusion.
4. Renewable Energy.
Solar Heating. Solar Thermal Electricity. Photovoltaic Electricity. Biomass. Hydroelectricity. Wind Power. Ocean Energy. Geothermal Energy.
5. Energy Utilization.
Heat Engine Efficiencies. Fuel Cells. Space Heating, Cogeneration. Electricity Storage: The Hydrogen Economy. The Materials Connection. Systems Efficiency. Energy and Society.
II. ATMOSPHERE.
6. Climate.
Radiation Balance. Albedo: Particles and Clouds. Greenhouse Effect. Climate Modeling. International Agreements on Greenhouse Gases.
7. Oxygen Chemistry.
Nitrogen Oxides: Free Energy. Nitrogen Oxides: Kinetics. Free Radical Chain Reactions.
8. Stratospheric Ozone.
Atmospheric Structure. Ultraviolet Protection by Ozone. Ozone Chemistry. Catalytic Destruction of Ozone. Polar Ozone Destruction. Ozone Projections. CFC Substitutes.
9. Air Pollution.
Pollutants and Their Effects. Photochemical Smog. Emission Control. Reformulated Gasoline: Oxygenates.
III. HYDROSPHERE/LITHOSPHERE.
10. Water Resources.
Global Perspective. Irrigation. Groundwater. U.S. Water Resources. The Oceans. Water as Solvent and as a Biological Medium.
11. From Clouds to Runoff: Water as Solvent.
Unique Properties of Water. Acids, Bases, and Salts. Conjugate Acids and Bases; Buffers. Water in the Atmosphere: Acid Rain.
12. Water and the Lithosphere.
Earth as Acid-Base Reactor. Organic and Inorganic Carbon Cycles. Weathering and Solubilization Mechanisms. Effects of Acidification.
13. Oxygen and Life.
Redox Reactions and Energy. Aerobic Earth. Water as Ecological Medium.
14. Water Pollution and Water Treatment.
Water Use and Water Quality: Point and Nonpoint Sources of Pollution. Regulation of Water Quality. Water and Sewage Treatment. Health Hazards.
IV. BIOSPHERE.
15. Nitrogen and Food Production.
Nitrogen Cycle. Agriculture. Nutrition.
16. Pest Control.
Insecticides. Herbicides. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs).
17. Toxic Chemicals.
Acute and Chronic Toxicity. Cancer. Hormonal Effects. Persistent Organic Pollutants: dioxins and PCBs. Toxic Metals.
Appendix: Organic Structure.
Hydrocarbons: Alkanes. Branched Chains; Isomers. Rings. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons. Molecular Shape. Carbon Framework Representations. Aromatic Compounds. Hetero-Atoms; Functional Groups.
Index.
1. Energy Flows and Supplies.
Prologue on Energy and Sustainability. Natural Energy Flows. Human Energy Consumption. Human Energy Sources.
2. Fossil Fuels.
Carbon Cycle. Origins of Fossil Fuels. Fuel Energy. Petroleum. Gas. Coal. Decarbonization.
3. Nuclear Energy.
Nuclei, Isotopes, and Radioactivity. Naturally Occurring Radioisotopes. Decay Chains: The Radon Problem. Radioactivity: Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation. Radiation Exposure. Fission. Hazards of Nuclear Power. Is Nuclear power Part of the Future? Fusion.
4. Renewable Energy.
Solar Heating. Solar Thermal Electricity. Photovoltaic Electricity. Biomass. Hydroelectricity. Wind Power. Ocean Energy. Geothermal Energy.
5. Energy Utilization.
Heat Engine Efficiencies. Fuel Cells. Space Heating, Cogeneration. Electricity Storage: The Hydrogen Economy. The Materials Connection. Systems Efficiency. Energy and Society.
II. ATMOSPHERE.
6. Climate.
Radiation Balance. Albedo: Particles and Clouds. Greenhouse Effect. Climate Modeling. International Agreements on Greenhouse Gases.
7. Oxygen Chemistry.
Nitrogen Oxides: Free Energy. Nitrogen Oxides: Kinetics. Free Radical Chain Reactions.
8. Stratospheric Ozone.
Atmospheric Structure. Ultraviolet Protection by Ozone. Ozone Chemistry. Catalytic Destruction of Ozone. Polar Ozone Destruction. Ozone Projections. CFC Substitutes.
9. Air Pollution.
Pollutants and Their Effects. Photochemical Smog. Emission Control. Reformulated Gasoline: Oxygenates.
III. HYDROSPHERE/LITHOSPHERE.
10. Water Resources.
Global Perspective. Irrigation. Groundwater. U.S. Water Resources. The Oceans. Water as Solvent and as a Biological Medium.
11. From Clouds to Runoff: Water as Solvent.
Unique Properties of Water. Acids, Bases, and Salts. Conjugate Acids and Bases; Buffers. Water in the Atmosphere: Acid Rain.
12. Water and the Lithosphere.
Earth as Acid-Base Reactor. Organic and Inorganic Carbon Cycles. Weathering and Solubilization Mechanisms. Effects of Acidification.
13. Oxygen and Life.
Redox Reactions and Energy. Aerobic Earth. Water as Ecological Medium.
14. Water Pollution and Water Treatment.
Water Use and Water Quality: Point and Nonpoint Sources of Pollution. Regulation of Water Quality. Water and Sewage Treatment. Health Hazards.
IV. BIOSPHERE.
15. Nitrogen and Food Production.
Nitrogen Cycle. Agriculture. Nutrition.
16. Pest Control.
Insecticides. Herbicides. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs).
17. Toxic Chemicals.
Acute and Chronic Toxicity. Cancer. Hormonal Effects. Persistent Organic Pollutants: dioxins and PCBs. Toxic Metals.
Appendix: Organic Structure.
Hydrocarbons: Alkanes. Branched Chains; Isomers. Rings. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons. Molecular Shape. Carbon Framework Representations. Aromatic Compounds. Hetero-Atoms; Functional Groups.
Index.