Sample Size Determination in Clinical Trials with Multiple Objectives
Published on 5. January 2016
Book
Hardback
250 pages
978-3-319-21163-3 (ISBN)
Description
This book integrates recent methodological developments for calculating the sample size and power in trials with more than one endpoint considered as multiple primary or co-primary, offering an important reference work for statisticians working in this area.
The determination of sample size and the evaluation of power are fundamental and critical elements in the design of clinical trials. If the sample size is too small, important effects may go unnoticed; if the sample size is too large, it represents a waste of resources and unethically puts more participants at risk than necessary. Recently many clinical trials have been designed with more than one endpoint considered as multiple primary or co-primary, creating a need for new approaches to the design and analysis of these clinical trials. The book focuses on the evaluation of power and sample size determination when comparing the effects of two interventions in superiority clinical trials with multiple endpoints. Methods for sample size calculation in clinical trials where the alternative hypothesis is that there are effects on ALL endpoints are discussed in detail. The book also brie?y examines trials designed with an alternative hypothesis of an effect on AT LEAST ONE endpoint with a prespeci?ed non-ordering of endpoints.
The determination of sample size and the evaluation of power are fundamental and critical elements in the design of clinical trials. If the sample size is too small, important effects may go unnoticed; if the sample size is too large, it represents a waste of resources and unethically puts more participants at risk than necessary. Recently many clinical trials have been designed with more than one endpoint considered as multiple primary or co-primary, creating a need for new approaches to the design and analysis of these clinical trials. The book focuses on the evaluation of power and sample size determination when comparing the effects of two interventions in superiority clinical trials with multiple endpoints. Methods for sample size calculation in clinical trials where the alternative hypothesis is that there are effects on ALL endpoints are discussed in detail. The book also brie?y examines trials designed with an alternative hypothesis of an effect on AT LEAST ONE endpoint with a prespeci?ed non-ordering of endpoints.
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Persons
Takashi Sozu
Dr. Sozu is Associate Professor of Biostatistics at Kyoto University School of Public Health. He is an Associate Editor of Japanese Journal of Biometrics. He is the member of the International Biometric Society and the elected member of the International Statistical Institute. He was awarded the Young Biostatistician Award from Biometric Society of Japan, Best Paper Award from Japanese Society for Alternatives to Animal Experiments, Prize for Outstanding Achievement in Education and Research at Osaka University, and Best Teacher Award at Kyoto University School of Public Health. His current research interest is design and analysis of clinical trials with multiple primary endpoints.
Tomoyuki Sugimoto
Dr. Sugimoto is Associate Professor of Mathematical Sciences at Hirosaki University Graduate School of Science and Technology. Dr. Sugimoto is a member of the Board of Directors for Japanese Society of Computational Statistics and serves as an Associate Editor for Journal of Japanese Society of Computational Statistics. Dr. Sugimoto has received the Distinguished Article Award from the Japanese Society of Computational Statistics.
Toshimitsu Hamasaki
Dr. Hamasaki is the Chief of Biostatistics and Data Management Office at National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center and is a Professor of Innovative Clinical Trials and Data Science at Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine (Cooperative Graduate School Program). Dr. Hamasaki was the member of ICH E5 informal discussion group to develop the Q & A document. He was the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of the Japanese Society of Computational Statistics, and currently, he serves as an Associate Editor for Japanese Journal of Applied Statistics and Journal of Japanese Society of Computational Statistics and Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research, and series editor for Japan Statistical Society Research Series in Statistics. He is an elected member of International Statistical Institute. Dr. Hamasaki has received the Distinguished Article Award from the Japanese Society of Computational Statistics and Hida-Mizuno Prize from the Behaviormetric Society of Japan.
Scott R Evans
Dr. Evans is a Senior Research Scientist at Harvard University where he teaches clinical trials and is the Director of the Statistical and Data Management Center for the Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group. He's a Fellow of the American Statistical Association (ASA) and has received the Robert Zackin Distinguished Collaborative Statistician Award for significant statistical contributions to HIV research and a Recognition Award for contributions of statistical expertise to the Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH) IRB. Dr. Evans is a member of an FDA Advisory Committee and has served and chaired numerous Data Monitoring Committees and Scientific Advisory Committees. Dr. Evans is a member of the Board of Directors for the Society for Clinical Trials and Mu Sigma Rho, the National Honorary Society for Statistics. He is the Executive Editor for CHANCE, the Past-President of the Boston Chapter of the ASA, the Past-Chair of the Development Committee of ASA, and the Past-Chair of the Teaching Statistics in the Health Sciences section of ASA.
Dr. Sozu is Associate Professor of Biostatistics at Kyoto University School of Public Health. He is an Associate Editor of Japanese Journal of Biometrics. He is the member of the International Biometric Society and the elected member of the International Statistical Institute. He was awarded the Young Biostatistician Award from Biometric Society of Japan, Best Paper Award from Japanese Society for Alternatives to Animal Experiments, Prize for Outstanding Achievement in Education and Research at Osaka University, and Best Teacher Award at Kyoto University School of Public Health. His current research interest is design and analysis of clinical trials with multiple primary endpoints.
Tomoyuki Sugimoto
Dr. Sugimoto is Associate Professor of Mathematical Sciences at Hirosaki University Graduate School of Science and Technology. Dr. Sugimoto is a member of the Board of Directors for Japanese Society of Computational Statistics and serves as an Associate Editor for Journal of Japanese Society of Computational Statistics. Dr. Sugimoto has received the Distinguished Article Award from the Japanese Society of Computational Statistics.
Toshimitsu Hamasaki
Dr. Hamasaki is the Chief of Biostatistics and Data Management Office at National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center and is a Professor of Innovative Clinical Trials and Data Science at Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine (Cooperative Graduate School Program). Dr. Hamasaki was the member of ICH E5 informal discussion group to develop the Q & A document. He was the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of the Japanese Society of Computational Statistics, and currently, he serves as an Associate Editor for Japanese Journal of Applied Statistics and Journal of Japanese Society of Computational Statistics and Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research, and series editor for Japan Statistical Society Research Series in Statistics. He is an elected member of International Statistical Institute. Dr. Hamasaki has received the Distinguished Article Award from the Japanese Society of Computational Statistics and Hida-Mizuno Prize from the Behaviormetric Society of Japan.
Scott R Evans
Dr. Evans is a Senior Research Scientist at Harvard University where he teaches clinical trials and is the Director of the Statistical and Data Management Center for the Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group. He's a Fellow of the American Statistical Association (ASA) and has received the Robert Zackin Distinguished Collaborative Statistician Award for significant statistical contributions to HIV research and a Recognition Award for contributions of statistical expertise to the Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH) IRB. Dr. Evans is a member of an FDA Advisory Committee and has served and chaired numerous Data Monitoring Committees and Scientific Advisory Committees. Dr. Evans is a member of the Board of Directors for the Society for Clinical Trials and Mu Sigma Rho, the National Honorary Society for Statistics. He is the Executive Editor for CHANCE, the Past-President of the Boston Chapter of the ASA, the Past-Chair of the Development Committee of ASA, and the Past-Chair of the Teaching Statistics in the Health Sciences section of ASA.
Content
1.Introduction.- 2.Continuous Co-primary Endpoints.- 3.Binary Co-primary Endpoints.- 4.Convenient Sample Size Formula.- 5.Continuous Primary Endpoints.- 6. Further Developments.- A.Sample Size Calculation Using other Contrasts for Binary Endpoints.- B.Empirical Power for Sample Size Calculation for Binary Co-primary Endpoints.- C.Numerical Tables for Ck in the Convenient Sample Size Formula for the Three Co-primary Continuous Endpoints Cace.- D.Software Programs for Sample Size Calculation for Continuous Co-primary Endpoints.- References.