International Relations

Contents ; Preface xx ; Maps of the World xx ; PART I. ; STUDYING INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS xx ; CHAPTER 1 ; Introducing International Relations x ; What Do We Study, and Why? The Field of International Relations x ; What Is International Relations? x ; Key Concepts x ; Sovereignty x ; CASE IN POINT: The End of a French-German Obsession: Alsace-Lorraine x ; Nations and states x ; Key Actors x ; State government and foreign policy x ; Intergovernmental organizations xx ; Nongovernmental organizations xx ; Key Problems xx ; Violence and war xx ; Weapons of mass destruction xx ; Environmental problems xx ; Poverty xx ; Human rights xx ; Overpopulation and migration xx ; A path to peace and economic improvement xx ; How We Study International Relations? xx ; Gathering Information xx ; Governmental and nongovernmental reports xx ; Eyewitness sources xx ; Communications xx ; Intelligence xx ; CASE IN POINT Facts and Lies xx ; Surveys xx ; Experimental methods xx ; DEBATE: The Corruption Perceptions Index xx ; Analyzing Information ; The importance of theory and its applications xx ; Critical Thinking in International Relations xx ; Distinguishing facts from opinions xx ; Looking for multiple causes xx ; Being aware of bias xx ; Contexts and Applications xx ; The Individual Decisions Context xx ; The State Policies Context xx ; The Global Context xx ; The Uses of History: Can Democracy Be "Exported"? xx ; Background xx ; Analysis xx ; Discussion xxx ; History of modern institutions and democratic governance xx ; International relations and domestic context xx ; International legitimacy of occupation xx ; International support xx ; Questions xx ; CONCLUSION xx ; KEY TERMS xx ; VISUAL REVIEW xx ; CHAPTER 2 ; The Realist Perspective xx ; Ideas xx ; Understanding Power in International Relations xx ; The Development of Realism xx ; Intellectual roots xx ; Realism prevails in Europe xx ; Realism becomes a theory xx ; Neorealism xx ; International Order xx ; Polarity and international order xx ; International order and politics xx ; The Rise and Fall of Great Powers: Realist Lessons xx ; The Ottoman Empire xx ; The British Empire xx ; The United States: An 'empire of freedom and the dollar"? xx ; CASE IN POINT: The Monroe Doctrine xx ; How great powers evolve xx ; Arguments xx ; DEBATE: Will the Global Power Struggle Ever End? xx ; Realpolitik xx ; Rules of engagement xx ; Predator states xx ; Power shifts xx ; International Order and War xx ; Types of responses to the use of force xx ; Probability of war xx ; Nonmilitary Responses xx ; Contexts and Applications xx ; The Individual Decisions Context xx ; The State Policies Context xx ; CASE IN POINT: Individual Leaders and Their Foreign Policy xx ; The Global Context xx ; Putting the Contexts Together xx ; The Uses of History: The North Atlantic Treaty Organization xx ; Background xx ; Analysis xx ; Questions xx ; CONCLUSION xx ; KEY TERMS xx ; VISUAL REVIEW xx ; CHAPTER 3 ; The Liberal Perspective xx ; Ideas xx ; The Development of Liberalism xx ; Intellectual roots xx ; CASE IN POINT Are Humans Inherently Selfish and Violent? xx ; Early attempts to implement liberal principles xx ; Lessons of World War I xx ; The League of Nations xx ; 1945: A new beginning for liberal principles xx ; Neoliberalism xx ; Arguments xx ; Comparing Liberalism and Realism xx ; Liberalism and wars xx ; DEBATE When Should Liberals Go to War? Xx ; Lessons of diplomacy xx ; CASE IN POINT Diplomatic Efforts in an India-Pakistan Conflict xx ; Democratic Peace xx ; CASE IN POINT Can "Democratic Peace Theory" Be Challenged? Xx ; Soft power xx ; DEBATE Which Country Has the Most Soft Power? xx ; International and Nongovernmental Institutions xx ; Cross-national networks xx ; Nongovernmental organizations xx ; The Spectrum of Neoliberalism xx ; CASE IN POINT To What Degree Does Partisanship Affect U.S. Foreign Policy? xx ; Contexts and Applications xx ; The Individual Decisions Context xx ; The State Policies Context xx ; Public Support for Foreign Policy xx ; Policy Climate xx ; CASE IN POINT U.S. Public Opinion and the Use of Force Abroad xx ; The Global Context xx ; The Uses of History: The European Community xx ; Background xx ; Arguments xx ; Free trade or economic protectionism? Xx ; National politicians or Euro-technocrats? Xx ; Democratic peace or conflict with neighbors? Xx ; Questions xx ; CONCLUSION xx ; KEY TERMS xx ; VISUAL REVIEW xx ; CHAPTER 4 ; Alternative Views xx ; Ideas xx ; Arguments xx ; The Constructivist View xx ; Socially constructed meanings xx ; Three types of international environments xx ; Historical lessons xx ; Marxism and Conflict Theories xx ; Marxism (and Leninism) xx ; From dependency theory to Occupy Wall Street xx ; Postcolonial studies xx ; Gender and international relations xx ; Political Culture xx ; Identity Factors xx ; Identities and civilizations xx ; Race and ethnic conflict xx ; Nationalism and other political attitudes xx ; DEBATE: Who are Patriots and Nationalists? xx ; Political Psychology xx ; Rational decision-making ; Biased decision-making xx ; Political socialization xx ; Contexts and Applications xx ; The Individual Decisions Context xx ; Visionaries, fanatics, and pragmatics xx ; The anatomy of decisions xx ; Life experiences xx ; Alternative theories tested xx ; The State Policies Context xx ; Bureaucracy and cognitive maps xx ; Access to information and statesmanship xx ; CASE IN POINT: Two-Level Games xx ; The Democratic-authoritarian continuum xx ; Collective experiences xx ; The Global Context xx ; Gender and class perspectives xx ; Global interests? xx ; Regional responses xx ; On clashes between civilizations xx ; The Uses of History: The Cuban Missile Crisis xx ; Background xx ; Analysis xx ; Questions xx ; CONCLUSION xx ; KEY TERMS xx ; VISUAL REVIEW xx ; PART II. ; THREE FACETS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS XX ; CHAPTER 5 ; International Security xx ; Ideas xx ; Security xx ; Conflict and War xx ; Types of War xx ; CASE IN POINT: War in Angola xx ; Security Policies xx ; Arguments xx ; Realism xx ; Realist principles for security xx ; The security dilemma xx ; Nuclear deterrence xx ; The domino theory xx ; Security regimes xx ; Liberalism xx ; Liberal principles of security xx ; IGOs and the security system community xx ; Constructivism xx ; Perceptions, identities, and beliefs xx ; Militarism and Pacifism xx ; Conflict Theories xx ; Marxism xx ; DEBATE: "Americans Are from Mars, Europeans from Venus" xx ; Feminism xx ; Contexts and Applications xx ; The Individual Decisions Context xx ; Leaders and advisers xx ; CASE IN POINT: Are Veterans More Likely than Non-veterans to Support the Use of Force? xx ; Peace Psychology xx ; DEBATE: GRIT and the Spiral of Insecurity xx ; The State Policies Context xx ; Public Opinion xx ; Ideology xx ; Lobbying and security bureaucracy ; The Global Context xx ; Geopolitics xx ; Regional security xx ; Energy, resources and security xx ; The Uses of History: Ending the Cold War xx ; Background: xx ; Discussion xx ; Questions xx ; CONCLUSION xx ; KEY TERMS xx ; VISUAL REVIEW xx ; CHAPTER 6 ; International Law xx ; Ideas xx ; Law, the Role of IGOs, and International Relations xx ; Principles and Sources of International Law xx ; Development of International Law xx ; Laws of the sea xx ; Laws of war xx ; Humanitarian issues xx ; Human rights xx ; Early legal international institutions xx ; From the League of Nations to the United Nations xx ; Arguments xx ; The Realist View of International Law xx ; Sovereignty xx ; State interest xx ; CASE IN POINT: The International Criminal Court xx ; Law enforcement xx ; The Liberal View of International Law xx ; Reason and shared principles xx ; DEBATE: Why Can't We Outlaw War? Xx ; Extraterritoriality and supernationalism xx ; Universal jurisdiction xx ; The legality of war xx ; Constructivism and Other Views of International Law xx ; Constructivism's view of ideology and law xx ; Perceptions of international law xx ; Conflict theories xx ; DEBATE: From Kosovo to the Russian-Ukrainian Conflict xx ; Contexts and Applications xx ; The Individual Decisions Context xx ; Political authority xx ; The State Policies Context xx ; International law and the United States xx ; The Global Context xx ; From nationalism to supranationalism xx ; Unresolved obstacles xx ; CASE IN POINT: Rwanda and Belgium Law xx ; The Uses of History: War Crimes, Genocide, and the Legacy of Nuremberg xx ; Background xx ; Analysis xx ; Questions xx ; CONCLUSION xx ; KEY TERMS xx ; VISUAL REVIEW xx ; CHAPTER 7 ; International Political Economy xx ; Ideas xx ; The Major Factors of IPE xx ; Production and consumption xx ; Finances xx ; Financial globalization xx ; Trade xx ; DEBATE: Global Interdependence and Local Prices xx ; Main actors xx ; Arguments xx ; Mercantilism: A Prequel to IPE? Xx ; Principles of mercantilism xx ; Practices of mercantilism xx ; The Keynesian Approach xx ; Economic Liberalism and hte formation of IPE xx ; The roots and principles of economic liberalism xx ; DEBATE: National Pride and Foreign Ownership xx ; International organizations xx ; Regional trade agreements xx ; Constructivism and IPE xx ; Nationalism and Economic Politics xx ; Economic climate xx ; Conflict Theories xx ; Marxism xx ; Economic dependency xx ; CASE IN POINT: Fair Trade xx ; Contexts and Applications xx ; The Individual Decisions Context xx ; Political leadership xx ; Microeconomics xx ; CASE IN POINT: Discoveries and Innovation xx ; The State Policies Context xx ; The business of cycle and countries' economic policies xx ; Domestic politics xx ; Surplus or manageable deficit xx ; The Global Context xx ; Which economic policy? xx ; North-South divide and development xx ; Global Interdependence xx ; Multinational corporations xx ; International institutions and the global economy xx ; Economic Globalization and conflict xx ; The Uses of History: China as a Free Rider of Liberal Globalization xx ; Background: xx ; Discussion xx ; Domestic factors xx ; International factors xx ; Forecasts xx ; Questions xx ; CONCLUSION xx ; KEY TERMS xx ; VISUAL REVIEW xx ; PART III. ; TWENTY-FIRST-CENTURY CHALLENGES XX ; CHAPTER 8 ; International Terrorism xx ; Ideas xx ; Terrorism and Counterterrorism xx ; Why Definitions Are Important xx ; Legitimization of military actions xx ; Mobilization of international law xx ; Justification of other policies xx ; CASE IN POINT: The Terrorism Label Can Be Misused xx ; How Terrorism Works xx ; Assumptions and methods xx ; The "logic" and strategies of terrorism xx ; Terrorism: In the Name of What? Xx ; Anarchism xx ; Extreme nationalism xx ; Radical socialism xx ; Islamic fundamentalism xx ; DEBATE: Do Violent Groups Change? xx ; Arguments xx ; The Realist View of Terrorism xx ; Power balance xx ; Asymmetrical threats and preventative actions xx ; Counterterrorism xx ; The Liberal View of Terrorism xx ; Understanding causes of terrorism xx ; Criminalizing terrorism xx ; Liberalism and counterterrorism xx ; The Constructivist and Other Views of Terrorism xx ; CASE IN POINT Northern Ireland xx ; Three pillars of terrorism xx ; Ideology, identity, and international context xx ; DEBATE: On Moral Relativism and Terrorism xx ; Marxism and conflict theories xx ; Contexts and Applications xx ; The Individual Context xx ; The terrorist's profile xx ; Rehabilitations as counterterrorism xx ; The State Policies Context xx ; Domestic costs of counterterrorism xx ; Terrorism as a means to gain state power xx ; Democratic governance and terrorism xx ; The Global Context xx ; Threats to the global order xx ; Global waves xx ; Global counterterrorism xx ; The Uses of History: Al-Qaeda xx ; Background xx ; Key formative events xx ; Analysis xx ; Lessons xx ; Questions xx ; CONCLUSION xx ; KEY TERMS xx ; VISUAL REVIEW xx ; CHAPTER 9 ; Environmental Problems and International Politics xx ; Ideas XX ; CASE IN POINT: A Disappearing Sea xx ; Environmental Problems xx ; Air pollution xx ; Ozone depletion xx ; Climate change xx ; Deforestation xx ; Loss of wildlife xx ; Loss of clean water xx ; Disasters and Accidents xx ; Environmental Policies Today xx ; Restriction and regulation xx ; Green investments xx ; Comprehensive politics xx ; Policy implementation xx ; Arguments xx ; Realism xx ; Accidents, disasters, and security xx ; Global commons xx ; Liberalism xx ; International treaties and organizations xx ; Nongovernment organizations xx ; Public awareness xx ; "Environmental Offenders" xx ; Constructivism xx ; Alternative and Critical Views xx ; Contexts and Applications xx ; The Individual Decisions Context xx ; Environmentalism and skepticism xx ; DEBATE: Alarming and Skeptical Voices xx ; A Sense of Mission and Leadership xx ; The State Policies Context xx ; National Purpose and Partisan Politics xx ; The Democratic Context xx ; The Global Context xx ; The environment and business xx ; The need for global efforts xx ; Global policies xx ; DEBATE: "The Worst-Case Scenario" xx ; The Uses of History: A Greenpeace Story xx ; Background: the roots and methods of Greenpeace xx ; Analysis: Support and Criticism xx ; Questions xx ; CONCLUSION xx ; KEY TERMS xx ; VISUAL REVIEW xx ; CHAPTER 10 ; Humanitarian Challenges xx ; Ideas xx ; Types of Humanitarian Challenges xx ; Pandemics and infectious diseases xx ; AIDS xx ; Chronic starvation and malnutrition xx ; Acute suffering xx ; CASE IN POINT: A Massacre as the World Watched xx ; Causes of Humanitarian Crises xx ; Natural disasters xx ; Mismanagement xx ; Politics xx ; Mass Violence xx ; Extreme poverty xx ; Overpopulation xx ; Involuntary migration xx ; Interconnected problems xx ; Humanitarian Policies xx ; Humanitarian intervention xx ; Relief efforts xx ; Crisis prevention xx ; Population and migration policies xx ; DEBATE: Regulating Migration xx ; Antipoverty policies xx ; Refugee policies xx ; Arguments xx ; Realism xx ; Liberalism xx ; Theoretical principles xx ; Global governance xx ; Constructivism xx ; CASE IN POINT: Global Compact xx ; Conflict Theories xx ; Contexts and Applications xx ; The Individual Decisions Context xx ; Leader's Choices xx ; Denying or hiding problems xx ; The State Policies Context xx ; The Political Climate xx ; Favorable conditions xx ; The Global Context xx ; New and Evolving Concerns xx ; Policy Arguments xx ; Efficiency of Aid xx ; Sustainability of Success xx ; The Uses of History: Celebrities in Action xx ; Background xx ; Discussion xx ; Questions xx ; CONCLUSION xx ; KEY TERMS xx ; VISUAL REVIEW xx ; CONCLUSION: Forecasting the World of 2030 xx ; Appendix xx ; Glossary xx ; References xx ; Credits xx ; Index xx