Cognition, Evolution and Behavior

1. Cognition, Evolution and the Study of Behavior; 1.1 Cognition and Consciousness; 1.2 Kinds of Explanation of Behavior; 1.3 Approaches to Comparative Cognition; 1.4 Testing Adaptive/Evolutionary Explanations; 1.5 Evolution and Cognition; 1.6 Summary; 2. Perception and Attention; 2.1 Specialized Sensory Systems; 2.2 How Can We Find Out What Animals Perceive?; 2.3 Some Psychophisical Principles; 2.4 Signal Detection Theory; 2.5 Perception and Evolution; 2.6 Perceiving Objects; 2.7 Attention; 2.8 Summary; 3. Learning: A Framework and Its Application to Pavlovian Conditioning; 3.1 General Processes and Adaptive Specializations; 3.2 A Framework for Thinking About Learning; 3.3 When Will Learning Evolve?; 3.4 Pavlovian Conditioning; 3.5 Varieties of Associative Learning; 3.6 Summary; 4. Simple Recognition Learning; 4.1 Habituation; 4.2 Perceptual Learning; 4.3 Imprinting; 4.4 Recognition and Altruism; 5. Discrimination and Classification; 5.1 Introduction: Three Examples; 5.2 Untrained Responses to Natural Stimuli; 5.3 Classifying Complex Natural Stimuli; 5.4 Discrimination Learning; 5.5 Category Discrimination and Concepts; 5.6 Summary and Conclusions; 6. Memory; 6.1 The Issues; 6.2 Methods for Studying Memory in Animals; 6.3 Conditions for Memory; 6.4 Species Differences in Memory; 6.5 Contents of Memory; 6.6 Summary and Conclusions; 7. Getting Around; 7.1 Mechanisms for Spatial Orientation; 7.2 How is Spatial Information Integrated? Modularity and Averaging; 7.3 Do Animals Have Cognitive Maps?; 7.4 Acquiring Spatial Knowledge: The Conditions for Learning; 7.5 Summary and Conclusions; 8. Timing and Counting; 8.1 Circadian Rhythms; 8.2 Characteristics of Interval Timing; 8.3 Theories of Interval Timing; 8.4 Do Animals Count?; 8.5 Summary; 9. Foraging and Measuring Rate; 9.1 Introduction; 9.2 How Individuals Choose Patches; 9.3 Choosing Patches With a Group; 9.4 Leaving Depleting Patches; 9.5 Choosing Prey; 9.6 Assessing Risk; 9.7 Summary; 10. Learning From Others; 10.1 The Behavioral Ecology of Social Learning; 10.2 Mechanisms for Social Learning; 10.3 Vocal Imitation: Bird Song Learning; 10.4 Tool Use and Teaching; 10.5 Putting It All Together; 11. Cognitive Ethology and the Evolution of Mind; 11.1 Cognitive Ethology; 11.2 Intentions, Intentionality, and the Intentional Stance; 11.3 Monkey in the Mirror; 11.4 Theory of Mind; 11.5 The Social Theory of Intellect and Evolutionary Psychology; 11.6 Whither Cognitive Ethology; 12. Communication and Language; 12.1 Approaches to Studying Communication; 12.2 Some Natural Communication Systems; 12.3 Trying to Teach Human Language to Other Species; 12.4 Overview; 13. Summing Up and Looking Ahead; 13.1 Modularity and the Animal Mind; 13.2 How Does Cognition Evolve?; 13.3 Anthropomorphism and Representational Explanations; 13.4 Synthesizing the Ecological and Anthropocentric Program