Living Democracy, National Edition
Published on 28. January 2007
Book
Hardback
840 pages
978-0-13-049706-2 (ISBN)
Description
For undergraduate courses in American Government.
This is the book that gets students to participate.
Living Democracy gets students to participate in learning, in the classroom, and in change. The book's young and energetic author team cares deeply about student learning and student engagement. Lead author Dan Shea founded the Center for Political Participation and his experiences working with students in the classroom and in the center inspired him to team up with co-authors Joanne Connor Green (Texas Christian University) and Christopher E. Smith (Michigan State) to write an American Government text that truly inspires students and helps them experience the impact of government in their daily lives. Everything about the book-the writing, design, examples, photos, activities, and every page of the text-is designed to get students to participate in their own learning, in the classroom, and in American politics.
In a recent survey of American Government instructors, 80% named student apathy as the number one problem in their course. Students are simply not engaged in the course material or in local politics. They do not believe the government can affect change and enrich their lives. Written with the belief that introductory courses in American Government are critically important for our students-as well as for the long-term stability of the democratic process-Living Democracy is designed to help students draw connections between topics and to find a role for themselves in politics and government. The text's innovative approach to American government presents the dynamic nature of our country's democratic process more accurately than any other book currently on the market, while offering all of the material found in a comprehensive, traditionally organized government text within an active framework.
This is the book that gets students to participate.
Living Democracy gets students to participate in learning, in the classroom, and in change. The book's young and energetic author team cares deeply about student learning and student engagement. Lead author Dan Shea founded the Center for Political Participation and his experiences working with students in the classroom and in the center inspired him to team up with co-authors Joanne Connor Green (Texas Christian University) and Christopher E. Smith (Michigan State) to write an American Government text that truly inspires students and helps them experience the impact of government in their daily lives. Everything about the book-the writing, design, examples, photos, activities, and every page of the text-is designed to get students to participate in their own learning, in the classroom, and in American politics.
In a recent survey of American Government instructors, 80% named student apathy as the number one problem in their course. Students are simply not engaged in the course material or in local politics. They do not believe the government can affect change and enrich their lives. Written with the belief that introductory courses in American Government are critically important for our students-as well as for the long-term stability of the democratic process-Living Democracy is designed to help students draw connections between topics and to find a role for themselves in politics and government. The text's innovative approach to American government presents the dynamic nature of our country's democratic process more accurately than any other book currently on the market, while offering all of the material found in a comprehensive, traditionally organized government text within an active framework.
More details
Language
English
Place of publication
United States
Publishing group
Pearson Education (US)
Target group
Professional and scholarly
Dimensions
Height: 273 mm
Width: 229 mm
ISBN-13
978-0-13-049706-2 (9780130497062)
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Classification
Other editions
New editions
Daniel M. Shea | Joanne Connor Green | Christopher E. Smith
Living Democracy
Book
07/2010
2nd Edition
Pearson
€107.87
Article exhausted; check for reprint
Persons
Daniel M. Shea is a Professor of Political Science and Director of the Center for Political Participation at Allegheny College. He earned his Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Science and American Studies from the State University of New York at Oswego, his Master of Arts degree in Campaign Management from the University of West Florida, and his Ph.D. in Political Science from the State University of New York at Albany. Shea has received numerous awards for his teaching and scholarship and has authored or co-authored several books on the American political process. In the fall of 2002, he founded the Center for Political Participation (CPP) to foster a greater appreciation for political engagement and to develop hands-on programs that bring young people into the civic realm. The CPP develops programs for Allegheny students, for community partners, and for scholars nationwide, and several of their recent initiatives have garnered national media attention.
Joanne Connor Green is an Associate Professor of Political Science and the Director of Women's Studies at Texas Christian University. She earned her Bachelor's degree in Political Science from the University of Buffalo in 1990 and her Ph.D. in American Politics from the University of Florida in 1994. Green's research and teaching interests include the role of gender in congressional elections and interest group politics. She has published a number of articles in scholarly journals, including Women & Politics, as well as other academic outlets.
Christopher E. Smith is a Professor of Criminal Justice at Michigan State University. He previously taught at the University of Akron and the University of Connecticut at Hartford. He earned his Ph.D. in Political Science at the University of Connecticut at Storrs and also holds degrees from Harvard University, the University of Bristol (U.K.), and the University of Tennessee College of Law. As a specialist on courts and constitutional law, he has written more than 20 books as well as 90 scholarly articles that have appeared in a variety of journals.
Joanne Connor Green is an Associate Professor of Political Science and the Director of Women's Studies at Texas Christian University. She earned her Bachelor's degree in Political Science from the University of Buffalo in 1990 and her Ph.D. in American Politics from the University of Florida in 1994. Green's research and teaching interests include the role of gender in congressional elections and interest group politics. She has published a number of articles in scholarly journals, including Women & Politics, as well as other academic outlets.
Christopher E. Smith is a Professor of Criminal Justice at Michigan State University. He previously taught at the University of Akron and the University of Connecticut at Hartford. He earned his Ph.D. in Political Science at the University of Connecticut at Storrs and also holds degrees from Harvard University, the University of Bristol (U.K.), and the University of Tennessee College of Law. As a specialist on courts and constitutional law, he has written more than 20 books as well as 90 scholarly articles that have appeared in a variety of journals.
Content
Inside Front Cover: A Brief History of Your Most Basic Right: The Right to Vote
Voter Registration Application
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Part One: Foundations of American Government
1 American Government: Democracy in Action
American Democracy and the Individual Citizen
The Unique Democracy of the United States
Themes of This Book
Citizen Participation in Democratic Government
Pathways of Action
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: Active Students and Local Air Pollution Laws
PATHWAYS PROFILE: A. Philip Randolph
Diversity in American Society
Citizen Participation and Pathways: The Example of Abortion
Change and Stability in American Government
Sources of Stability
PATHWAYS PROFILE: The Political Culture of Our Neighbor to the North
Conclusion
2 Early Governance and the Constitutional Framework
The Cry for Liberty, Equality, . . . and Slavery?
The Nature of Government and Politics
Types of Governments
Economic Systems
Early Governance in America
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: The Sons of Liberty
The American Revolution
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Thomas Paine and the "Common Sense" of Democracy
The Declaration of Independence
The Colonial Experience and the Pathways of Change
PATHWAYS PAST AND PRESENT: Tiimothy McVeigh's Revolution?
The Articles of Confederation
Limitations of the Articles of Confederation
Shays's Rebellion: An Alternative Look
The Constitutional Convention
The Great Compromise
The Three-Fifths Compromise
The Sectional Compromise
The U.S. Constitution
The Struggle over Ratification
The Federalist Papers
The Anti-Federalists' Response
Other Challenges Faced by the New Nation
A Second Revolution
Jacksonian Democracy
Conclusion
Part Two: The Institutions of American Government
3 Federalism
No Child Left Behind and the Ongoing Debate over Authority
Why Divide Authority in the First Place?
The Evolution of Federalism in the United States
Before the Civil War
PATHWAYS PROFILE: John Marshall
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: The Civil War and the Failure of American Politics
Federalism after the Civil War
Federal Power: The Supreme Court and the New Deal
Recent Trends in Federalism
The New Deal and Cooperative Federalism
The Great Society and Creative Federalism
The Changing Nature of Federal Grants
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: Mandates to Prompt Change
New Federalism
PATHWAYS PAST AND PRESENT: Dillon's Rule versus Home Rule
Devolution
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: Intergovernmental Lobbyists
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: States' Rights-For Liberals?
The Supreme Court's Shift in Perspective
Conclusion
4 The Judiciary
Controversy over Same-Sex Marriage
Court Structure and Processes
The Adversarial System
Trial Courts
Appellate Courts
The United States Supreme Court
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Ruth Bader Ginsburg
The Power of American Judges
Constitutional and Statutory Interpretation
Judicial Review
Federal Judges' Protected Tenure
Judicial Selection and Judges' Decision Making
Judicial Selection in the Federal System
PATHWAYS PAST AND PRESENT: Diversity in the Judiciary
Judicial Selection in the States
Judges' Decision Making
Political Science and Judicial Decision Making
Action in the Court Pathway
PATHWAYS PROFILE: John G. Roberts Jr.
Interest Group Litigation
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: The NAACP and Racial Segregation
Elements of Strategy
Implementation and Impact
Judicial Policymaking and Democracy
Conclusion
5 Civil Liberties
Restrictions on Freedom of Speech
The Bill of Rights in History
Early Interpretation of the Bill of Rights
The Incorporation Process and the Nationalization of Constitutional Rights
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: Cruel and Unusual Punishment
First Amendment Rights
Freedom of Speech
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Mary Beth Tinker
Freedom of the Press
PATHWAYS PAST AND PRESENT: Supreme Court Workload
Obscenity
Freedom of Religion
Civil Liberties and Criminal Justice
The Right to Bear Arms
Search and Seizure
Self-Incrimination
Trial Rights
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Clarence Earl Gideon
Capital Punishment
Privacy
Abortion
Private Sexual Conduct
VISUAL PATHWAYS: Capital Punishment and the Courts, pp 196 & 197
Conclusion
6 Civil Rights
The Controversy over Affirmative Action
The Ideal of Equality
Equal Protection of the Law
The Fourteenth Amendment and Reconstruction
The Rise and Persistence of Racial Oppression
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Fred Korematsu
Litigation Strategies and School Segregation
Clarifying the Coverage of the Equal Protection Clause
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: Restrictive Covenants
Grassroots Mobilization and Civil Rights
African Americans and Civil Rights
PATHWAYS PAST AND PRESENT: Technology and Grassroots Mobilization
Civil Rights Legislation
Women and Civil Rights
Latinos and Civil Rights
Contemporary Civil Rights Issues
Complexity of Issues
Emerging Groups
Conclusion
7 Congress
Health, Human Services, . . . and Less Restrictive Gun Laws?
The Nature and Style of Representation
Congress and the Constitution
Redistricting
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: The Texas Redistricting Battle
Organizing the Legislative Process
Standing Committees: The Workhorses of the Legislature
What Committees Do
Political Parties in the Legislature
Legislative Leadership
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Congresswoman Nancy Pelosi Makes History
Legislative Rules and Norms
PATHWAYS PAST AND PRESENT: The Caning of Senator Charles Sumner
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: Bridges to Nowhere?
How a Bill Becomes Law
Making Laws: A Summary
Who Sits in Congress?
Gender
Race and Ethnicity
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Congresswoman Barbara Jordan of Texas
Income and Occupation
Congressional Ethics
VISUAL PATHWAYS: The Stem Cell Research Battle, pp 288 & 289
Conclusion
8 The Presidency
From Storyteller to Commander in Chief-in Seven Minutes
Early Concerns about Executive Power
The President and the Constitution
The Constitutional Convention
Article II and Ratification of the Constitution
The Evolution of the Presidency
Models of Presidential Power
PATHWAYS PAST AND PRESENT: Theodore Roosevelt and the Bully Pulpit
Institutional Changes
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: FDR Takes Charge!
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Condoleezza Rice, Secretary of State and Political Scientist
The Changing Role of the Vice President
Informal Powers of the President
First Ladies
The Many Roles of Modern Presidents
The President as Chief of State
The President as Chief Legislator
The President as Chief Diplomat
The President as Commander in Chief
The President as Chief Executive
Presidential Greatness
Conclusion
Part Three: The American Public and the Democratic Process
9 Bureaucracy
Government and Natural Disasters
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: Arsenic Standards for Drinking Water
Organization of the Federal Bureaucracy
Development of the Federal Bureaucracy
PATHWAYS PAST AND PRESENT: Reorganization of the Bureaucracy
Departments
Independent Agencies, Independent Regulatory Commissions, and Government Corporations
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Joan Claybrook
The Nature of Bureaucracy
The Image of Bureaucracy
The Advantages of Bureaucracy
The Problems of Government Bureaucracy
Reform of the Bureaucracy
The Lobbying Pathway and Policymaking
The Bureaucracy and Legislation
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Jeffrey N. Shane
The Bureaucracy and Information
Regulations
Quasi-Judicial Processes
Oversight and Accountability
Conclusion
10 Political Socialization and Public Opinion
Change in Action: Views of Homosexuality
Public Opinion
Fundamental Values
The Stability of Political Beliefs
PATHWAYS PAST AND PRESENT: Sexism Reconsidered
The Impact of Popular Culture on Political Opinions and Values
The Power of Popular Culture
From Values to Ideology
PATHWAYS PROFILE: New College Conservatives
Political Socialization
Family
School
Peers and Community
Religion
The Media
Impact of Events
Social Groups and Political Values
Economic Bases of Partisanship and Public Opinion
Education
Religion
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Jim Wallis
Race and Ethnicity
Gender
Measuring Public Opinion
Use of Polls
History of Polling
PATHWAYS PROFILE: George Gallup
Modern Polling Techniques
Survey Research
Controversies Surrounding Polling
Conclusion
VISUAL PATHWAYS: Environmental Movement, pp 410 & 411
11 The Politics of the Media
Media and Cultural Change
Mass Media
History of Mass Media
Print Media
Electronic Media
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Edward R. Murrow
Functions of the Media
Entertainment
PATHWAYS PAST AND PRESENT: The Role of Profits
Social Effects of the Media
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Dorothea Lange, Photojournalist
PATHWAYS PROFILE: The Typical Journalist
Political Use of Media
How Politicians Make the News
How Journalists Report the News
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: The Strategic Use of Leaks
How Groups Use the Media
The Media and the Public in the Political Arena
Media in Campaigns
Global Issues
Narrowcasting
Concentration and Centralization of Ownership
Governmental Regulations
The Right to Privacy
Rules regarding Content and Ownership
Challenges Related to the New Media
Conclusion
12 Civic and Political Engagement
Citizens in Action, Rocking the Vote
Activism and Protest in the United States: A Brief History
Protest in Colonial America
The Right to Revolt
Influencing the Government through Mobilization and Participation
Constitutional Guarantees for Citizen Activism and Mobilization
Early Social Movements: The First National Groups Emerge, 1830s-1890
The Abolitionist Movement
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Frederick Douglass
The Women's Rights Movement: The First Wave
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Alice Stokes Paul
The Prohibition Movement
Progressive Era Movements, 1890s-1920
The Rise of Labor Unions
Business Groups and Trade Associations
New Politics: Mass Movements of the Modern Era
Vietnam and the Antiwar Movement
The Civil Rights Movement
The Women's Rights Movement: The Second Wave
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: The Equal Rights Amendment
The Gay Rights Movement
Conservative Christian Groups
Pathways Profile: James Dobson
Older and Newer Mobilization Tactics
Theory versus Practice
Free Association and Expression versus National Security
9/11 and the USA Patriot Act
Freedom, Activism, and Public Opinion
The Age of Apathy?
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: Youth Groups
Conclusion
VISUAL PATHWAYS: Immigration Debate, pp 492 & 493
13 Interest Groups
The Power of the National Rifle Association
The Role of Interest Groups in the Policy Process
What Are Interest Groups?
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: LULAC
Functions of Interest Groups in a Democratic Society
The Interest Group Explosion
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Ralph Nader
Types of Interest Groups
Bias in Representation: Who Participates?
Difficulties in Mobilization
Overcoming Organizational Barriers
The Role of Interest Group Leaders
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Bruce S. Gordon
Inside and Outside Lobbying
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: The K Street Project
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Recording Artists Coalition
Outside Lobbying
Lobbying Other Groups and Forming Alliances
Grassroots Mobilization
Grassroots Lobbying Tactics
Campaign Activities
PATHWAYS PAST AND PRESENT: Traditional Volunteers versus Paid Professionals
The Importance of Money in Mobilization
Uses of Money
Fundraising Tactics
Interest Group Influence
Conclusion
14 Elections and Political Participation in America
How Much for That Senate Seat?
Elections and Democratic Theory
Republicanism and Different Ways to Select Leaders
Elections as an Expression of Popular Will
Stability and Legitimacy
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: The Power of the Purple Finger
Civic Education
Fulfilling One's Civic Duty
A Safety Valve
The Limitations of Elections
Elections as a Placebo
A Poor Measure of Public Sentiment
The Atomization of Politics
Constricting the Pool of Public Officials
A Broken Process?
Elections and the Law
The Electoral College
PATHWAYS PAST AND PRESENT: Four Winners Who Lost
Amendments to the Constitution and the Electoral Process
Voting and Legislative Acts
Referendums, Initiatives, and Recalls
The Future of the Ballot Initiative as a Pathway of Change
The Role of Money in Elections
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Two Innovative Campaign Operatives
The Rage for Reform
Political Action Committees
The Incumbent Fundraising Advantage
Reforming the Reforms: BCRA
The Ironies of Money and Politics
Levels of Political Participation
The Shrinking Electorate
Why Has Turnout Declined?
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Mark Shield-"This I Believe"
Voting and Demographic Characteristics
Are Young Voters Tuning Out?
Are They Getting the Message? Young Voters in the 2004 and 2006 Elections
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Citizen Change: Puffy Gets Political
Conclusion
VISUAL PATHWAYS: The Struggle over Same-Sex Marriage, pp 572 & 573
Part Four: Public Policy
15 Political Parties
Religion and Party Politics
What Is a Political Party?
Party Functions
The Components of Political Parties
Party-in-Government
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: The Contract with America
Party-in-the-Electorate
Realignment Theory
Party-as-Organization
Party Eras in American History
Phase 1: The Emergence of Parties in America (1790s-1828)
Phase 2: The Heyday of Parties (1828-1900)
Phase 3: Party Decline (1900-1970s)
Phase 4. Organizational Resurgence (1970s-Present)
Minor Parties in American Politics
Barriers to Minor Party Success
Minor Parties in American History
Minor Parties in the Twenty-First Century
Political Parties and Ideology
The Nomination Process
Different Primary Systems
Presidential Nominations
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: Howard Dean's Innovative Internet Campaign
A More Democratic Process?
Conclusion
16 Public Policy in the United States
Hooters and Polluters: The Politics of Public Policy
The Nature of Public Policy
Ideas and Values in Public Policy
Freedom
Equality
Political Ideology
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Rachel Carson
Types of Public Policy
The Public Policy Process
Identifying the Problem
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: Mothers Against Drunk Driving
Setting an Agenda
Formulating and Legitimizing Policy
PATHWAYS PAST AND PRESENT: The Welfare Debate
Implementing Policy
Alternative Views of the Policy Process
Conclusion
17 Making Economic Policy
A Bridge Too Far
Economic Basics
The Big Five: Measuring Economic Performance
Fiscal Policy
Major Actors
Key Congressional Players
Revenue
Income Taxes
Payroll Taxes
The Tax Burden
Corporate Taxes
Other Taxes
Tax Analysis
Intended and Unintended Consequences: Dynamic Modeling
Expenditures
Social Security
Defense
Income Security
Government Medical Care
Interest and Other Spending
Long-Term Budget Challenges: The Coming Storm
Addressing the Problem
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: AARP
Monetary Policy
The Federal Reserve Board
The Fed in Action
Monetary Policy and Fiscal Policy
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Alan Greenspan
Regulatory Policy
Trade Policy and Globalization
Conclusion
18 Foreign and National Security Policy
September 11, 2001
Competing Principles for American Foreign Policy
Conflicting Evaluations of the Iraq War
PATHWAYS PAST AND PRESENT: The United States and Latin America
Echoes from the Past
Foreign and Domestic Policy
Links between Foreign and Domestic Policy
International Influence on U.S. Political Activity
International and Domestic Gains and Losses
Making American Foreign Policy
The Domestic Context
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: Randall Robinson and TransAfrica
Political Institutions
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Madeleine Albright
Foreign Policy and National Security Issues
Military Security Issues
Economic and Foreign Trade Issues
Human Welfare Issues
Conclusion
Appendices
1 Declaration of Independence of the Thirteen Colonies (annotated)
2 The Constitution of the United States (annotated)
3 The Federalist, No. 10, James Madison
4 The Federalist, No. 51, James Madison
5 The Gettysburg Address, Abraham Lincoln
6 I Have a Dream, Martin Luther King
7 Presidents and Congresses
8 Supreme Court Justices
9 ABC News Video Student Guide
Glossary
Notes
Credits
Index
ABC News American Government Student Library DVDs
Voter Registration Application
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Part One: Foundations of American Government
1 American Government: Democracy in Action
American Democracy and the Individual Citizen
The Unique Democracy of the United States
Themes of This Book
Citizen Participation in Democratic Government
Pathways of Action
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: Active Students and Local Air Pollution Laws
PATHWAYS PROFILE: A. Philip Randolph
Diversity in American Society
Citizen Participation and Pathways: The Example of Abortion
Change and Stability in American Government
Sources of Stability
PATHWAYS PROFILE: The Political Culture of Our Neighbor to the North
Conclusion
2 Early Governance and the Constitutional Framework
The Cry for Liberty, Equality, . . . and Slavery?
The Nature of Government and Politics
Types of Governments
Economic Systems
Early Governance in America
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: The Sons of Liberty
The American Revolution
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Thomas Paine and the "Common Sense" of Democracy
The Declaration of Independence
The Colonial Experience and the Pathways of Change
PATHWAYS PAST AND PRESENT: Tiimothy McVeigh's Revolution?
The Articles of Confederation
Limitations of the Articles of Confederation
Shays's Rebellion: An Alternative Look
The Constitutional Convention
The Great Compromise
The Three-Fifths Compromise
The Sectional Compromise
The U.S. Constitution
The Struggle over Ratification
The Federalist Papers
The Anti-Federalists' Response
Other Challenges Faced by the New Nation
A Second Revolution
Jacksonian Democracy
Conclusion
Part Two: The Institutions of American Government
3 Federalism
No Child Left Behind and the Ongoing Debate over Authority
Why Divide Authority in the First Place?
The Evolution of Federalism in the United States
Before the Civil War
PATHWAYS PROFILE: John Marshall
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: The Civil War and the Failure of American Politics
Federalism after the Civil War
Federal Power: The Supreme Court and the New Deal
Recent Trends in Federalism
The New Deal and Cooperative Federalism
The Great Society and Creative Federalism
The Changing Nature of Federal Grants
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: Mandates to Prompt Change
New Federalism
PATHWAYS PAST AND PRESENT: Dillon's Rule versus Home Rule
Devolution
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: Intergovernmental Lobbyists
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: States' Rights-For Liberals?
The Supreme Court's Shift in Perspective
Conclusion
4 The Judiciary
Controversy over Same-Sex Marriage
Court Structure and Processes
The Adversarial System
Trial Courts
Appellate Courts
The United States Supreme Court
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Ruth Bader Ginsburg
The Power of American Judges
Constitutional and Statutory Interpretation
Judicial Review
Federal Judges' Protected Tenure
Judicial Selection and Judges' Decision Making
Judicial Selection in the Federal System
PATHWAYS PAST AND PRESENT: Diversity in the Judiciary
Judicial Selection in the States
Judges' Decision Making
Political Science and Judicial Decision Making
Action in the Court Pathway
PATHWAYS PROFILE: John G. Roberts Jr.
Interest Group Litigation
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: The NAACP and Racial Segregation
Elements of Strategy
Implementation and Impact
Judicial Policymaking and Democracy
Conclusion
5 Civil Liberties
Restrictions on Freedom of Speech
The Bill of Rights in History
Early Interpretation of the Bill of Rights
The Incorporation Process and the Nationalization of Constitutional Rights
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: Cruel and Unusual Punishment
First Amendment Rights
Freedom of Speech
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Mary Beth Tinker
Freedom of the Press
PATHWAYS PAST AND PRESENT: Supreme Court Workload
Obscenity
Freedom of Religion
Civil Liberties and Criminal Justice
The Right to Bear Arms
Search and Seizure
Self-Incrimination
Trial Rights
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Clarence Earl Gideon
Capital Punishment
Privacy
Abortion
Private Sexual Conduct
VISUAL PATHWAYS: Capital Punishment and the Courts, pp 196 & 197
Conclusion
6 Civil Rights
The Controversy over Affirmative Action
The Ideal of Equality
Equal Protection of the Law
The Fourteenth Amendment and Reconstruction
The Rise and Persistence of Racial Oppression
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Fred Korematsu
Litigation Strategies and School Segregation
Clarifying the Coverage of the Equal Protection Clause
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: Restrictive Covenants
Grassroots Mobilization and Civil Rights
African Americans and Civil Rights
PATHWAYS PAST AND PRESENT: Technology and Grassroots Mobilization
Civil Rights Legislation
Women and Civil Rights
Latinos and Civil Rights
Contemporary Civil Rights Issues
Complexity of Issues
Emerging Groups
Conclusion
7 Congress
Health, Human Services, . . . and Less Restrictive Gun Laws?
The Nature and Style of Representation
Congress and the Constitution
Redistricting
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: The Texas Redistricting Battle
Organizing the Legislative Process
Standing Committees: The Workhorses of the Legislature
What Committees Do
Political Parties in the Legislature
Legislative Leadership
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Congresswoman Nancy Pelosi Makes History
Legislative Rules and Norms
PATHWAYS PAST AND PRESENT: The Caning of Senator Charles Sumner
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: Bridges to Nowhere?
How a Bill Becomes Law
Making Laws: A Summary
Who Sits in Congress?
Gender
Race and Ethnicity
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Congresswoman Barbara Jordan of Texas
Income and Occupation
Congressional Ethics
VISUAL PATHWAYS: The Stem Cell Research Battle, pp 288 & 289
Conclusion
8 The Presidency
From Storyteller to Commander in Chief-in Seven Minutes
Early Concerns about Executive Power
The President and the Constitution
The Constitutional Convention
Article II and Ratification of the Constitution
The Evolution of the Presidency
Models of Presidential Power
PATHWAYS PAST AND PRESENT: Theodore Roosevelt and the Bully Pulpit
Institutional Changes
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: FDR Takes Charge!
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Condoleezza Rice, Secretary of State and Political Scientist
The Changing Role of the Vice President
Informal Powers of the President
First Ladies
The Many Roles of Modern Presidents
The President as Chief of State
The President as Chief Legislator
The President as Chief Diplomat
The President as Commander in Chief
The President as Chief Executive
Presidential Greatness
Conclusion
Part Three: The American Public and the Democratic Process
9 Bureaucracy
Government and Natural Disasters
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: Arsenic Standards for Drinking Water
Organization of the Federal Bureaucracy
Development of the Federal Bureaucracy
PATHWAYS PAST AND PRESENT: Reorganization of the Bureaucracy
Departments
Independent Agencies, Independent Regulatory Commissions, and Government Corporations
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Joan Claybrook
The Nature of Bureaucracy
The Image of Bureaucracy
The Advantages of Bureaucracy
The Problems of Government Bureaucracy
Reform of the Bureaucracy
The Lobbying Pathway and Policymaking
The Bureaucracy and Legislation
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Jeffrey N. Shane
The Bureaucracy and Information
Regulations
Quasi-Judicial Processes
Oversight and Accountability
Conclusion
10 Political Socialization and Public Opinion
Change in Action: Views of Homosexuality
Public Opinion
Fundamental Values
The Stability of Political Beliefs
PATHWAYS PAST AND PRESENT: Sexism Reconsidered
The Impact of Popular Culture on Political Opinions and Values
The Power of Popular Culture
From Values to Ideology
PATHWAYS PROFILE: New College Conservatives
Political Socialization
Family
School
Peers and Community
Religion
The Media
Impact of Events
Social Groups and Political Values
Economic Bases of Partisanship and Public Opinion
Education
Religion
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Jim Wallis
Race and Ethnicity
Gender
Measuring Public Opinion
Use of Polls
History of Polling
PATHWAYS PROFILE: George Gallup
Modern Polling Techniques
Survey Research
Controversies Surrounding Polling
Conclusion
VISUAL PATHWAYS: Environmental Movement, pp 410 & 411
11 The Politics of the Media
Media and Cultural Change
Mass Media
History of Mass Media
Print Media
Electronic Media
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Edward R. Murrow
Functions of the Media
Entertainment
PATHWAYS PAST AND PRESENT: The Role of Profits
Social Effects of the Media
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Dorothea Lange, Photojournalist
PATHWAYS PROFILE: The Typical Journalist
Political Use of Media
How Politicians Make the News
How Journalists Report the News
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: The Strategic Use of Leaks
How Groups Use the Media
The Media and the Public in the Political Arena
Media in Campaigns
Global Issues
Narrowcasting
Concentration and Centralization of Ownership
Governmental Regulations
The Right to Privacy
Rules regarding Content and Ownership
Challenges Related to the New Media
Conclusion
12 Civic and Political Engagement
Citizens in Action, Rocking the Vote
Activism and Protest in the United States: A Brief History
Protest in Colonial America
The Right to Revolt
Influencing the Government through Mobilization and Participation
Constitutional Guarantees for Citizen Activism and Mobilization
Early Social Movements: The First National Groups Emerge, 1830s-1890
The Abolitionist Movement
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Frederick Douglass
The Women's Rights Movement: The First Wave
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Alice Stokes Paul
The Prohibition Movement
Progressive Era Movements, 1890s-1920
The Rise of Labor Unions
Business Groups and Trade Associations
New Politics: Mass Movements of the Modern Era
Vietnam and the Antiwar Movement
The Civil Rights Movement
The Women's Rights Movement: The Second Wave
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: The Equal Rights Amendment
The Gay Rights Movement
Conservative Christian Groups
Pathways Profile: James Dobson
Older and Newer Mobilization Tactics
Theory versus Practice
Free Association and Expression versus National Security
9/11 and the USA Patriot Act
Freedom, Activism, and Public Opinion
The Age of Apathy?
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: Youth Groups
Conclusion
VISUAL PATHWAYS: Immigration Debate, pp 492 & 493
13 Interest Groups
The Power of the National Rifle Association
The Role of Interest Groups in the Policy Process
What Are Interest Groups?
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: LULAC
Functions of Interest Groups in a Democratic Society
The Interest Group Explosion
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Ralph Nader
Types of Interest Groups
Bias in Representation: Who Participates?
Difficulties in Mobilization
Overcoming Organizational Barriers
The Role of Interest Group Leaders
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Bruce S. Gordon
Inside and Outside Lobbying
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: The K Street Project
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Recording Artists Coalition
Outside Lobbying
Lobbying Other Groups and Forming Alliances
Grassroots Mobilization
Grassroots Lobbying Tactics
Campaign Activities
PATHWAYS PAST AND PRESENT: Traditional Volunteers versus Paid Professionals
The Importance of Money in Mobilization
Uses of Money
Fundraising Tactics
Interest Group Influence
Conclusion
14 Elections and Political Participation in America
How Much for That Senate Seat?
Elections and Democratic Theory
Republicanism and Different Ways to Select Leaders
Elections as an Expression of Popular Will
Stability and Legitimacy
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: The Power of the Purple Finger
Civic Education
Fulfilling One's Civic Duty
A Safety Valve
The Limitations of Elections
Elections as a Placebo
A Poor Measure of Public Sentiment
The Atomization of Politics
Constricting the Pool of Public Officials
A Broken Process?
Elections and the Law
The Electoral College
PATHWAYS PAST AND PRESENT: Four Winners Who Lost
Amendments to the Constitution and the Electoral Process
Voting and Legislative Acts
Referendums, Initiatives, and Recalls
The Future of the Ballot Initiative as a Pathway of Change
The Role of Money in Elections
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Two Innovative Campaign Operatives
The Rage for Reform
Political Action Committees
The Incumbent Fundraising Advantage
Reforming the Reforms: BCRA
The Ironies of Money and Politics
Levels of Political Participation
The Shrinking Electorate
Why Has Turnout Declined?
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Mark Shield-"This I Believe"
Voting and Demographic Characteristics
Are Young Voters Tuning Out?
Are They Getting the Message? Young Voters in the 2004 and 2006 Elections
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Citizen Change: Puffy Gets Political
Conclusion
VISUAL PATHWAYS: The Struggle over Same-Sex Marriage, pp 572 & 573
Part Four: Public Policy
15 Political Parties
Religion and Party Politics
What Is a Political Party?
Party Functions
The Components of Political Parties
Party-in-Government
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: The Contract with America
Party-in-the-Electorate
Realignment Theory
Party-as-Organization
Party Eras in American History
Phase 1: The Emergence of Parties in America (1790s-1828)
Phase 2: The Heyday of Parties (1828-1900)
Phase 3: Party Decline (1900-1970s)
Phase 4. Organizational Resurgence (1970s-Present)
Minor Parties in American Politics
Barriers to Minor Party Success
Minor Parties in American History
Minor Parties in the Twenty-First Century
Political Parties and Ideology
The Nomination Process
Different Primary Systems
Presidential Nominations
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: Howard Dean's Innovative Internet Campaign
A More Democratic Process?
Conclusion
16 Public Policy in the United States
Hooters and Polluters: The Politics of Public Policy
The Nature of Public Policy
Ideas and Values in Public Policy
Freedom
Equality
Political Ideology
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Rachel Carson
Types of Public Policy
The Public Policy Process
Identifying the Problem
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: Mothers Against Drunk Driving
Setting an Agenda
Formulating and Legitimizing Policy
PATHWAYS PAST AND PRESENT: The Welfare Debate
Implementing Policy
Alternative Views of the Policy Process
Conclusion
17 Making Economic Policy
A Bridge Too Far
Economic Basics
The Big Five: Measuring Economic Performance
Fiscal Policy
Major Actors
Key Congressional Players
Revenue
Income Taxes
Payroll Taxes
The Tax Burden
Corporate Taxes
Other Taxes
Tax Analysis
Intended and Unintended Consequences: Dynamic Modeling
Expenditures
Social Security
Defense
Income Security
Government Medical Care
Interest and Other Spending
Long-Term Budget Challenges: The Coming Storm
Addressing the Problem
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: AARP
Monetary Policy
The Federal Reserve Board
The Fed in Action
Monetary Policy and Fiscal Policy
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Alan Greenspan
Regulatory Policy
Trade Policy and Globalization
Conclusion
18 Foreign and National Security Policy
September 11, 2001
Competing Principles for American Foreign Policy
Conflicting Evaluations of the Iraq War
PATHWAYS PAST AND PRESENT: The United States and Latin America
Echoes from the Past
Foreign and Domestic Policy
Links between Foreign and Domestic Policy
International Influence on U.S. Political Activity
International and Domestic Gains and Losses
Making American Foreign Policy
The Domestic Context
PATHWAYS OF ACTION: Randall Robinson and TransAfrica
Political Institutions
PATHWAYS PROFILE: Madeleine Albright
Foreign Policy and National Security Issues
Military Security Issues
Economic and Foreign Trade Issues
Human Welfare Issues
Conclusion
Appendices
1 Declaration of Independence of the Thirteen Colonies (annotated)
2 The Constitution of the United States (annotated)
3 The Federalist, No. 10, James Madison
4 The Federalist, No. 51, James Madison
5 The Gettysburg Address, Abraham Lincoln
6 I Have a Dream, Martin Luther King
7 Presidents and Congresses
8 Supreme Court Justices
9 ABC News Video Student Guide
Glossary
Notes
Credits
Index
ABC News American Government Student Library DVDs