Against the Grain
A Deep History of the Earliest States
Published on 11. September 2018
Book
Paperback/Softback
336 pages
978-0-300-24021-4 (ISBN)
Description
An account of all the new and surprising evidence now available that contradicts the standard narrative for the beginnings of the earliest civilizations
An Economist Best History Book 2017
"Scott is one of those rare academics whose writing is a thing of beauty."-Rana Dasgupta, The Week
"Scott hits the nail squarely on the head by exposing the staggering price our ancestors paid for civilization and political order."-Walter Scheidel, Financial Times
Why did humans abandon hunting and gathering for sedentary communities dependent on livestock and cereal grains, and governed by precursors of today's states? Most people believe that plant and animal domestication allowed humans, finally, to settle down and form agricultural villages, towns, and states, which made possible civilization, law, public order, and a presumably secure way of living. But archaeological and historical evidence challenges this narrative. The first agrarian states, says James C. Scott, were born of accumulations of domestications: first fire, then plants, livestock, subjects of the state, captives, and finally women in the patriarchal family-all of which can be viewed as a way of gaining control over reproduction.
Scott explores why we avoided sedentism and plow agriculture, the advantages of mobile subsistence, the unforeseeable disease epidemics arising from crowding plants, animals, and grain, and why all early states are based on millets and cereal grains and unfree labor. He also discusses the "barbarians" who long evaded state control, as a way of understanding continuing tension between states and nonsubject peoples.
An Economist Best History Book 2017
"Scott is one of those rare academics whose writing is a thing of beauty."-Rana Dasgupta, The Week
"Scott hits the nail squarely on the head by exposing the staggering price our ancestors paid for civilization and political order."-Walter Scheidel, Financial Times
Why did humans abandon hunting and gathering for sedentary communities dependent on livestock and cereal grains, and governed by precursors of today's states? Most people believe that plant and animal domestication allowed humans, finally, to settle down and form agricultural villages, towns, and states, which made possible civilization, law, public order, and a presumably secure way of living. But archaeological and historical evidence challenges this narrative. The first agrarian states, says James C. Scott, were born of accumulations of domestications: first fire, then plants, livestock, subjects of the state, captives, and finally women in the patriarchal family-all of which can be viewed as a way of gaining control over reproduction.
Scott explores why we avoided sedentism and plow agriculture, the advantages of mobile subsistence, the unforeseeable disease epidemics arising from crowding plants, animals, and grain, and why all early states are based on millets and cereal grains and unfree labor. He also discusses the "barbarians" who long evaded state control, as a way of understanding continuing tension between states and nonsubject peoples.
Reviews / Votes
"Written with great enthusiasm and characteristic flair. . . . Scott hits the nail squarely on the head by exposing the staggering price our ancestors paid for civilisation and political order."-Walter Scheidel, Financial Times"[Scott's work] has focussed on a skeptical, peasant's-eye view of state formation. . . . His best-known book, Seeing Like a State, has become a touchstone for political scientists, and amounts to a blistering critique of central planning and 'high modernism.' . . . Scott's new book extends these ideas into the deep past, and draws on existing research to argue that ours is not a story of linear progress, that the time line is much more complicated, and that the causal sequences of the standard version are wrong."-John Lanchester, New Yorker
"Scott's research is extraordinarily meticulous and detailed, and the lives of his imagined first citizens are unlike anything existing today. . . . Against the Grain deserves a wide readership. It has made me look afresh at the urban world."-Tim Flannery, New York Review of Books
"Against the Grain delivers not only a darker story but also a broad understanding of the forces that shaped the formation of states and why they collapsed - right up to the industrial age . . . an excellent book."-Ben Collyer, New Scientist
"Scott's original book is history as it should be written."- Barry Cunliffe, Guardian
"James C. Scott's oeuvre is among the most important in contemporary political theory. Against the Grain is a significant addition to it, as Scott issues the challenge of an anti-authoritarian approach to our political origins."-Crispin Sartwell, Times Literary Supplement
"Scott offers an alternative to the conventional narrative that is altogether more fascinating, not least in the way it omits any self-congratulation about human achievement. His account of the deep past doesn't purport to be definitive, but it is surely more accurate than the one we are used to."-Steven Mithen, London Review of Books
"Forget the Paleo Diet: Scott goes all the way in showing how early nomadic peoples in the Fertile Crescent were fitter, happier and more productive than the semi-enslaved ziggurat-builders of the ancient Mesopotamian cities."-James Whipple (M.E.S.H), Frieze
"This is an important book, which should be read by every educated person. The story it tells is so different, so opposed, to the received narrative it deserves to be everywhere known. Scott's presentation of evidence is so complete that the received narrative simply can no longer stand. Additionally, Scott writes extremely well: a clear, unambiguous, approachable style, with occasional sparkles of gentle humour to ease the way. The book is an intellectual delight."-George Gale, Metascience
"Scott is one of those rare academics whose writing is a thing of beauty."-Rana Dasgupta, The Week
"Fascinating."-George Monbiot, Guardian
"History as it should be written-an analysis of the deep forces exposed to the eternal conflict between humans and their environment. What makes it even more welcome is that it has been written with the enthusiasm of discovery."-Barry Cunliffe, Guardian
An Economist Best History Book 2017
"Against the Grain is likely bound to shape how we think about this topic for years to come."-Johann Strube, Agriculture and Human Values
"Against the Grain delivers what is says on the tin and is a fine piece of historical counter-narrative, with elements of environmental history woven throughout. . .This results in a book that is fascinating, readable, but above all thought-provoking. It certainly made me ponder the 'civil' part in civilization."-Leon Vlieger, Natural History Book Service
"The value of the book . . . is precisely in the sorts of provocative questions it raises and the debates it will spark. Scott brings archaeology into one of the most important insights of his wider project, that states are neither inevitable nor neutral. In doing so, he has created a space in which archaeology becomes relevant for current political concerns, and for this reason alone his book should be widely read."-Antiquity
"James C. Scott is one of the historians of our times who delights in compelling us to rethink received wisdom and chart out fresh trajectories through the past, even as he constantly reminds us of our present locations. In reading his works, we anticipate challenges, irreverence and insights. This slim volume does, to some extent, live up to these expectations."-Kumkum Roy, Studies in History
"James Scott's latest volume is a wide-ranging yet incisive synthesis of the origins of civilization within the context of early sedentism, agro-ecology and the fragility of the archaic state."-Vernon L. Scarborough, Human Ecology
"This is an important book, which should be read by every educated person. The story it tells is so different, so opposed, to the received narrative it deserves to be everywhere known. Scott's presentation of evidence is so complete that the received narrative simply can no longer stand. Additionally, Scott writes extremely well: a clear, unambiguous, approachable style, with occasional sparkles of gentle humor to ease the way. The book is an intellectual delight."-George Gale, Metascience
"In an authoritative and gripping re-imagining of human history, Scott dives deep into the initial development of farming several thousand years ago. This book led me to revisit my ideas about the past and to ponder anew about life in the present."-Alison Richard, The Week
"Scott is one of those rare academics whose writing is a thing of beauty."-Rana Dasgupta, The Week
Finalist for the 2018 CT Book Award
"I admire Against the Grain very much. It is the most confirming and clarifying book about agriculture that I have read in a long time."-Wendell Berry, as written in a letter to James C. Scott
"This is a brilliant, accessible, and highly original account of the origins of sedentism, farming, states, and the relations between agrarian and nomadic communities. It should attract a wider audience than any of Scott's earlier books."-J. R. McNeill, co-author of The Great Acceleration: An Environmental History of the Anthropocene since 1945
"A sweeping and provocative look at the 'rise of civilization,' focusing particularly on those parts, peoples, and issues that are normally overlooked in conventional historical narratives."-Alison Betts, The University of Sydney
"Brilliant, sparkling, dissident scholarship. In Scott's hands, agriculture looks like a terrible choice, states and empires look fragile, ephemeral, and predatory, and the 'barbarians' beyond their borders lived in relative freedom and affluence."-David Christian, Macquarie University, Sydney
"This book is fascinating and original, containing a lesson on every page. Brilliant. James Scott is a legend."-Tim Harford, author of Messy and The Undercover Economist
More details
Language
English
Place of publication
United States
Product notice
Paperback (trade)
Illustrations
13 b-w illus.
Dimensions
Height: 137 mm
Width: 205 mm
Thickness: 26 mm
Weight
348 gr
ISBN-13
978-0-300-24021-4 (9780300240214)
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Classification
Person
James C. Scott (1936-2024) was Sterling Professor of Political Science and codirector of the Agrarian Studies Program at Yale University. His previous books include Domination and the Arts of Resistance, Seeing Like a State, and The Art of Not Being Governed.