Human Physiology
2nd Edition
Published on 17. July 1989
Book
Hardback
XXXVI, 827 pages
978-3-540-19432-3 (ISBN)
Description
This book first appeared in English in 1983, as a translation of the 20th Edition of the long-established German textbook Physi%gie des Menschen. In this new English edition the text has been fundamentally "rejuvenated", to bring it up to date with the rapid advances in many areas of physiology and to incorporate many helpful suggestions from both readers and colleagues. In its scope and didac tic goals, the book remains as we set forth in the Preface to the First Edition, which follows. First, the content was substantially reorganized. The general aspects of cell physiol ogy and intercellular communication, which underlie the functions of all organs, were extracted from the various chapters and brought together in a separate intro ductory section. We are most grateful to our colleague J. DUDEL for undertaking this task. The second step was to make the text more concise in several places (for instance, the motor and somatovisceral systems previously occupied two chapters and have now been condensed into one). By these processes of condensation and distillation of the passages on general cell physiology, space was made for the necessary addi tions and expansions, with only a slight change in the overall length of the book.
More details
Edition
2nd., completely rev. ed.
Language
English
Place of publication
Heidelberg
Germany
Publishing group
Springer Berlin
Target group
College/higher education
Edition type
Revised edition
Illustrations
biography
Weight
1940 gr
ISBN-13
978-3-540-19432-3 (9783540194323)
DOI
10.1007/978-3-642-73831-9
Schweitzer Classification
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Robert F. Schmidt | Gerhard Thews
Human Physiology
E-Book
12/2012
2nd Edition
Springer
€82.38
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Previous edition
R.F. Schmidt | G. Thews
Human Physiology
Book
11/1982
Springer
€85.55
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Content
I. General Physiology of the Cell and of Intercellular Communication.- 1 Fundamentals of Cell Physiology.- 1.1 The Cell as a Compartment for Physiological Exchange Processes.- 1.2 Exchange of Substances between Cell and Surroundings.- 1.3 Exchange of Substances within the Cell.- 1.4 Control of Cell Functions.- 1.5 References.- 2 Information Transfer by Electrical Excitation.- 2.1 Resting Potential.- 2.2 The Action Potential.- 2.3 Currents through Potential-Dependent Membrane Channels.- 2.4 Electrotonus and Stimulus.- 2.5 Propagation of the Action Potential.- 2.6 The Triggering of Impulse Volleys by Long-Lasting Depolarization.- 2.7 References.- 3 Transmission of Excitation from Cell to Cell.- 3.1 Chemical Synaptic Transmission.- 3.2 Interactions of Synapses.- 3.3 Microphysiology of Chemical Synaptic Transmission.- 3.4 Electrical Synaptic Transmission.- 3.5 References.- II. Motor and Integrative Functions of the Nervous System; Muscle Physiology.- 4 Muscle.- 4.1 The Molecular Mechansim of Contraction.- 4.2 The Regulation of Muscle Contraction.- 4.3 Muscle Mechanics.- 4.4 Muscle Energetics.- 4.5 Smooth Muscle.- 4.6 References.- 5 Motor Systems.- 5.1 Neural Control of Posture and Movement : A Survey.- 5.2 Sensors for Motor Functions: Muscle Spindles and Tendon Organs.- 5.3 Spinal Motor Reflexes.- 5.4 Motor Centers in the Brainstem.- 5.5 Cerebellum.- 5.6 Basal Ganglia.- 5.7 Motor Fields of the Cerebral Cortex.- 5.8 Functional Restitution after Lesions in the Motor System.- 5.9 References.- 6 Integrative Functions of the Central Nervous System.- 6.1 Definition and Localization of Integrative Functions.- 6.2 General Physiology of the Cerebral Cortex.- 6.3 Waking and Sleeping.- 6.4 Neurophysiological Correlates of Consciousness and Speech.- 6.5 Plasticity, Learning, Memory.- 6.6 Functions of the Frontal Lobes.- 6.7 References.- 7 The Nervous System in the Context of Information Theory.- 7.1 Introduction to Information Theory.- 7.2 Information Theory in Sensory Physiology.- 7.3 Measurement of Information in Psychology.- 7.4 References.- III. General and Special Sensory Physiology.- 8 General Sensory Physiology.- 8.1 Subject Matter of General Sensory Physiology.- 8.2 General Objective Sensory Physiology.- 8.3 General Subjective Sensory Physiology.- 8.4 Integrative Sensory Physiology.- 8.5 References.- 9 The Somatovisceral Sensory System.- 9.1 Psychophysics of Cutaneous Mechanoreception.- 9.2 Cutaneous Mechanosensors.- 9.3 Psychophysics of Thermoreception.- 9.4 Thermosensors.- 9.5 Visceral Sensibility.- 9.6 Proprioception.- 9.7 Functional and Anatomical Survey of the Central Somatosensory System.- 9.8 The Transfer of Somatovisceral Information in the Spinal Cord.- 9.9 Somatosensory Functions of the Brainstem.- 9.10 Thalamus.- 9.11 Somatosensory Projection Areas in the Cortex.- 9.12 Control of Afferent Input in the Somatosensory System.- 9.13 References.- 10 Nociception and Pain.- 10.1 The Characterization of Pain.- 10.2 Neurophysiology of Pain.- 10.3 Pathophysiology of Nociception and Pain.- 10.4 Endogenous and Exogenous Inhibition of Pain.- 10.5 References.- 11 The Sense of Sight.- 11.1 Seeing, Looking, Gazing.- 11.2 Light and the Eye.- 11.3 Signal Reception and Processing in the Retina.- 11.4 Neurophysiology and Psychophysics of the Perception of Light and Dark.- 11.5 Signal Processing in the Central Visual System.- 11.6 Practical and Clinical Applications of Visual Physiology.- 11.7 Color Vision.- 11.8 References.- 12 Physiology of the Sense of Equilibrium, Hearing and Speech.- 12.1 Physiology of the Sense of Equilibrium.- 12.2 Physiology of Hearing.- 12.3 Physiology of the Speech Apparatus.- 12.4 References.- 13 Taste and Smell.- 13.1 Characterization of the Chemical Senses.- 13.2 The Sense of Taste.- 13.3 The Sense of Smell.- 13.4 References.- 14 Thirst and Hunger: General Sensations.- 14.1 Thirst.- 14.2 Hunger.- 14.3 References.- IV. Neuronal and Hormonal Regulatory Processes.- 15 General Principles of Regulation.- 15.1 Basic Elements of Biological and Technical Control Circuits.- 15.2 Dynamic and Static Behavior of Control Circuits.- 15.3 Special Features of Control Systems.- 15.4 References.- 16 Autonomic Nervous System.- 16.1 Peripheral Autonomic Nervous System.- 16.2 Central Organization of the Autonomic Nervous System in Spinal Cord and Brainstem.- 16.3 Micturition and Defecation.- 16.4 Genital Reflexes.- 16.5 Functions of the Hypothalamus.- 16.6 Limbic System and Behavior.- 16.7 References.- 17 Endocrinology.- 17.1 General Aspects of Endocrinology.- 17.2 The Posterior Pituitary System.- 17.3 The Anterior Pituitary System.- 17.4 The Thyroid System.- 17.5 The Adrenal Cortex Systems.- 17.6 The Pancreatic Hormones.- 17.7 Homeostasis of Calcium and Phosphate Balance.- 17.8 Hormones of the Adrenal Medulla.- 17.9 Additional Hormonal Systems.- 17.10 References.- V. Blood and the Circulatory System.- 18 Functions of the Blood.- 18.1 Basic Concepts.- 18.2 Blood Plasma.- 18.3 Erythrocytes.- 18.4 Leukocytes.- 18.5 Thrombocytes.- 18.6 Hemostasis and Coagulation.- 18.7 The Role of the Blood in Defense.- 18.8 Human Blood Groups.- 18.9 References.- 19 Function of the Heart.- 19.1 General Structural and Functional Aspects.- 19.2 Basic Processes of Excitation and Excitation-Contraction Coupling.- 19.3 Electrocardiogram.- 19.4 The Mechanical Action of the Heart.- 19.5 Dynamics of Adjustment to Changing Work Loads.- 19.6 Energetics of the Heartbeat.- 19.7 References.- 20 Functions of the Vascular System.- 20.1 Fundamentals of Hemodynamics.- 20.2 Properties of the Vessel Walls and Variability of Vessel Diameter.- 20.3 Functional Organization of the Vascular System.- 20.4 The Arterial Part of the Systemic Circulation.- 20.5 Venous Part of the Systemic Circulation.- 20.6 Microcirculation.- 20.7 The Lymphatic System.- 20.8 Regulation of Regional (Local) Blood Flow.- 20.9 Regulation of the Overall Circulation.- 20.10 The Pulmonary Circulation.- 20.11 Circulatory Adjustments to Physiological and Pathological Circumstances.- 20.12 Circulation through Special Organs and Its Control.- 20.13 Measurement of Pressure, Flow and Volume in the Vascular System.- 20.14 References.- VI. Respiration.- 21 Pulmonary Respiration.- 21.1 Breathing Movements.- 21.2 Ventilation.- 21.3 Mechanical Factors in Breathing.- 21.4 Exchange of Gases.- 21.5 Pulmonary Perfusion and Oxygenation of the Blood.- 21.6 Central Rhythmogenesis and the Control of Breathing.- 21.7 References.- 22 Blood Gas Transport and Acid-Base Balance.- 22.1 The Structure and Properties of Hemoglobin.- 22.2 The O2-Transport Function of the Blood.- 22.3 The CO2-Transport Function of the Blood.- 22.4 The Acid-Base Status of the Blood.- 22.5 References.- 23 Tissue Respiration.- 23.1 Metabolism and Oxygen Requirements of the Tissues.- 23.2 Tissue Oxygen Supply.- 23.3 Regulation of O2 Supply and Effects of O2 Deficiency.- 23.4 References.- VIL Energy Balance, Work, and Environment.- 24 Energy Balance.- 24.1 Energy Expenditure.- 24.2 Parameters of Metabolism.- 24.3 Metabolic Rates under Special Conditions.- 24.4 Measurement Techniques.- 24.5 Measurement of the Oxygen Uptake of the Whole Body.- 24.6 Diagnostic Significance of Energy Expenditure.- 24.7 References.- 25 Thermal Balance and the Regulation of Body Temperature.- 25.1 Heat Production, Body Temperature and Body Size.- 25.2 The Temperature of the Human Body.- 25.3 Heat Loss.- 25.4 The Regulation of Body Temperature.- 25.5 Ontogenetic and Adaptive Changes in Thermoregulation.- 25.6 Pathophysiology of Thermoregulation.- 25.7 References.- 26 Work Physiology.- 26.1 Fundamentals of Work Physiology.- 26.2 Adjustments to Physical Work.- 26.3 Responses of the Organism to Non-Physical Loads.- 26.4 Limits of Performance Capacity.- 26.5 Fatigue and Exhaustion.- 26.6 Variability in Performance Capacity.- 26.7 Training.- 26.8 Performance and Aptitude Tests.- 26.9 References.- 27 Environmental Physiology.- 27.1 Altitude; Low Pressures.- 27.2 Diving; High Pressures.- 27.3 Climate and Room Ventilation.- 27.4 Noise, Vibration and Acceleration.- 27.5 References.- VIII. Nutrition, Digestion and Excretion.- 28 Nutrition.- 28.1 Foods: Their Composition and Functions.- 28.2 Nutritional Requirements; Symptoms of Deficiency and Overdosage.- 28.3 Utilization of Foodstuffs; Dietetics.- 28.4 Evaluation of Body Weight and the Surface Area of the Body.- 28.5 References.- 29 Functions of the Alimentary Canal.- 29.1 General Bases of Gastrointestinal Function.- 29.2 Oral Cavity, Pharynx and Esophagus.- 29.3 Stomach.- 29.4 Pancreas.- 29.5 Liver and Biliary System.- 29.6 Small Intestine.- 29.7 Colon.- 29.8 References.- 30 The Function of the Kidneys.- 30.1 Fundamentals of Renal Function.- 30.2 Renal Blood Flow.- 30.3 Glomerular Filtration.- 30.4 Tubular Transport.- 30.5 Special Tubular Transport Mechanisms.- 30.6 The Adjustment of Urine Concentration.- 30.7 References.- 31 Water and Electrolyte Balance.- 31.1 Water Balance.- 31.2 Electrolyte Balance.- 31.3 Generalized Disturbances of Water and Electrolyte Balance.- 31.4 References.- IX. Reproduction, Pregnancy and Aging.- 32 Sexual Functions.- 32.1 Sexual Differentiation.- 32.2 Hormonal Regulation of Gonadal Functions.- 32.3 Hormonal Regulation of Male Sexual Functions.- 32.4 Hormonal Regulation of the Female Sexual Functions.- 32.5 Puberty and Menopause.- 32.6 References.- 33 Reproduction and Pregnancy.- 33.1 Coitus.- 33.2 Pregnancy, Birth and Lactation.- 33.3 References.- 34 Aging and Old Age.- 34.1 Basic Features of the Biological Aging Process.- 34.2 Age-Related Functional Changes.- 34.3 References.- Physiological Units.