Bioethics

Acknowledgements Introduction Part I Abortion Introduction 1. Abortion and Infanticide - Michael Tooley 2. A Defense of Abortion - Judith Jarvis Thomson 3. The Wrong of Abortion - Patrick Lee and Robert George 4. Why Abortion is Immoral - Don Marquis Part II Issues in Reproduction Introduction Assisted Reproduction 5. Multiple Gestation and Damaged Babies: God's Will or Human Choice? - Greg Pence 6. The Meaning of Synthetic Gametes for Gay and Lesbian People and Bioethics too - Timothy Murphy 7. Rights, Interests and Possible People - Derek Parfit Prenatal Screening, Sex Selection and Cloning 8. Genetics and Reproductive Risk: Can Having Children Be Immoral? - Laura M. Purdy 9 Sex Selection and Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis - The Ethics Committee of the American Society of Reproductive Medicine 10. Sex Selection and Preimplantation Diagnosis: A Response to the Ethics Committee of the American Society of Reproductive Medicine - Julian Savulescu and Edgar Dahl 11. Why We Should Not Permit Embryos to be Selected as Tissue Donors - David King 12. The Moral Status of Human Cloning: Neo-Lockean Persons versus Human Embryos - Michael Tooley Part III Genetic Manipulation Introduction 13. Questions About Some Uses of Genetic Engineering - Jonathan Glover 14. The Moral Significance of the Therapy-Enhancement Distinction in Human Genetics - David B. Resnik 15. In Defense of Posthuman Dignity - Nick Bostrom 16. Statement on NIH funding of research using gene-editing technologies in human embryos - Francis Collins 17. Genome editing and assisted reproduction: curing embryos, society or prospective parents - Giulia Cavaliere 18. Who's afraid of the big bad (germline editing) wolf? - R. Alta Charo 19. An ethical pathway for gene editing - Julian Savulescu & Peter Singer Part IV Life and Death Issues Introduction 20. The Sanctity of Life - Jonathan Glover 21. Declaration on Euthanasia - Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith Killing and Letting Die 22. Active and Passive Euthanasia - James Rachels 23. The Morality of Killing: A Traditional View - Germain Grisez and Joseph M. Boyle, Jr. 24. Is Killing No Worse Than Letting Die? - Winston Nesbitt 25. Why Killing Is Not Always Worse Than Letting Die - Helga Kuhse 26. Moral Fiction and Medical Ethics - Franklin Miller, Robert Truog, and Dan Brock Newborns 27. Can a Physician Ever Justifiably Euthanize a Severely Disabled Newborn? - Robert M. Sade 28. No to infant euthanasia - Gilbert Meilaender 29. Physicians can justifiably euthanize certain severely impaired neonates - Udo Schüklenk 30. You Should not have let your baby die - Gary Comstock 31. After-Birth Abortion: Why Should the Baby Live? - Alberto Giubilini and Francesca Minerva 32. Does a human being gain the right to live after he or she is born? - Christopher Kaczor 33. Hard Lessons: Learning from the Charlie Gard Case - Dominic Wilkinson and Julian Savulescu Brain Death 34. A Definition of Irreversible Coma - Report of the Ad Hoc Committee of the Harvard Medical School to Examine the Definition of Brain Death 35. The Challenge of Brain Death for the Sanctity of Life Ethic - Peter Singer 36. The Philosophical Debate - The President's Council on Bioethics 37. An Alternative to Brain Death - Jeff McMahan Advance Directives 38. Life Past Reason - Ronald Dworkin 39. Dworkin on Dementia: Elegant Theory, Questionable Policy - Rebecca Dresser Voluntary Euthanasia and Medically Assisted Suicide 40. The Note - Chris Hill 41. When Self-Determination Runs Amok - Daniel Callahan 42. When Abstract Moralizing Runs Amok - John Lachs 43. Physician-assisted death and severe, treatment-resistant depression - Bonnie Steinbock 44. Are Concerns about Irremediableness, Vulnerability, or Competence Sufficient to Justify Excluding All Psychiatric Patients from Medical Aid in Dying? - William Rooney, Udo Schüklenk, and Suzanne van de Vathorst Part V: Resource Allocation Introduction 45. In a Pandemic, Should We Save Younger Lives? - Peter Singer, Lucy Winkett 46. The Value of Life - John Harris 47. Bubbles under the Wallpaper: Healthcare Rationing and Discrimination - Nick Beckstead and Toby Ord 48. Rescuing Lives: Can't We Count? - Paul T. Menzel 49. Should Alcoholics Compete Equally for Liver Transplantation? - Alvin H. Moss and Mark Siegler Part VI: Obtaining Organs Introduction 50. Organ Donation and Retrieval: Whose Body is it Anyway? - Eike-Henner Kluge 51. The Case for Allowing Kidney Sales - Janet Radcliffe-Richards, A. S. Daar, R. D. Guttmann, R. Hoffenberg, I. Kennedy, M. Lock, R. A. Sells and N. Tilney and for the International Forum Transplant Ethics 52. Ethical Issues in the Supply And Demand of Kidneys - Debra Satz 53. The Survival Lottery - John Harris Part VII: Ethical Issues in Research Introduction Experimentation with Humans 54. Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research - National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research 55. Scientific Research is a Moral Duty - John Harris 56. Participation in Biomedical Research is an Imperfect Moral Duty: A Response to John Harris - Sandra Shapshay and Kenneth D. Pimple 57. Unethical Trials of Interventions to Reduce Perinatal Transmission of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Developing Countries - Peter Lurie and Sidney M. Wolfe 58. We're Trying to Help Our Sickest People, Not Exploit Them - Danstan Bagenda and Philippa Musoke-Mudido 59. Pandemic Ethics: The Case for Risky Research - Peter Singer and Richard Yetter Chappell Experimentation with Animals 60. Duties Towards Animals - Immanuel Kant 61. A Utilitarian View - Jeremy Bentham 62. Harmful, Nontherapeutic Use of Animals in Research is Morally Wrong - Nathan Nobis 63. Use of Nonhuman Animals in Biomedical Research - Dario L. Ringach 64. Ethical Issues when Modelling Brain Disorders in Non-Human Primates - Carolyn P. Neuhaus Academic Freedom and Research 65. On Liberty - John Stuart Mill 66. Should Some Knowledge Be Forbidden?: The Case of Cognitive Differences Research - Janet A. Kourany 67. Academic Freedom and Race: You Ought Not to Believe What You Think May Be True - James R. Flynn Part VIII: Public Health Issues Introduction 68. Ethics and Infectious Diseases - Michael J. Selgelid 69. XDR-TB in South Africa: No Time for Denial or Complacency - Jerome Amir Singh, Ross Upshur, Nesri Padayatchi 70. Clinical Ethics during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Missing the Trees for the Forest - Vijayaprasad Gopichandran 71. The Moral Obligation to be Vaccinated: Utilitarianism, Contractualism and Collective Easy Rescue - Alberto Giubilini, Thomas Douglas, and Julian Savulescu 72. Taking Responsibility for Responsibility - Neil Levy Part IX: Ethical Issues in the Practice of Healthcare Introduction When do doctors have a duty to treat? 73. What Healthcare Professionals Owe Us: Why Their Duty to Treat During a Pandemic is Contingent on Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) - Udo Schüklenk 74. Conscientious Objection in Health Care - Mark R. Wicclair 75. Conscientious Objection in Medicine: Accommodation versus Professionalism and the Public Good - Udo Schüklenk Confidentiality 76. Confidentiality in Medicine: A Decrepit Concept - Mark Siegler 77. A Defense of Unqualified Medical Confidentiality - Kenneth Kipnis Truth-Telling 78. On a Supposed Right to Lie from Altruistic Motives - Immanuel Kant 79. Should Doctors Tell the Truth? - Joseph Collins 80. On Telling Patients the Truth - Roger Higgs Informed Consent and Patient Autonomy 81. On Liberty - John Stuart Mill 82. From 'Schloendorff v. New York Hospital' - Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo 83. Informed Consent: Its History, Meaning, and Present Challenges - Tom L.Beauchamp 84. The Doctor-Patient Relationship in Different Cultures - Ruth Macklin 85. Transgender Children and the Right to Transition: Medical Ethics when Parents Mean Well but Cause Harm - Maria Priest 86. Amputees by Choice - Carl Elliott 87. Rational Desires and the Limitations of Life-Sustaining Treatment - Julian Savulescu Part X Disability 88. Valuing Disability, Causing Disability - Elizabeth Barnes 89. Is Disability Mere Difference? - Greg Bognar 90. Prenatal Diagnosis and Selective Abortion: A Challenge to Practice and Policy - Adrienne Asch 91. Down Syndrome Screening Isn't about Public Health: It's about Eliminating a Group of People - Renate Lindeman 92. I Would've Aborted a Fetus with Down Syndrome: Women Need that Right - Ruth Marcus Part XI: Neuroethics Introduction 93. Neuroethics: Ethics and the Sciences of the Mind - Neil Levy 94. Engineering Love - Julian Savulescu and Anders Sandberg 95. Unrequited Love Hurts: Should Doctors Treat Broken Hearts? - Francesca Minerva 96. Stimulating Brains, Altering Minds - Walter Glannon 97. Authenticity or Autonomy? When Deep Brain Stimulation Causes a Dilemma - Felicitas Kraemer 98 . On the Necessity of Ethical Guidelines for Novel Neurotechnologies - Sara Goering and Rafael Yuste Index