Genetic Analysis
An Integrated Approach
2nd Edition
Published on 11. November 2014
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880 pages
978-0-321-94890-8 (ISBN)
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Informed by many years of genetics teaching and research expertise, authors Mark Sanders and John Bowman use an integrated approach that helps contextualize three core challenges of learning genetics: solving problems, understanding evolution, and understanding the connection between traditional genetics models and more modern approaches.
Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach, 2/e is extensively updated with relevant, cutting-edge coverage of modern genetics and is supported by MasteringGenetics, the most widely-used homework and assessment program in genetics. Featuring expanded assignment options, MasteringGenetics complements the book's problem-solving approach, engages students, and improves results by helping them master concepts and problem-solving skills.
Packages
Access codes for Pearson's MyLab & Mastering products may not be included when purchasing or renting from companies other than Pearson; check with the seller before completing your purchase.
Used or rental books
If you rent or purchase a used book with an access code, the access code may have been redeemed previously and you may have to purchase a new access code.
Access codes
Access codes that are purchased from sellers other than Pearson carry a higher risk of being either the wrong ISBN or a previously redeemed code. Check with the seller prior to purchase.
Informed by many years of genetics teaching and research expertise, authors Mark Sanders and John Bowman use an integrated approach that helps contextualize three core challenges of learning genetics: solving problems, understanding evolution, and understanding the connection between traditional genetics models and more modern approaches.
Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach, 2/e is extensively updated with relevant, cutting-edge coverage of modern genetics and is supported by MasteringGenetics, the most widely-used homework and assessment program in genetics. Featuring expanded assignment options, MasteringGenetics complements the book's problem-solving approach, engages students, and improves results by helping them master concepts and problem-solving skills.
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<>Mark F. Sanders has been a faculty member in the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology at the University of California, Davis for 27 years. In that time, he has taught more than 120 genetics courses to more than 30,000 undergraduate students. Specializing in teaching the genetics course for which this book is written, Dr. Sanders also teaches a genetics laboratory course, an advanced human genetics course for biology majors, and a human heredity course for non-science majors. His teaching experience also includes introductory biology, and courses in population genetics and evolution.
Dr. Sanders received his Bachelors degree in Anthropology from San Francisco State University and his Master's and Ph.D. degrees in Biological Anthropology from the University of California, Los Angeles. Following graduation, he spent four years at the University of California, Berkeley as a post-doctoral researcher studying inherited susceptibility to human breast and ovarian cancer. At UC Berkeley he also taught his first genetics courses. Since coming to the University of California, Davis, Dr. Sanders has maintained a full-time teaching schedule and promotes academic achievement by undergraduate students in numerous ways, including as an active student advisor, through his on-going role as the director of a long-standing undergraduate student program, and by past service as the Associate Dean for Undergraduate Academic Programs in the College of Biological Sciences.
John L. Bowman is a Professor in the School of Biological Sciences at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia and an Adjunct Professor in the Department of Plant Biology at the University of California, Davis in the US. He received a B.S. in Biochemistry at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois in 1986 and a Ph.D. in Biology from the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, California. His Ph.D. research focused on how the identities floral organs are specified in Arabidopsis (described in Chapter 20). He conducted postdoctoral research at Monash University on the regulation of floral development. From 1996-2006 his laboratory at UC Davis focused on the developmental genetics of plant development, focusing on how leaves are patterned. From 2006-2011 he was a Federation Fellow at Monash University where his laboratory is studying land plant evolution using a developmental genetics approach. At UC Davis he taught genetics, 'from Mendel to cancer', to undergraduate students, and continues to teach genetics courses at Monash University.
Dr. Sanders received his Bachelors degree in Anthropology from San Francisco State University and his Master's and Ph.D. degrees in Biological Anthropology from the University of California, Los Angeles. Following graduation, he spent four years at the University of California, Berkeley as a post-doctoral researcher studying inherited susceptibility to human breast and ovarian cancer. At UC Berkeley he also taught his first genetics courses. Since coming to the University of California, Davis, Dr. Sanders has maintained a full-time teaching schedule and promotes academic achievement by undergraduate students in numerous ways, including as an active student advisor, through his on-going role as the director of a long-standing undergraduate student program, and by past service as the Associate Dean for Undergraduate Academic Programs in the College of Biological Sciences.
John L. Bowman is a Professor in the School of Biological Sciences at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia and an Adjunct Professor in the Department of Plant Biology at the University of California, Davis in the US. He received a B.S. in Biochemistry at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois in 1986 and a Ph.D. in Biology from the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, California. His Ph.D. research focused on how the identities floral organs are specified in Arabidopsis (described in Chapter 20). He conducted postdoctoral research at Monash University on the regulation of floral development. From 1996-2006 his laboratory at UC Davis focused on the developmental genetics of plant development, focusing on how leaves are patterned. From 2006-2011 he was a Federation Fellow at Monash University where his laboratory is studying land plant evolution using a developmental genetics approach. At UC Davis he taught genetics, 'from Mendel to cancer', to undergraduate students, and continues to teach genetics courses at Monash University.
Content
BRIEF CONTENTS
1 The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution??
1.1 Modern Genetics Is in Its Second Century??
1.2 The Structure of DNA Suggests a Mechanism for Replication??
1.3 DNA Transcription and Messenger RNA Translation Express Genes??
1.4 Evolution Has a Molecular Basis??
Case Study?The Modern Human Family Mystery??
Summary?*?Keywords??*?Problems??
2 Transmission Genetics??
2.1 Gregor Mendel Discovered the Basic Principles of Genetic Transmission
2.2 Monohybrid Crosses Reveal the Segregation of Alleles??
2.3 Dihybrid and Trihybrid Crosses Reveal the Independent Assortment of
Alleles??
2.4 Probability Theory Predicts Mendelian Ratios??
2.5 Chi-Square Analysis Tests the Fit between Observed Values and
Expected Outcomes??
2.6 Autosomal Inheritance and Molecular Genetics Parallel the Predictions
of Mendel's Hereditary Principles??
Case Study?Inheritance of Sickle Cell Disease in Humans??
Summary??*?Keywords???*?Problems??
3 Cell Division and Chromosome Heredity??
3.1 Mitosis Divides Somatic Cells??
3.2 Meiosis Produces Gametes for Sexual Reproduction??
3.3 The Chromosome Theory of Heredity Proposes That Genes Are
Carried on Chromosomes??
3.4 Sex Determination Is Chromosomal and Genetic??
3.5 Human Sex-Linked Transmission Follows Distinct Patterns??
3.6 Dosage Compensation Equalizes the Expression of Sex-Linked
Genes??
Case Study?The (Degenerative) Evolution of the Mammalian Y Chromosome??
Summary??*?Keywords??*?Problems??
4 Inheritance Patterns of Single Genes and Gene Interaction??
4.1 Interactions between Alleles Produce Dominance Relationships??
4.2 Some Genes Produce Variable Phenotypes??
4.3 Gene Interaction Modifies Mendelian Ratios??
4.4 Complementation Analysis Distinguishes Mutations in the Same Gene
from Mutations in Different Genes??
Case Study? Complementation Groups in a Human Cancer-Prone Disorder??
Summary??*?Keywords?*?Problems??
5 Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes??
5.1 Linked Genes Do Not Assort Independently??
5.2 Genetic Linkage Mapping Is Based on Recombination Frequency
between Genes??
5.3 Three-Point Test-Cross Analysis Maps Genes??
5.4 Recombination Results from Crossing Over??
5.5 Linked Human Genes Are Mapped Using Lod Score Analysis??
5.6 Recombination Affects Evolution and Genetic Diversity??
5.7 Genetic Linkage in Haploid Eukaryotes Is Identified by Tetrad Analysis??
5.8 Mitotic Crossover Produces Distinctive Phenotypes
Case Study?Mapping the Gene for Cystic Fibrosis??
Summary??*?Keywords??*?Problems??
6 Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages??
6.1 Bacteria Transfer Genes by Conjugation??
6.2 Interrupted Mating Analysis Produces Time-of-Entry Maps??
6.3 Conjugation with Fc Strains Produces Partial Diploids??
6.4 Bacterial Transformation Produces Genetic Recombination??
6.5 Bacterial Transduction Is Mediated by Bacteriophages??
6.6 Bacteriophage Chromosomes Are Mapped by Fine-Structure Analysis??
6.7 Lateral Gene Transfer Alters Genomes
Case Study?The Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance and Change in Medical Practice??
Summary???*?Keywords???*?Problems?
7 DNA Structure and Replication??
7.1 DNA Is the Hereditary Molecule of Life??
7.2 The DNA Double Helix Consists of Two Complementary and
Antiparallel Strands??
7.3 DNA Replication Is Semiconservative and Bidirectional??
7.4 DNA Replication Precisely Duplicates the Genetic Material??
7.5 Molecular Genetic Analytical Methods Make Use of DNA Replication
Processes??
Case Study?Use of PCR and DNA Sequencing to Analyze Huntington Disease Mutations??
Summary??*?Keywords??*?Problems??
8 Molecular Biology of Transcription and RNA Processing?
8.1 RNA Transcripts Carry the Messages of Genes??
8.2 Bacterial Transcription Is a Four-Stage Process?
8.3 Archaeal and Eukaryotic Transcription Displays Structural Homology and Common Ancestry??
8.4 Post-Transcriptional Processing Modifies RNA Molecules??
Case Study?Sexy Splicing: Alternative mRNA Splicing and Sex Determination in Drosophila??
Summary??*?Keywords???*?Problems??
9 The Molecular Biology of Translation??
9.1 Polypeptides Are Composed of Amino Acid Chains That Are Assembled at Ribosomes??
9.2 Translation Occurs in Three Phases??
9.3 Translation Is Fast and Efficient??
9.4 The Genetic Code Translates Messenger RNA into Polypeptide?
9.5 Experiments Deciphered the Genetic Code??
9.6 Translation Is Followed by Polypeptide Folding, Processing, and Protein Sorting??
Case Study?Antibiotics and Translation Interference??
Summary??*?Keywords??*?Problems??
10 The Integration of Genetic Approaches: Understanding Sickle Cell
Disease?
10.1 An Inherited Hemoglobin Variant Causes Sickle Cell Disease??
10.2 Genetic Variation Can Be Detected by Examining DNA, RNA, and
Proteins??
10.3 Sickle Cell Disease Evolved by Natural Selection in Human Populations??
Case Study?Transmission and Molecular Genetic Analysis of Thalassemia??
Summary???*?Keywords?*?Problems??
11 Chromosome Structure??
11.1 Viruses Are Infectious Particles Containing Nucleic Acid Genomes
11.2 Bacterial Chromosomes Are Organized by Proteins??
11.3 Eukaryotic Chromosomes Are Organized into Chromatin??
11.4 Chromatin Compaction Varies along the Chromosome?
11.5 Chromatin Organizes Archaeal Chromosomes
Case Study?Fishing for Chromosome Abnormalities in Cancer Cells??
Summary??*?Keywords?*?Problems??
12 Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Homologous Recombination??
12.1 Mutations Are Rare and Occur at Random??
12.2 Gene Mutations Modify DNA Sequence??
12.3 Gene Mutations May Arise from Spontaneous Events??
12.4 Mutations May Be Induced by Chemicals or Ionizing Radiation??
12.5 Repair Systems Correct Some DNA Damage??
12.6 Proteins Control Translesion DNA Synthesis and the Repair of
Double-Strand Breaks??
12.7 DNA Double-Strand Breaks Initiate Homologous Recombination??
12.8 Gene Conversion Is Directed Mismatch Repair in Heteroduplex
DNA??
Case Study?Li-Fraumeni Syndrome Is Caused by Inheritance of Mutations of p53??
Summary?*?Keywords?*?Problems??
13 Chromosome Aberrations and Transposition??
13.1 Nondisjunction Leads to Changes in Chromosome Number??
13.2 Changes in Euploidy Result in Various Kinds of Polyploidy??
13.3 Chromosome Breakage Causes Mutation by Loss, Gain, and
Rearrangement of Chromosomes??
13.4 Chromosome Breakage Leads to Inversion and Translocation of
Chromosomes??
13.5 Transposable Genetic Elements Move throughout the Genome?
13.6 Transposition Modifies Bacterial Genomes??
13.7 Transposition Modifies Eukaryotic Genomes??
Case Study?Human Chromosome Evolution??
Summary?*?Keywords?*?Problems??
14 Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Bacteriophage??
14.1 Transcriptional Control of Gene Expression Requires DNA-Protein
Interaction??
14.2 The lac Operon Is an Inducible Operon System under Negative and
Positive Control??
14.3 Mutational Analysis Deciphers Genetic Regulation of the lac Operon??
14.4 Transcription from the Tryptophan Operon Is Repressible and
Attenuated??
14.5 Bacteria Regulate the Transcription of Stress Response Genes and Translation and Archaea Regulate Transcription in a
Bacteria-like Manner??
14.6 Antiterminators and Repressors Control Lambda Phage Infection of
E. coli??
Case Study?Vibrio cholerae-Stress Response Leads to Serious Infection??
Summary?*?Keywords??*?Problems??
15 Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes??
15.1 Cis-Acting Regulatory Sequences Bind Trans-Acting Regulatory
Proteins to Control Eukaryotic Transcription??
Transcriptional Regulatory Interactions??
15.2 Chromatin Remodeling and Modification Regulates Eukaryotic Transcription??
15.3 RNA-Mediated Mechanisms Control Gene Expression??
Case Study?Environmental Epigenetics??
Summary?*?Keywords??*?Problems?
16 Analysis of Gene Function via Forward Genetics and Reverse Genetics??
16.1 Forward Genetic Screens Identify Genes by Their Mutant Phenotypes??
16.2 Genes Identified by Mutant Phenotype Are Cloned Using Recombinant DNA Technology??
16.3 Reverse Genetics Investigates Gene Action by Progressing from Gene Identification to Phenotype?
16.4 Transgenes Provide a Means of Dissecting Gene Function??
Case Study??Reverse Genetics and Genetic Redundancy in Flower Development??
Summary?*?Keywords?*?Problems??
17 Recombinant DNA Technology and Its Applications??
17.1 Specific DNA Sequences Are Identified and Manipulated Using Recombinant DNA Technology??
17.2 Introducing Foreign Genes into Genomes Creates Transgenic Organisms
17.3 Gene Therapy Uses Recombinant DNA Technology
17.4 Cloning of Plants and Animals Produces Genetically Identical
Individuals??
Case Study?Curing Sickle Cell Disease in Mice?
Summary?*?Keywords??*?Problems?
18 Genomics: Genetics from a Whole-Genome Perspective??
18.1 Structural Genomics Provides a Catalog of Genes in a Genome??
18.2 Annotation Ascribes Biological Function to DNA Sequences??
18.3 Evolutionary Genomics Traces the History of Genomes??
18.4 Functional Genomics Aids in Elucidating Gene Function??
Case Study?Genomic Analysis of Insect Guts May Fuel the World??
Summary??*?Keywords?*?Problems??
19 Organelle Inheritance and the Evolution of Organelle Genomes??
19.1 Organelle Inheritance Transmits Genes Carried on Organelle Chromosomes??
19.2 Modes of Organelle Inheritance Depend on the Organism??
19.3 Mitochondria Are the Energy Factories of Eukaryotic Cells??
19.4 Chloroplasts Are the Sites of Photosynthesis??
19.5 The Endosymbiosis Theory Explains Mitochondrial and Chloroplast
Evolution??
Case Study?Ototoxic Deafness: A Mitochondrial Gene-Environment Interaction??
Summary??*?Keywords??*?Problems??
20 Developmental Genetics??
20.1 Development Is the Building of a Multicellular Organism??
20.2 Drosophila Development Is a Paradigm for Animal Development?
20.3 Cellular Interactions Specify Cell Fate??
20.4 "Evolution Behaves Like a Tinkerer"??
20.5 Plants Represent an Independent Experiment in Multicellular Evolution??
Case Study?Cyclopia and Polydactyly-Different Shh Mutations with Distinctive Phenotypes??
Summary?*?Keywords?*?Problems??
21 Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits??
21.1 Quantitative Traits Display Continuous Phenotype Variation?
21.2 Quantitative Trait Analysis Is Statistical??
21.3 Heritability Measures the Genetic Component of Phenotypic Variation??
21.4 Quantitative Trait Loci Are the Genes That Contribute to Quantitative
Traits?
Case Study? GWAS and Crohn's Disease ??
Summary?*?Keywords?*?Problems??
22 Population Genetics and Evolution at the Population, Species, and Molecular Levels??
22.1 The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Describes the Relationship of Allele
and Genotype Frequencies in Populations?
22.2 Natural Selection Operates through Differential Reproductive Fitness
within a Population??
22.3 Mutation Diversifies Gene Pools??
22.4 Migration Is Movement of Organisms and Genes between
Populations??
22.5 Genetic Drift Causes Allele Frequency Change by Sampling Error??
22.6 Inbreeding Alters Genotype Frequencies?
22.7 Species and Higher Taxonomic Groups Evolve by the Interplay of Four
Evolutionary Processes??
22.8 Molecular Evolution Changes Genes and Genomes through Time
Case Study?CODIS-Using Population Genetics to Solve Crime and Identify Paternity??
Summary??*?Keywords?*?Problems??
Selected References and Readings??
Answers to Selected Problems??
Glossary??
Credits??
Index?
1 The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution??
1.1 Modern Genetics Is in Its Second Century??
1.2 The Structure of DNA Suggests a Mechanism for Replication??
1.3 DNA Transcription and Messenger RNA Translation Express Genes??
1.4 Evolution Has a Molecular Basis??
Case Study?The Modern Human Family Mystery??
Summary?*?Keywords??*?Problems??
2 Transmission Genetics??
2.1 Gregor Mendel Discovered the Basic Principles of Genetic Transmission
2.2 Monohybrid Crosses Reveal the Segregation of Alleles??
2.3 Dihybrid and Trihybrid Crosses Reveal the Independent Assortment of
Alleles??
2.4 Probability Theory Predicts Mendelian Ratios??
2.5 Chi-Square Analysis Tests the Fit between Observed Values and
Expected Outcomes??
2.6 Autosomal Inheritance and Molecular Genetics Parallel the Predictions
of Mendel's Hereditary Principles??
Case Study?Inheritance of Sickle Cell Disease in Humans??
Summary??*?Keywords???*?Problems??
3 Cell Division and Chromosome Heredity??
3.1 Mitosis Divides Somatic Cells??
3.2 Meiosis Produces Gametes for Sexual Reproduction??
3.3 The Chromosome Theory of Heredity Proposes That Genes Are
Carried on Chromosomes??
3.4 Sex Determination Is Chromosomal and Genetic??
3.5 Human Sex-Linked Transmission Follows Distinct Patterns??
3.6 Dosage Compensation Equalizes the Expression of Sex-Linked
Genes??
Case Study?The (Degenerative) Evolution of the Mammalian Y Chromosome??
Summary??*?Keywords??*?Problems??
4 Inheritance Patterns of Single Genes and Gene Interaction??
4.1 Interactions between Alleles Produce Dominance Relationships??
4.2 Some Genes Produce Variable Phenotypes??
4.3 Gene Interaction Modifies Mendelian Ratios??
4.4 Complementation Analysis Distinguishes Mutations in the Same Gene
from Mutations in Different Genes??
Case Study? Complementation Groups in a Human Cancer-Prone Disorder??
Summary??*?Keywords?*?Problems??
5 Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes??
5.1 Linked Genes Do Not Assort Independently??
5.2 Genetic Linkage Mapping Is Based on Recombination Frequency
between Genes??
5.3 Three-Point Test-Cross Analysis Maps Genes??
5.4 Recombination Results from Crossing Over??
5.5 Linked Human Genes Are Mapped Using Lod Score Analysis??
5.6 Recombination Affects Evolution and Genetic Diversity??
5.7 Genetic Linkage in Haploid Eukaryotes Is Identified by Tetrad Analysis??
5.8 Mitotic Crossover Produces Distinctive Phenotypes
Case Study?Mapping the Gene for Cystic Fibrosis??
Summary??*?Keywords??*?Problems??
6 Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages??
6.1 Bacteria Transfer Genes by Conjugation??
6.2 Interrupted Mating Analysis Produces Time-of-Entry Maps??
6.3 Conjugation with Fc Strains Produces Partial Diploids??
6.4 Bacterial Transformation Produces Genetic Recombination??
6.5 Bacterial Transduction Is Mediated by Bacteriophages??
6.6 Bacteriophage Chromosomes Are Mapped by Fine-Structure Analysis??
6.7 Lateral Gene Transfer Alters Genomes
Case Study?The Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance and Change in Medical Practice??
Summary???*?Keywords???*?Problems?
7 DNA Structure and Replication??
7.1 DNA Is the Hereditary Molecule of Life??
7.2 The DNA Double Helix Consists of Two Complementary and
Antiparallel Strands??
7.3 DNA Replication Is Semiconservative and Bidirectional??
7.4 DNA Replication Precisely Duplicates the Genetic Material??
7.5 Molecular Genetic Analytical Methods Make Use of DNA Replication
Processes??
Case Study?Use of PCR and DNA Sequencing to Analyze Huntington Disease Mutations??
Summary??*?Keywords??*?Problems??
8 Molecular Biology of Transcription and RNA Processing?
8.1 RNA Transcripts Carry the Messages of Genes??
8.2 Bacterial Transcription Is a Four-Stage Process?
8.3 Archaeal and Eukaryotic Transcription Displays Structural Homology and Common Ancestry??
8.4 Post-Transcriptional Processing Modifies RNA Molecules??
Case Study?Sexy Splicing: Alternative mRNA Splicing and Sex Determination in Drosophila??
Summary??*?Keywords???*?Problems??
9 The Molecular Biology of Translation??
9.1 Polypeptides Are Composed of Amino Acid Chains That Are Assembled at Ribosomes??
9.2 Translation Occurs in Three Phases??
9.3 Translation Is Fast and Efficient??
9.4 The Genetic Code Translates Messenger RNA into Polypeptide?
9.5 Experiments Deciphered the Genetic Code??
9.6 Translation Is Followed by Polypeptide Folding, Processing, and Protein Sorting??
Case Study?Antibiotics and Translation Interference??
Summary??*?Keywords??*?Problems??
10 The Integration of Genetic Approaches: Understanding Sickle Cell
Disease?
10.1 An Inherited Hemoglobin Variant Causes Sickle Cell Disease??
10.2 Genetic Variation Can Be Detected by Examining DNA, RNA, and
Proteins??
10.3 Sickle Cell Disease Evolved by Natural Selection in Human Populations??
Case Study?Transmission and Molecular Genetic Analysis of Thalassemia??
Summary???*?Keywords?*?Problems??
11 Chromosome Structure??
11.1 Viruses Are Infectious Particles Containing Nucleic Acid Genomes
11.2 Bacterial Chromosomes Are Organized by Proteins??
11.3 Eukaryotic Chromosomes Are Organized into Chromatin??
11.4 Chromatin Compaction Varies along the Chromosome?
11.5 Chromatin Organizes Archaeal Chromosomes
Case Study?Fishing for Chromosome Abnormalities in Cancer Cells??
Summary??*?Keywords?*?Problems??
12 Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Homologous Recombination??
12.1 Mutations Are Rare and Occur at Random??
12.2 Gene Mutations Modify DNA Sequence??
12.3 Gene Mutations May Arise from Spontaneous Events??
12.4 Mutations May Be Induced by Chemicals or Ionizing Radiation??
12.5 Repair Systems Correct Some DNA Damage??
12.6 Proteins Control Translesion DNA Synthesis and the Repair of
Double-Strand Breaks??
12.7 DNA Double-Strand Breaks Initiate Homologous Recombination??
12.8 Gene Conversion Is Directed Mismatch Repair in Heteroduplex
DNA??
Case Study?Li-Fraumeni Syndrome Is Caused by Inheritance of Mutations of p53??
Summary?*?Keywords?*?Problems??
13 Chromosome Aberrations and Transposition??
13.1 Nondisjunction Leads to Changes in Chromosome Number??
13.2 Changes in Euploidy Result in Various Kinds of Polyploidy??
13.3 Chromosome Breakage Causes Mutation by Loss, Gain, and
Rearrangement of Chromosomes??
13.4 Chromosome Breakage Leads to Inversion and Translocation of
Chromosomes??
13.5 Transposable Genetic Elements Move throughout the Genome?
13.6 Transposition Modifies Bacterial Genomes??
13.7 Transposition Modifies Eukaryotic Genomes??
Case Study?Human Chromosome Evolution??
Summary?*?Keywords?*?Problems??
14 Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Bacteriophage??
14.1 Transcriptional Control of Gene Expression Requires DNA-Protein
Interaction??
14.2 The lac Operon Is an Inducible Operon System under Negative and
Positive Control??
14.3 Mutational Analysis Deciphers Genetic Regulation of the lac Operon??
14.4 Transcription from the Tryptophan Operon Is Repressible and
Attenuated??
14.5 Bacteria Regulate the Transcription of Stress Response Genes and Translation and Archaea Regulate Transcription in a
Bacteria-like Manner??
14.6 Antiterminators and Repressors Control Lambda Phage Infection of
E. coli??
Case Study?Vibrio cholerae-Stress Response Leads to Serious Infection??
Summary?*?Keywords??*?Problems??
15 Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes??
15.1 Cis-Acting Regulatory Sequences Bind Trans-Acting Regulatory
Proteins to Control Eukaryotic Transcription??
Transcriptional Regulatory Interactions??
15.2 Chromatin Remodeling and Modification Regulates Eukaryotic Transcription??
15.3 RNA-Mediated Mechanisms Control Gene Expression??
Case Study?Environmental Epigenetics??
Summary?*?Keywords??*?Problems?
16 Analysis of Gene Function via Forward Genetics and Reverse Genetics??
16.1 Forward Genetic Screens Identify Genes by Their Mutant Phenotypes??
16.2 Genes Identified by Mutant Phenotype Are Cloned Using Recombinant DNA Technology??
16.3 Reverse Genetics Investigates Gene Action by Progressing from Gene Identification to Phenotype?
16.4 Transgenes Provide a Means of Dissecting Gene Function??
Case Study??Reverse Genetics and Genetic Redundancy in Flower Development??
Summary?*?Keywords?*?Problems??
17 Recombinant DNA Technology and Its Applications??
17.1 Specific DNA Sequences Are Identified and Manipulated Using Recombinant DNA Technology??
17.2 Introducing Foreign Genes into Genomes Creates Transgenic Organisms
17.3 Gene Therapy Uses Recombinant DNA Technology
17.4 Cloning of Plants and Animals Produces Genetically Identical
Individuals??
Case Study?Curing Sickle Cell Disease in Mice?
Summary?*?Keywords??*?Problems?
18 Genomics: Genetics from a Whole-Genome Perspective??
18.1 Structural Genomics Provides a Catalog of Genes in a Genome??
18.2 Annotation Ascribes Biological Function to DNA Sequences??
18.3 Evolutionary Genomics Traces the History of Genomes??
18.4 Functional Genomics Aids in Elucidating Gene Function??
Case Study?Genomic Analysis of Insect Guts May Fuel the World??
Summary??*?Keywords?*?Problems??
19 Organelle Inheritance and the Evolution of Organelle Genomes??
19.1 Organelle Inheritance Transmits Genes Carried on Organelle Chromosomes??
19.2 Modes of Organelle Inheritance Depend on the Organism??
19.3 Mitochondria Are the Energy Factories of Eukaryotic Cells??
19.4 Chloroplasts Are the Sites of Photosynthesis??
19.5 The Endosymbiosis Theory Explains Mitochondrial and Chloroplast
Evolution??
Case Study?Ototoxic Deafness: A Mitochondrial Gene-Environment Interaction??
Summary??*?Keywords??*?Problems??
20 Developmental Genetics??
20.1 Development Is the Building of a Multicellular Organism??
20.2 Drosophila Development Is a Paradigm for Animal Development?
20.3 Cellular Interactions Specify Cell Fate??
20.4 "Evolution Behaves Like a Tinkerer"??
20.5 Plants Represent an Independent Experiment in Multicellular Evolution??
Case Study?Cyclopia and Polydactyly-Different Shh Mutations with Distinctive Phenotypes??
Summary?*?Keywords?*?Problems??
21 Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits??
21.1 Quantitative Traits Display Continuous Phenotype Variation?
21.2 Quantitative Trait Analysis Is Statistical??
21.3 Heritability Measures the Genetic Component of Phenotypic Variation??
21.4 Quantitative Trait Loci Are the Genes That Contribute to Quantitative
Traits?
Case Study? GWAS and Crohn's Disease ??
Summary?*?Keywords?*?Problems??
22 Population Genetics and Evolution at the Population, Species, and Molecular Levels??
22.1 The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Describes the Relationship of Allele
and Genotype Frequencies in Populations?
22.2 Natural Selection Operates through Differential Reproductive Fitness
within a Population??
22.3 Mutation Diversifies Gene Pools??
22.4 Migration Is Movement of Organisms and Genes between
Populations??
22.5 Genetic Drift Causes Allele Frequency Change by Sampling Error??
22.6 Inbreeding Alters Genotype Frequencies?
22.7 Species and Higher Taxonomic Groups Evolve by the Interplay of Four
Evolutionary Processes??
22.8 Molecular Evolution Changes Genes and Genomes through Time
Case Study?CODIS-Using Population Genetics to Solve Crime and Identify Paternity??
Summary??*?Keywords?*?Problems??
Selected References and Readings??
Answers to Selected Problems??
Glossary??
Credits??
Index?