Biosystems Engineering and its Applications 2018

1. Introduction 2. Bioengineering 2.1. Bioremediation 2.1.1. Biodegradation 2.1.1.1. Metagenomics 2.1.1.2. Biodegradable Pollutants 2.1.1.2.1. Hydrocarbons 2.1.1.2.2. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) 2.1.1.2.3. Dyes 2.1.1.2.4. Radionuclides 3.1.1.2.5. Heavy Metals 2.1.1.3. Applications of Biodegradation 2.1.1.3.1. Biodegradation of Industrial Pollutants 2.1.1.3.2. Biodegradation of Bleach Plant Effluents 2.1.1.3.3. Biodegradation-Decolorization of Dyestuffs 2.1.1.3.4. Biodegradation of Molasses Based Wastewater 2.1.2. Phytoremediation 2.1.2.1. Phytoremediation Classification and Principles 2.1.2.2. Phytoremediation Advantages and Limitations 2.1.3. Rhizoremediation 2.1.4. Biosparging 2.1.5. Bioventing 2.1.5.1. Bioventing Applications 2.1.6. Biomining and Bioleaching 2.1.6.1. Microorganisms Used in Biomining 2.1.6.2. Microorganisms Used in Bioleaching 2.1.6.3. Biomining between the Present and the Future 2.1.7. Bioaugmentation 2.1.7.1. Examples of Bioaugmentation 2.1.7.2. Applications of Bioaugmentation 2.1.7.2.1. Routine versus Bioaugmentation Sequencing Batch Test 2.1.7.2.2. Bioaugmentation of Nitrifiers 2.1.8. Biostimulation 2.1.8.1. Photobiostimulation 2.1.8.1.1. Examples of Photobiostimulation 2.1.8.1.2. Applications of Photobiostismulstion 2.1.8.1.2.1. Experimental Setup for Microalgae 2.1.8.2. Bioelectrochemical Stimulation 2.1.8.2.1. Bioelectrochemical Systems 2.1.8.2.1.1. Types of Bioelectrochemical Systems 2.1.8.2.1.1.1. Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) 2.1.8.2.1.1.2. Microbial Electrolysis Cell (MEC) 2.1.8.2.1.1.3. Enzymatic Biofuel Cell (EFC) 2.1.8.2.2. Technological Background 2.1.8.2.3. Applications of 2.1.8.2.3.1. Production of Fuels and Chemicals 2.1.8.2.3.2. Removal of Pollutants 2.2. Biophysics 2.2.1. Electric Fields 2.2.1.1. Possible Electrical Disinfection Mechanisms 2.2.1.2. Fluidized Bed Electrode System 2.2.1.2.1. Disinfection of Different Bacteria at Different Frequencies 2.2.1.3. Electrokinetic Remediation 2.2.1.3.1. Several Transportation Mechanisms Induced by the Electric Field 2.2.1.4. Enhanced Bioremediation by Electrokinetic Processes 2.2.1.5. Electrokinetic Processes in the Subsurface Environment 2.2.2. Electromagnetic Field 2.2.3. Light 2.2.3.1. Laser and Incandescent Light 2.2.3.2. Ultraviolet Light (UV) 2.2.4. Sound 2.2.4.1. Effects of Sound Waves on Different Plants 2.2.4.2. Sound Stimulation 2.3. Biomechanics 2.3.1. Animal Biomechanics 2.3.1.1. Three-Dimensional Dynamic Flight Simulation 2.3.2. Plant Biomechanics 2.3.3. Biofluid Mechanics 2.4. Bioelectronics 2.4.1. Bioinformatics 2.4.2. Biosensors 2.4.3. Biocomputers 2.4.3.1. Genetic Code 2.4.3.2. Cellular Computing Devices 3. Bioprocess Engineering 3.1. Bioreactors 3.1.1. Methodological Framework and Integration of the Knowledge 3.1.2. Types of Bioreactors 3.1.2.1. Airlift Bioreactors (ALB) 3.1.2.2. Tower Bioreactors 3.1.2.3. Fluidized-Bed Bioreactors (FBB) 3.1.2.4. Stirred-Tank Bioreactors (STB) 3.1.2.5. Plug Flow Bioreactors (PFB): Continuous Flow 3.1.2.6. Packed-Bed Bioreactors (PBB): Recycle Bioreactors 3.2. Biomaterials 3.3. Bioproducts 3.3.1. Biofuels 3.3.1.1. Bioadditives 3.3.1.1.1. Production of Bioadditives from Glycerol Esterification 3.3.1.1.2. Effect of the Acid Catalyst Nature on Glycerol Esterification 3.3.1.1.3. Recycling HPW Homogeneous Catalyst 3.3.2. Biochemicals 3.3.3. Bio-Based Adhesives 3.3.4. Nutraceuticals and Pharmaceuticals 4. Bioindustrial Engineering 4.1. Bioindustrial Systems 4.1.1. Cleaner Production 4.1.2. Eco-Efficiency 4.1.3. Live Cycle Analysis (LCA) 4.1.4. Integrated Bioindustrial Systems 4.2. Biorefineries 4.2.1. The Main Target of Biorefinery 4.2.2. Division of Biorefinery Installations 4.2.3. Examples of Biorefinery 4.2.3.1. Fractionation of Lignocellulosic Feedstock (LCF) 4.2.3.2. Microalgal Biorefineries 4.2.3.3. An Example of a Biorefinery 4.2.3.4. Conversion of Biomass Sugars to Hydrocarbon Chemicals and Fuels 5. Conclusions