Circuit Oriented Electromagnetic Modeling Using the PEEC Techniques

DEDICATION xv PREFACE xvii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xxi ACRONYMS xxv 1 Introduction 1 References, 6 2 Circuit Analysis for PEEC Methods 9 2.1 Circuit Analysis Techniques, 9 2.2 Overall Electromagnetic and Circuit Solver Structure, 9 2.3 Circuit Laws, 11 2.4 Frequency and Time Domain Analyses, 13 2.5 Frequency Domain Analysis Formulation, 14 2.6 Time Domain Analysis Formulations, 17 2.7 General Modified Nodal Analysis (MNA), 22 2.8 Including Frequency Dependent Models in Time Domain Solution, 28 2.9 Including Frequency Domain Models in Circuit Solution, 31 2.10 Recursive Convolution Solution, 39 2.11 Circuit Models with Delays or Retardation, 41 Problems, 43 References, 44 3 Maxwell's Equations 47 3.1 Maxwell's Equations for PEEC Solutions, 47 3.2 Auxiliary Potentials, 52 3.3 Wave Equations and Their Solutions, 54 3.4 Green's Function, 58 3.5 Equivalence Principles, 60 3.6 Numerical Solution of Integral Equations, 63 Problems, 65 References, 66 4 Capacitance Computations 67 4.1 Multiconductor Capacitance Concepts, 68 4.2 Capacitance Models, 69 4.3 Solution Techniques for Capacitance Problems, 74 4.4 Meshing Related Accuracy Problems for PEEC Model, 79 4.5 Representation of Capacitive Currents for PEEC Models, 82 Problems, 85 References, 86 5 Inductance Computations 89 5.1 Loop Inductance Computations, 90 5.2 Inductance Computation Using a Solution or a Circuit Solver, 95 5.3 Flux Loops for Partial Inductance, 95 5.4 Inductances of Incomplete Structures, 96 5.5 Computation of Partial Inductances, 99 5.6 General Inductance Computations Using Partial Inductances and Open Loop Inductance, 107 5.7 Difference Cell Pair Inductance Models, 109 5.8 Partial Inductances with Frequency Domain Retardation, 119 Retardation, 123 Problems, 125 References, 131 6 Building PEEC Models 133 6.1 Resistive Circuit Elements for Manhattan-Type Geometries, 134 6.2 Inductance-Resistance (Lp,R)PEEC Models, 136 6.3 General (Lp,p,R)PEEC Model Development, 138 6.4 Complete PEEC Model with Input and Output Connections, 148 6.5 Time Domain Representation, 154 Problems, 154 References, 155 7 Nonorthogonal PEEC Models 157 7.1 Representation of Nonorthogonal Shapes, 158 7.2 Specification of Nonorthogonal Partial Elements, 163 7.3 Evaluation of Partial Elements for Nonorthogonal PEEC Circuits, 169 Problems, 181 References, 182 8 Geometrical Description and Meshing 185 8.1 General Aspects of PEEC Model Meshing Requirements, 186 8.2 Outline of Some Meshing Techniques Available Today, 187 8.3 SPICE Type Geometry Description, 194 8.4 Detailed Properties of Meshing Algorithms, 196 8.5 Automatic Generation of Geometrical Objects, 202 8.6 Meshing of Some Three Dimensional Pre-determined Shapes, 205 8.7 Approximations with Simplified Meshes, 207 8.8 Mesh Generation Codes, 208 Problems, 209 References, 210 9 Skin Effect Modeling 213 9.1 Transmission Line Based Models, 214 9.2 One Dimensional Current Flow Techniques, 215 9.3 3D Volume Filament (VFI) Skin-Effect Model, 227 9.4 Comparisons of Different Skin-Effect Models, 238 Problems, 244 References, 246 10 PEEC Models for Dielectrics 249 10.1 Electrical Models for Dielectric Materials, 249 10.2 Circuit Oriented Models for Dispersive Dielectrics, 254 10.3 Multi-Pole Debye Model, 257 10.4 Including Dielectric Models in PEEC Solutions, 260 10.5 Example for Impact of Dielectric Properties in the Time Domain, 276 Problems, 281 References, 281 11 PEEC Models for Magnetic Material 285 11.1 Inclusion of Problems with Magnetic Materials, 285 11.2 Model for Magnetic Bodies by Using a Magnetic Scalar Potential and Magnetic Charge Formulation, 292 11.3 PEEC Formulation Including Magnetic Bodies, 295 11.4 Surface Models for Magnetic and Dielectric Material Solutions in PEEC, 300 Problems, 307 References, 308 12 Incident and Radiated Field Models 309 12.1 External Incident Field Applied to PEEC Model, 310 12.2 Far-Field Radiation Models by Using Sensors, 312 12.3 Direct Far-Field Radiation Computation, 318 Problems, 322 References, 322 13 Stability and Passivity of PEEC Models 325 13.1 Fundamental Stability and Passivity Concepts, 327 13.2 Analysis of Properties of PEEC Circuits, 332 13.3 Observability and Controllability of PEEC Circuits, 334 13.4 Passivity Assessment of Solution, 337 13.5 Solver Based Stability and Passivity Enhancement Techniques, 342 13.6 Time Domain Solver Issues for Stability and Passivity, 359 Acknowledgment, 364 Problems, 364 References, 365 A Table of Units 369 A.1 Collection of Variables and Constants for Different Applications, 369 B Modified Nodal Analysis Stamps 373 B.1 Modified Nodal Analysis Matrix Stamps, 373 B.2 Controlled Source Stamps, 380 References, 382 C Computation of Partial Inductances 383 C.1 Partial Inductance Formulas for Orthogonal Geometries, 385 C.2 Partial inductance formulas for nonorthogonal geometries, 398 References, 407 D Computation of Partial Coefficients of Potential 409 D.1 Partial Potential Coefficients for Orthogonal Geometries, 410 D.2 Partial Potential Coefficient Formulas for Nonorthogonal Geometries, 418 References, 421 E Auxiliary Techniques for Partial Element Computations 423 E.1 Multi-function Partial Element Integration, 423 Subdivisions for Nonself-Partial Elements, 428 References, 429 INDEX 431