Risk Assessment for Environmental Health

Figures, Tables, and Exhibits xi Preface xvii About the Editors xxi About the Contributors xxiii 1 Introduction to Risk Assessment in Public Health 1 Mark Robson and Fred Ellerbusch 2 The Risk Assessment Risk Management Paradigm 11 Gilbert S. Omenn 3 Risk Assessment and Regulatory Decision Making in Environmental Health 31 Felicia Wu and William H. Farland 4 Toxicological Basis for Risk Assessment 55 Tee L. Guidotti and Marina S. Moses 5 The Application of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Modeling to Risk Assessment 85 Raymond S. H. Yang and Yasong Lu 6 Probabilistic Models for Characterizing Aggregate and Cumulative Risk 121 John L. Adgate and Gurumurthy Ramachandran 7 Molecular Tools for Risk Assessment 155 William A. Toscano and Chisato Mori 8 Comparative Risk Assessment 173 Michele Morrone 9 Risk in the Workplace: Where Analysis Began and Problems Remain Unsolved 187 Adam M. Finkel and P. Barry Ryan 10 Radiological Risk Assessment 239 Ronald O. Rahn and Arthur C. Upton 11 Microbial Risk Assessment 285 Rebecca T. Parkin 12 Children s Risk Assessment 315 Natalie C. G. Freeman 13 Biological Monitoring of Exposure to Environmental Chemicals Throughout the Life Stages: Requirements and Issues to Consider for Birth Cohort Studies 345 Dana B. Barr, Richard Y. Wang, and Larry L. Needham 14 Overview of Environmental Public Health Laws and Their Relation to Risk 383 Russellyn S. Carruth and Bernard D. Goldstein 15 Why Risk Assessment Is Not Enough to Protect Health: Rationale for a Precautionary Approach to Science and Policy 423 Joel A. Tickner 16 Risk Communication 463 Susan L. Santos CASE STUDIES IN RISK ASSESSMENT 17 Improvement of Risk Assessments for Multicontaminant Sites in the Face of Critical Data Gaps 489 Yoram Cohen and Adrienne Katner 18 Intraspecies Differences in Acute Acrylonitrile Toxicity 511 Gwendolyn Ball, Clif McLellan, and Lori Bestervelt 19 Drinking Water Contamination by Perchlorates from Department of Defense Rocket Fuel Facilities 517 Terry Gratton and Norman Trieff 20 Multi-Pathway Risk Assessment for Children Living Near a Hazardous Waste Site 523 Serap Erdal 21 Child with Asthma Living in a Moisture-Damaged Home 531 Myrtis Sullivan 22 Endocrine Disruption Through Phthalates/Plasticizers 541 Christine Ziebold 23 Estimation of Health and Safety Risks from Exposure to Chlorine and Chloroform for Swimmers in Pools 547 Richard P. Hubner 24 U-Shaped Dose-Response Curve for Risk Assessment of Essential Trace Elements: Copper as a Case Study 555 Bonnie Ransom Stern 25 Ecosystem Risk Assessment: The Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina 563 Craig A. Stow, Mark E. Borsuk, and Kenneth H. Reckhow 26 The Ohio Comparative Risk Project 587 Michele Morrone 27 Community-Based Risk Assessment: DDT Contamination in Triana, Alabama 597 Padma Tadi-Uppala Name Index 605 Subject Index 611