Literature
An Introduction to Reading and Writing, Backpack Edition with NEW MyLiteratureLab -- Access Card Package
Published on 28. October 2012
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Mixed media product
1184 pages
978-0-321-84212-1 (ISBN)
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--
The Backpack Edition of Roberts comprehensive anthology gives readers the same thorough coverage of writing about literature in a briefer and affordable format. It Includes complete coverage of writing about each element. Part I, is devoted to Reading, Responding to, and Writing about Literature. There is a thorough overview of the research process, including a full-length model research paper in Appendix I and MLA recommendations for documenting surces in Appendix II.
Packages
Access codes for Pearson's MyLab & Mastering products may not be included when purchasing or renting from companies other than Pearson; check with the seller before completing your purchase.
Used or rental books
If you rent or purchase a used book with an access code, the access code may have been redeemed previously and you may have to purchase a new access code.
Access codes
Access codes that are purchased from sellers other than Pearson carry a higher risk of being either the wrong ISBN or a previously redeemed code. Check with the seller prior to purchase.
--
The Backpack Edition of Roberts comprehensive anthology gives readers the same thorough coverage of writing about literature in a briefer and affordable format. It Includes complete coverage of writing about each element. Part I, is devoted to Reading, Responding to, and Writing about Literature. There is a thorough overview of the research process, including a full-length model research paper in Appendix I and MLA recommendations for documenting surces in Appendix II.
More details
Language
English
Place of publication
New Jersey
United States
Publishing group
Pearson Education (US)
Target group
College/higher education
ISBN-13
978-0-321-84212-1 (9780321842121)
Copyright in bibliographic data is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or its licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Classification
Persons
Edgar V. Roberts, Emeritus Professor of English at Lehman College of The City University of New York, is a native of Minnesota. He graduated from the Minneapolis public schools in 1946, and received his Doctorate from the University of Minnesota in 1960. He taught English at Minnesota, the University of Maryland Overseas Division, Wayne State University, Hunter College, and Lehman College. From 1979 to 1988, He was Chair of the English Department of Lehman College.
He served in the U.S. Army in 1946 and 1947, seeing duty in Arkansas, the Philippine Islands, and Colorado.
He has published articles about the plays of Henry Fielding, the subject of his Ph.D. dissertation. In 1968 he published a scholarly edition of John Gay's The Beggar's Opera (1728), and in 1969 he published a similar edition of Fielding's The Grub-Street Opera (1731), both with the University of Nebraska Press. He first published Writing About Literature (then named Writing Themes About Literature) in 1964, with Prentice Hall. Since then, this book has undergone eleven separate revisions, for a total of twelve editions. In 1986, with Henry E. Jacobs of the University of Alabama, he published the first edition of Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing. After Professor Jacobs's untimely death in the summer of 1986, Professor Roberts continued working on changes and revisions to keep this text up to date. The Ninth Edition was published early in 2009, with Pearson Longman. The Fourth Compact Edition of Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing was published in 2008.
Professor Roberts is an enthusiastic devote of symphonic music and choral singing, having sung in local church choirs for forty years. Recently he has sung (bass) with the New Choral Society of Scarsdale, New York (where he lives), singing in classic works by Handel, Beethoven, Bruckner, Bach, Orff, Britten, Brahms, and others. He is a fan of both the New York Mets and the New York Yankees. When the two teams play in inter-league games, he is uneasy because he dislikes seeing either team lose. He also likes both the Giants and the Jets. He has been an avid jogger ever since the early 1960s, and he enjoys watching national and international track meets.
Professor Roberts encourages queries, comments, and suggestions from students who have been using any of the various books. Use the following email address: edgar.roberts@verizon.net.
Robert Zweig is a tenured, full professor at Manhattan Community College of the City University of New York. He teaches courses in Literature and Writing and for many years was the Intensive Writing Coordinator for the college. He has a doctorate in English Literature from the City University of New York, a Masters from Queens College in creative writing and a bachelor's degree from Queens College in English literature. Dr. Zweig has numerous peer-reviewed publications in journals, encyclopedias and books. In addition, he is currently writing two textbooks for McGraw-Hill on the writing process, due out in 2011, another textbook, Grammar in the Modern World (Pearson) due out in 2011 and is co-author of Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing, a bestselling introduction to literature textbook by Longman Publishers. His translations of the Italian poet and Nobel Laureate Eugentio Montale appear in this text. Also, Dr. Zweig has lectured extensively throughout the United States and Italy on Victorian Literature, Poetics and contemporary culture. Some of the American universities he has addressed include Notre Dame, New York University, University of California, Harvard, University of Illinois, University of Delaware, Rutgers University and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York. He has received several scholarships and awards, including a Mellon Fellowship and the Phi Beta Kappa award for "Outstanding Teaching Skills" as one of the Top Ten Professors at Manhattan Community College.
He served in the U.S. Army in 1946 and 1947, seeing duty in Arkansas, the Philippine Islands, and Colorado.
He has published articles about the plays of Henry Fielding, the subject of his Ph.D. dissertation. In 1968 he published a scholarly edition of John Gay's The Beggar's Opera (1728), and in 1969 he published a similar edition of Fielding's The Grub-Street Opera (1731), both with the University of Nebraska Press. He first published Writing About Literature (then named Writing Themes About Literature) in 1964, with Prentice Hall. Since then, this book has undergone eleven separate revisions, for a total of twelve editions. In 1986, with Henry E. Jacobs of the University of Alabama, he published the first edition of Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing. After Professor Jacobs's untimely death in the summer of 1986, Professor Roberts continued working on changes and revisions to keep this text up to date. The Ninth Edition was published early in 2009, with Pearson Longman. The Fourth Compact Edition of Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing was published in 2008.
Professor Roberts is an enthusiastic devote of symphonic music and choral singing, having sung in local church choirs for forty years. Recently he has sung (bass) with the New Choral Society of Scarsdale, New York (where he lives), singing in classic works by Handel, Beethoven, Bruckner, Bach, Orff, Britten, Brahms, and others. He is a fan of both the New York Mets and the New York Yankees. When the two teams play in inter-league games, he is uneasy because he dislikes seeing either team lose. He also likes both the Giants and the Jets. He has been an avid jogger ever since the early 1960s, and he enjoys watching national and international track meets.
Professor Roberts encourages queries, comments, and suggestions from students who have been using any of the various books. Use the following email address: edgar.roberts@verizon.net.
Robert Zweig is a tenured, full professor at Manhattan Community College of the City University of New York. He teaches courses in Literature and Writing and for many years was the Intensive Writing Coordinator for the college. He has a doctorate in English Literature from the City University of New York, a Masters from Queens College in creative writing and a bachelor's degree from Queens College in English literature. Dr. Zweig has numerous peer-reviewed publications in journals, encyclopedias and books. In addition, he is currently writing two textbooks for McGraw-Hill on the writing process, due out in 2011, another textbook, Grammar in the Modern World (Pearson) due out in 2011 and is co-author of Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing, a bestselling introduction to literature textbook by Longman Publishers. His translations of the Italian poet and Nobel Laureate Eugentio Montale appear in this text. Also, Dr. Zweig has lectured extensively throughout the United States and Italy on Victorian Literature, Poetics and contemporary culture. Some of the American universities he has addressed include Notre Dame, New York University, University of California, Harvard, University of Illinois, University of Delaware, Rutgers University and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York. He has received several scholarships and awards, including a Mellon Fellowship and the Phi Beta Kappa award for "Outstanding Teaching Skills" as one of the Top Ten Professors at Manhattan Community College.
Content
Preface
PART I The Process of Reading, Responding to, and Writing About Literature
What Is Literature, and Why Do We Study It?
Types of Literature: The Genres
Reading Literature and Responding to It Actively
Alice Walker Everyday Use
Reading and Responding in a Computer File or Notebook
Sample Notebook Entries on Walker's "Everyday Use"
Major Stages in Thinking and Writing about Literary Topics: Discovering Ideas, Preparing to Write, Making an Initial Draft of Your Essay, and Completing the Essay
Writing Does Not Come Easily-for Anyone
The Goal of Writing: To Show a Process of Thought
Discovering Ideas ("Brainstorming")
Study the Characters in the Work
Determine the Work's Historical Period and Background
Analyze the Work's Economic and Social Conditions
Explain the Work's Major Ideas
Describe the Work's Artistic Qualities
Explain Any Other Approaches That Seem Important
Preparing to Write
Build Ideas from Your Original Notes
Trace Patterns of Action and Thought
The Need for the Actual Physical Process of Writing
Raise and Answer Your Own Questions
Put Ideas Together Using a Plus-Minus, Pro-Con, or Either-Or Method
Originate and Develop Your Thoughts Through Writing
Making an Initial Draft of Your Essay
Base Your Essay on a Central Idea, Argument, or Statement
The Need for a Sound Argument in Essays About Literature
Create a Thesis Sentence as Your Guide to Organization
Begin Each Paragraph with a Topic Sentence
Select Only One Topic-No More-for Each Paragraph
Referring to the Names of Authors
Use Your Topic Sentences as the Arguments for Your Paragraph Development
The Use of Verb Tenses in the Discussion of Literary Works
Develop an Outline as the Means of Organizing Your Essay
Basic Writing Types: Paragraphs and Essays
Paragraph Assignment
Illustrative Student Essay (First Draft): Mrs. Johnson's Overly Self-Assured Daughter, Dee, in Walker's "Everyday Use"
Completing the Essay: Developing and Strengthening Your Essay Through Revision
Make Your Own Arrangement of Details and Ideas
Use Literary Material as Evidence to Support Your Argument
Always Keep to Your Point; Stick to It Tenaciously
Check Your Development and Organization
Try to Be Original
Write with Specific Readers as Your Intended Audience
Use Exact, Comprehensive, and Forceful Language
Illustrative Student Essay (Improved Draft): Mrs. Johnson's Overly Self-Assured Daughter, Dee, in Walker's "Everyday Use"
Commentary on the Essay
A Summary of Guidelines
A Short Guide to the Use of References and Quotations in Essays About Literature
Integrate Passages and Ideas into Your Essay
Distinguish Your Thoughts from Those of Your Author
Integrate Material by Using Quotation Marks
Blend Quotations into Your Own Sentences
Indent Long Quotations and Set Them in Block Format
PART II Reading and Writing About Fiction
1 Fiction: An Overview
Modern Fiction
The Short Story
Elements of Fiction I: Verisimilitude and Donnee
Elements of Fiction II: Character, Plot, Structure, and Idea or Theme
Elements of Fiction III: The Writer's Tools
Stories for Study
SANDRA CISNEROS 'Mericans
WILLIAM FAULKNER A Rose for Emily
LUIGI PIRANDELLO War
Plot: The Motivation and Causality of Fiction
Writing About the Plot of a Story
Illustrative Student Essay: Plot in William Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily"
Writing Topics About Plot in Fiction
2 Point of View: The Position or Stance of the Work's Narrator or Speaker
An Exercise in Point of View: Reporting an Accident
Conditions That Affect Point of View
Point of View and Opinions
Determining a Work's Point of View
Mingling Points of View
Point of View and Verb Tense
Summary: Guidelines for Points of View
Stories for Study
SHERMAN ALEXIE This is What it Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona
SHIRLEY JACKSON The Lottery
LORRIE MOORE How to Become a Writer
Writing About Point of View
Illustrative Student Essay: Shirley Jackson's Dramatic Point of View in "The Lottery"
Writing Topics About Point of View
3 Characters: The People in Fiction
Character Traits
How Authors Disclose Character in Literature
Types of Characters: Round and Flat
Reality and Probability: Verisimilitude
Stories for Study
T. C. BOYLE Greasy Lake
SUSAN GLASPELL A Jury of Her Peers
KATHERINE MANSFIELD Miss Brill
AMY TAN Two Kinds
Writing About Character
Writing Topics About Character
4 Setting: The Background of Place, Objects, and Culture in Stories
What Is Setting?
The Literary Uses of Setting
Stories for Study
JAMES JOYCE Araby
CYNTHIA OZICK The Shawl
EDGAR A. POE The Cask of Amontillado
Writing Topics About Setting
5 Structure: The Organization of Stories
Formal Categories of Structure
Formal and Actual Structure
Stories for Study
RALPH ELLISON Battle Royal
HA JIN Saboteur
EUDORA WELTY A Worn Path
TOM WHITECLOUD Blue Winds Dancing
Writing Topics About Structure
6 Tone and Style: The Words That Convey Attitudes in Fiction
Diction: The Writer's Choice and Control of Words
Tone, Irony, and Style
Tone, Humor, and Style
Stories For Study
KATE CHOPIN The Story of an Hour
ERNEST HEMINGWAY Hills Like White Elephants
FRANK O'CONNOR First Confession
JOHN UPDIKE A & P
Writing Topics About Tone and Style
7 Symbolism and Allegory: Keys to Extended Meaning
Symbolism
Allegory
Fable, Parable, and Myth
Allusion in Symbolism and Allegory
Stories For Study
AESOP The Fox and the Grapes
NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE Young Goodman Brown
LUKE The Parable of the Prodigal Son
GABRIEL GARCIA MARQUEZ A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings
KATHERINE ANNE PORTER The Jilting of Granny Weatherall
Writing About Symbolism
Illustrative Student Essay (Symbolism): Symbols of Light and Darkness in Porter's "The Jilting of Granny Weatherall"
Writing Topics About Symbolism
8 Idea or Theme: The Meaning and the Message in Fiction
Ideas and Assertions
Ideas and Issues
Ideas and Values
The Place of Ideas in Literature
How to Find Ideas
Stories for Study
TONI CADE BAMBARA The Lesson
D. H. LAWRENCE The Horse Dealer's Daughter
AMeRICO PAREDES The Hammon and the Beans
Writing About a Major Idea in Fiction
Illustrative Student Essay: D. H. Lawrence's "The Horse Dealer's Daughter" as an Expression of the Idea that Loving Commitment is Essential in Life
Writing Topics About Ideas
9 Four Stories for Additional Enjoyment and Study
CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN The Yellow Wallpaper
JOYCE CAROL OATES Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?
FLANNERY O'CONNOR A Good Man Is Hard to Find
TOBIAS WOOLF Powder
PART III Reading and Writing About Poetry
10 Meeting Poetry: An Overview
The Nature of Poetry
BILLY COLLINS Schoolsville
LISEL MUELLER Hope
ROBERT HERRICK Here a Pretty Baby Lies
Poetry of the English Language
How to Read a Poem
Studying Poetry
Anonymous Sir Patrick Spens
GWENDOLYN BROOKS The Mother
WILLIAM COWPER The Poplar Field
THOMAS HARDY The Man He Killed
JOY HARJO Eagle Poem
RANDALL JARRELL The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner
DORRIANE LAUX The Life of Trees
EMMA LAZARUS The New Colossus
EUGENIO MONTALEEnglish Horn
JIM NORTHRUP Ogichidag
NAOMI SHIHAB NYE Where Children Live
OCTAVIO PAZ Two Bodies
PHIL RIZZUTO They Own the Wind
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE Sonnet 55: Not Marble, Nor the Gilded Monuments
ELAINE TERRANOVA Rush Hour
Writing a Paraphrase of a Poem
Illustrative Student Paraphrase: A Paraphrase of Thomas Hardy's "The Man He Killed"
Writing an Explication of a Poem
Illustrative Student Essay: An Explication of Thomas Hardy's " Man He Killed"
Writing Topics About the Nature of Poetry
11 Words: The Building Blocks of Poetry
Choice of Diction: Specific and Concrete, General and Abstract
Levels of Diction
Special Types of Diction
Syntax
Decorum: The Matching of Subject and Word
Denotation and Connotation
Robert Graves The Naked and the Nude
Poems for Study
WILLIAM BLAKE The Lamb
ROBERT BURNS Green Grow the Rashes
LEWIS CARROLL Jabberwocky
E. E. CUMMINGS next to of course god america i
JOHN DONNE Holy Sonnet 14: Batter My Heart, Three-Personed God
RICHARD EBERHART The Fury of Aerial Bombardment
BART EDELMAN Chemistry Experiment
THOMAS GRAY Sonnet on the Death of Richard West
A. E. HOUSMAN Loveliest of Trees, the Cherry Now
DENISE LEVERTOV Of Being
JUDITH ORTIZ [COFER] Latin Women Pray
EDWIN ARLINGTON ROBINSON Richard Cory
KAY RYAN Crib
WALLACE STEVENS Disillusionment of Ten O'Clock
MARK STRAND Eating Poetry
WILLIAM WORDSWORTH Daffodils (I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud)
JAMES WRIGHT A Blessing
Writing Topics About the Words of Poetry
12 Imagery: The Poem's Link to the Senses
Responses and the Writer's Use of Detail
The Relationship of Imagery to Ideas and Attitudes
Types of Imagery
JOHN MASEFIELD Cargoes
WILFRED OWEN Anthem for Doomed Youth
ELIZABETH BISHOP The Fish
POEMS FOR STUDY
ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING Sonnets from the Portuguese, Number 14: If Thou Must Love Me
SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE Kubla Khan
T. S. ELIOT Preludes
LOUISE ERDRICH Indian Boarding School: The Runaways
SUSAN GRIFFIN Love Should Grow Up Like a Wild Iris in the Fields
THOMAS HARDY Channel Firing
GEORGE HERBERT The Pulley
GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS Spring
DENISE LEVERTOV A Time Past
EUGENIO MONTALE Buffalo (Buffalo)
PABLO NERUDA Every Day You Play
OCTAVIO PAZ The Street
EZRA POUND In a Station of the Metro
MIKLOS RADNOTI Forced March
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE Sonnet 13: My Mistress' Eyes Are Nothing Like the Sun
Writing About Imagery
Illustrative Student Essay: Imagery in T. S. Eliot's "Preludes"
Writing Topics About Imagery in Poetry
13 Figures of Speech, or Metaphorical Language: A Source of Depth and Range in Poetry
Metaphors and Similes: The Major Figures of Speech
Characteristics of Metaphorical Language
JOHN KEATS On First Looking into Chapman's Homer
Vehicle and Tenor
Other Figures of Speech JOHN KEATS Bright Star
JOHN GAY Let Us Take the Road
POEMS FOR STUDY
JACK AGUEEROS Sonnet for You, Familiar Famine
WILLIAM BLAKE The Tyger
ROBERT BURNS A Red, Red Rose
JOHN DONNE A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning
ABBIE HUSTON EVANS The Iceberg Seven-Eighths Under
JOY HARJO Remember
JOHN KEATS To Autumn
HENRY KING Sic Vita
ROBERT LOWELL Skunk Hour
PABLO NERUDA If You Forget Me
MARGE PIERCY A Work of Artifice
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE Sonnet 18: Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer's Day?
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE Sonnet 3: When to the Sessions of Sweet Silent Thought
WALT WHITMAN Facing West from California's Shores
WILLIAM WORDSWORTH London, 1820
SIR THOMAS WYATT I Find No Peace
Writing About Figures of Speech
Illustrative Student Paragraph: Wordsworth's Use of Overstatement in "London, 1820"
Writing Topics About Figures of Speech in Poetry
14 Tone: The Creation of Attitude in Poetry
Tone, Choice, and Response
CORNELIUS WHUR The First-Rate Wife
Tone and the Need for Control
WILFRED OWEN Dulce et Decorum Est
Tone and Common Grounds of Assent
Tone in Conversation and Poetry
Tone and Irony
THOMAS HARDY The Workbox
Tone and Satire ALEXANDER POPE Epigram from the French
ALEXANDER POPE Epigram, Engraved on the Collar of a Dog Which I Gave to His Royal Highness
POEMS FOR STUDY
WILLIAM BLAKE On Another's Sorrow
ROBERT BROWNING My Last Duchess
JIMMY CARTER I Wanted to Share My Father's World
BILLY COLLINS The Names
E. E. CUMMINGS she being Brand /-new
MARTIN ESPADA Bully
MARI EVANS I Am a Black Woman
SEAMUS HEANEY Mid-Term Break
DAVID IGNATOW The Bagel
YUSEF KOMUNYAKAA Facing It
ABRAHAM LINCOLN My Childhood's Home
PAT MORA La Migra
SHARON OLDS The Planned Child
ALEXANDER POPEfrom Epilogue to the Satires Dialogue I
ANNE RIDLER Nothing Is Lost
THEODORE ROETHKE My Papa's Waltz
CATHY SONG Lost Sister
JONATHAN SWIFT A Description of the Morning
DAVID WAGONER My Physics Teacher
WILLIAM WORDSWORTH The Solitary Reaper
WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS When You Are Old
Writing Topics About Tone in Poetry
15 Form: The Shape of Poems
Closed-Form Poetry
WILLIAM WORDSWORTH Fragment from The Prelude
ALEXANDER POPE Fragment from The Rape of the Locke
ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON The Eagle
JOHN MILTON Fragment from Lycidas
ANONYMOUS Spun in High, Dark Clouds
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE Sonnet 116: Let Me Not to the Marriage of True Minds
Open-Form Poetry WALT WHITMAN Reconciliation
E. E. CUMMINGS Buffalo Bill's Defunct
GEORGE HERBERT Colossians 3:3 (Our Life is Hid With Christ in God)
GEORGE HERBERT Easter Wings
CHARLES HARPER WEBB The Shape of History
JOHN HOLLANDER Swan and Shadow
WILLIAM HEYEN Mantle
MAY SWENSON Women
ROBERT HASS Museum
POEMS FOR STUDY
ELIZABETH BISHOP One Art
BILLY COLLINS Sonnet
ROBERT FROST Desert Places
GEORGE HERBERT Virtue
JOHN HALL INGHAM George Washington
JOHN KEATS Ode to a Nightingale
YUSEF KOMUNYAKAA Grenade
CLAUDE McKAY In Bondage
HERMAN MELVILLE Shiloh
DUDLEY RANDALL Ballad of Birmingham
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE Sonnet 73
PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY Ozymandias
DYLAN THOMAS Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night
WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS The Dance
Writing Topics About Poetic Form
16. Symbolism and Allusion: Windows to Wide Expanses of Meaning
Symbolism and Meanings
VIRGINIA SCOTT Snow
The Function of Symbolism in Poetry
Allusions and Meaning
Studying for Symbols and Allusions
POEMS FOR STUDY
PETER DAVISON Delphi
STEPHEN DUNN Hawk
RALPH WALDO EMERSON Concord Hymn
ISABELLA GARDNER Collage of Echoes
THOMAS HARDY In Time of "The Breaking of Nations"
GEORGE HERBERT The Collar
JOSEPHINE JACOBSEN Tears
ROBINSON JEFFERS The Purse-Seine
JOHN KEATS La Belle Dame Sans Merci: A Ballad
X. J. KENNEDY Old Men Pitching Horseshoes
ANDREW MARVELL To His Coy Mistress
MARY OLIVER Wild Geese
KAY RYAN We're Building the Ship as We Sail It
GARY SNYDER Milton by Firelight
WALT WHITMAN A Noiseless Patient Spider
WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS The Second Coming
Writing Topics About Symbolism and Allusion in Poetry
17. Four Major American Poets: Emily Dickinson, Robert Frost, Langston Hughes, and Sylvia Plath
EMILY DICKINSON'S Life and Work
Writing Topics About the Poetry of Emily Dickinson
POEMS BY EMILY DICKINSON (ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED)
After Great Pain, a Formal Feeling Comes (J341, F372)
Because I Could Not Stop for Death (J712, F479) (Included in Chapter 11, p. )
The Bustle in a House (J178, F118)
I Dwell in Possibility (F466, J657)
I Heard a Fly Buzz - When I Died (J465, F491)
My Life Closed Twice Before Its Close (J1732, F1773)
ROBERT FROST'S Life and Work
Writing Topics About the Poetry of Robert Frost
POEMS BY ROBERT FROST (CHRONOLOGICALLY ARRANGED)
Mending Wall (1914)
The Road Not Taken (1915)
Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening (1923)
Misgiving (1923)
Desert Places (1936)
Take Something Like a Star (1943)
LANGSTON HUGHES' Life and Work
Writing Topics About the Poetry of Langston Hughes
POEMS OF LANGSTON HUGHES (ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED)
Harlem
Negro
The Negro Speaks of Rivers
Silhouette
Theme for English B
The Weary Blues
SYLVIA PLATH'S Life and Work
Writing Topics About the Poetry of Sylvia Plath
POEMS OF SYLVIA PLATH (ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED)
Daddy
Lady Lazarus
Metaphors
Mirror
Song for a Summer's Day
Tulips
18. Sixty Two Poems for Additional Enjoyment and Study
AI Conversation
ANNA AKHMATOVA Willow
MAYA ANGELOU Still I Rise Still
ANONYMOUS (NAVAJO) Healing Prayer from the Beautyway Chant
MATTHEW ARNOLD Dover Beach
W.H. AUDEN Musee des Beaux Arts
LOUISE BOGAN Women
ARNA BONTEMPS A Black Man Talks of Reaping
EMILY BRONTE Love and Friendship
GWENDOLYN BROOKS We Real Cool
ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING Sonnets from the Portuguese: Number 43, How Do I Love Thee
BILLY COLLINS Days
STEPHEN CRANE Do Not Weep, Maiden, for War Is Kind
E. E. CUMMINGS if there are any heavens
CARL DENNIS The God Who Loves You
JOHN DONNE Holy Sonnet 1: Death Be Not Proud
PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR Sympathy [I Know What the Caged Bird Feels]
JAMES EMANUEL The Negro
CHIEF DAN GEORGE The Beauty of the Trees
NIKKI GIOVANNI Poetry
FRANCES E. W. HARPER She's Free!
ROBERT HAYDEN Those Winter Sundays
A. D. HOPE Advice to Young Ladies
CAROLINA HOSPITAL Dear Tia
ROBINSON JEFFERS The Answer
JOHN KEATS Ode on a Grecian Urn
YAHIA LABABIDI What Do Animals Dream?
KATHERINE LARSON Statuary
IRVING LAYTON Rhine Boat Trip
PHILIP LEVINE Islands
AUDRE LORDE Every Traveler Has One Vermont Poem
AMY LOWELL Patterns
CLAUDE McKAY The White City
N. SCOTT MOMADAY The Bear
HOWARD NEMEROV Life Cycle of Common Man
JIM NORTHRUP wahbegan
MARY OLIVER Ghosts
DOROTHY PARKER Resume
LINDA PASTAN Marks
MARGE PIERCY The Secretary Chant
EDGAR ALLAN POE Annabel Lee
ALBERTO RIOS The Vietnam Wall
CARL SANDBURG Chicago
SIEGFRIED SASSOON Dreamers
ALAN SEEGER I Have a Rendezvous with Death
BRENDA SEROTTE My Mother's Face
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE Sonnet 29: When in Disgrace with Fortune and Men's Eyes
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE Sonnet 146: Poor Soul, the Center of My Sinful Earth
KARL SHAPIRO Auto Wreck
STEVIE SMITH Not Waving But Drowning
GARY SOTO Oranges
WILLIAM STAFFORD Traveling Through the Dark
GERALD STERN Burying an Animal on the Way to New York
WALLACE STEVENS The Emperor of Ice-Cream
JOHN UPDIKE Perfection Wasted
TINO VILLANUEVA Day-Long Day
JUDITH VIORST True Love
SHELLY WAGNER The Boxes
EDMUND WALLER Go, Lovely Rose
WALT WHITMAN Full of Life Now
WALT WHITMAN I Hear America Singing
JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER The Bartholdi Statue
PAUL ZIMMER The Day Zimmer Lost Religion
PART IV Reading and Writing About Drama
19. The Dramatic Vision: An Overview
Drama as Literature
Performance: The Unique Aspect of Drama
Drama from Ancient Times to Our Own: Tragedy, Comedy, and Additional Forms
ANONYMOUS The Visit to the Sepulcher (Visitatio Sepulchri)
PLAYS FOR STUDY
SUSAN GLASPELL Trifles
EUGENE O'NEILL Before Breakfast
Writing About the Elements of Drama
Referring to Plays and Parts of Plays
Illustrative Student Essay: Eugene O'Neill's Use of Negative Descriptions and Stage Directions in Before Breakfast as a Means of Revealing Character
Writing Topics About the Elements of Drama
20. Tragedy
Plays for Study
SOPHOCLES Oedipus the King
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark
Writing Topics About Tragedy
21. Comedy, Satire, and Farce
Plays for Study
ANTON CHEKHOV The Bear, A Joke in One Act
JANE MARTIN Beauty
LUIS VALDEZ Los Vendidos
Writing Topics About Comedy
22. Problem Drama: Two Major Plays for Additional Enjoyment and Study
HENRIK IBSEN A Dollhouse (Et Dukkehjem)
AUGUST WILSON Fences
Appendix
I. Writing a Research Essay on Literature
Selecting a Topic
Setting Up a Working Bibliography
Locating Sources
Searching the Internet
Evaluating Sources (box)
Searching Library Resources
Important Considerations About Computer-Aided Research (box)
Review the Bibliographies in Major Critical Studies on your Topic
Consult Bibliographical Guides
Gaining Access to Books and Articles Through Databases
Taking Notes and Paraphrasing Material
Plagiarism: An Embarrassing but Vital Subject-and a Danger to be Overcome (box)
Being Creative and Original While Doing Research
Documenting Your Work
Strategies for Organizing Ideas in Your Research Essay
Illustrative Student Essay Using Research: The Structure of Katherine Mansfield's "Miss Brill"
Writing Topics About How to Undertake a Research Essay
II. MLA Recommendations for Documenting Sources
Credits
Index of Authors, Titles, and First Lines
PART I The Process of Reading, Responding to, and Writing About Literature
What Is Literature, and Why Do We Study It?
Types of Literature: The Genres
Reading Literature and Responding to It Actively
Alice Walker Everyday Use
Reading and Responding in a Computer File or Notebook
Sample Notebook Entries on Walker's "Everyday Use"
Major Stages in Thinking and Writing about Literary Topics: Discovering Ideas, Preparing to Write, Making an Initial Draft of Your Essay, and Completing the Essay
Writing Does Not Come Easily-for Anyone
The Goal of Writing: To Show a Process of Thought
Discovering Ideas ("Brainstorming")
Study the Characters in the Work
Determine the Work's Historical Period and Background
Analyze the Work's Economic and Social Conditions
Explain the Work's Major Ideas
Describe the Work's Artistic Qualities
Explain Any Other Approaches That Seem Important
Preparing to Write
Build Ideas from Your Original Notes
Trace Patterns of Action and Thought
The Need for the Actual Physical Process of Writing
Raise and Answer Your Own Questions
Put Ideas Together Using a Plus-Minus, Pro-Con, or Either-Or Method
Originate and Develop Your Thoughts Through Writing
Making an Initial Draft of Your Essay
Base Your Essay on a Central Idea, Argument, or Statement
The Need for a Sound Argument in Essays About Literature
Create a Thesis Sentence as Your Guide to Organization
Begin Each Paragraph with a Topic Sentence
Select Only One Topic-No More-for Each Paragraph
Referring to the Names of Authors
Use Your Topic Sentences as the Arguments for Your Paragraph Development
The Use of Verb Tenses in the Discussion of Literary Works
Develop an Outline as the Means of Organizing Your Essay
Basic Writing Types: Paragraphs and Essays
Paragraph Assignment
Illustrative Student Essay (First Draft): Mrs. Johnson's Overly Self-Assured Daughter, Dee, in Walker's "Everyday Use"
Completing the Essay: Developing and Strengthening Your Essay Through Revision
Make Your Own Arrangement of Details and Ideas
Use Literary Material as Evidence to Support Your Argument
Always Keep to Your Point; Stick to It Tenaciously
Check Your Development and Organization
Try to Be Original
Write with Specific Readers as Your Intended Audience
Use Exact, Comprehensive, and Forceful Language
Illustrative Student Essay (Improved Draft): Mrs. Johnson's Overly Self-Assured Daughter, Dee, in Walker's "Everyday Use"
Commentary on the Essay
A Summary of Guidelines
A Short Guide to the Use of References and Quotations in Essays About Literature
Integrate Passages and Ideas into Your Essay
Distinguish Your Thoughts from Those of Your Author
Integrate Material by Using Quotation Marks
Blend Quotations into Your Own Sentences
Indent Long Quotations and Set Them in Block Format
PART II Reading and Writing About Fiction
1 Fiction: An Overview
Modern Fiction
The Short Story
Elements of Fiction I: Verisimilitude and Donnee
Elements of Fiction II: Character, Plot, Structure, and Idea or Theme
Elements of Fiction III: The Writer's Tools
Stories for Study
SANDRA CISNEROS 'Mericans
WILLIAM FAULKNER A Rose for Emily
LUIGI PIRANDELLO War
Plot: The Motivation and Causality of Fiction
Writing About the Plot of a Story
Illustrative Student Essay: Plot in William Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily"
Writing Topics About Plot in Fiction
2 Point of View: The Position or Stance of the Work's Narrator or Speaker
An Exercise in Point of View: Reporting an Accident
Conditions That Affect Point of View
Point of View and Opinions
Determining a Work's Point of View
Mingling Points of View
Point of View and Verb Tense
Summary: Guidelines for Points of View
Stories for Study
SHERMAN ALEXIE This is What it Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona
SHIRLEY JACKSON The Lottery
LORRIE MOORE How to Become a Writer
Writing About Point of View
Illustrative Student Essay: Shirley Jackson's Dramatic Point of View in "The Lottery"
Writing Topics About Point of View
3 Characters: The People in Fiction
Character Traits
How Authors Disclose Character in Literature
Types of Characters: Round and Flat
Reality and Probability: Verisimilitude
Stories for Study
T. C. BOYLE Greasy Lake
SUSAN GLASPELL A Jury of Her Peers
KATHERINE MANSFIELD Miss Brill
AMY TAN Two Kinds
Writing About Character
Writing Topics About Character
4 Setting: The Background of Place, Objects, and Culture in Stories
What Is Setting?
The Literary Uses of Setting
Stories for Study
JAMES JOYCE Araby
CYNTHIA OZICK The Shawl
EDGAR A. POE The Cask of Amontillado
Writing Topics About Setting
5 Structure: The Organization of Stories
Formal Categories of Structure
Formal and Actual Structure
Stories for Study
RALPH ELLISON Battle Royal
HA JIN Saboteur
EUDORA WELTY A Worn Path
TOM WHITECLOUD Blue Winds Dancing
Writing Topics About Structure
6 Tone and Style: The Words That Convey Attitudes in Fiction
Diction: The Writer's Choice and Control of Words
Tone, Irony, and Style
Tone, Humor, and Style
Stories For Study
KATE CHOPIN The Story of an Hour
ERNEST HEMINGWAY Hills Like White Elephants
FRANK O'CONNOR First Confession
JOHN UPDIKE A & P
Writing Topics About Tone and Style
7 Symbolism and Allegory: Keys to Extended Meaning
Symbolism
Allegory
Fable, Parable, and Myth
Allusion in Symbolism and Allegory
Stories For Study
AESOP The Fox and the Grapes
NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE Young Goodman Brown
LUKE The Parable of the Prodigal Son
GABRIEL GARCIA MARQUEZ A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings
KATHERINE ANNE PORTER The Jilting of Granny Weatherall
Writing About Symbolism
Illustrative Student Essay (Symbolism): Symbols of Light and Darkness in Porter's "The Jilting of Granny Weatherall"
Writing Topics About Symbolism
8 Idea or Theme: The Meaning and the Message in Fiction
Ideas and Assertions
Ideas and Issues
Ideas and Values
The Place of Ideas in Literature
How to Find Ideas
Stories for Study
TONI CADE BAMBARA The Lesson
D. H. LAWRENCE The Horse Dealer's Daughter
AMeRICO PAREDES The Hammon and the Beans
Writing About a Major Idea in Fiction
Illustrative Student Essay: D. H. Lawrence's "The Horse Dealer's Daughter" as an Expression of the Idea that Loving Commitment is Essential in Life
Writing Topics About Ideas
9 Four Stories for Additional Enjoyment and Study
CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN The Yellow Wallpaper
JOYCE CAROL OATES Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?
FLANNERY O'CONNOR A Good Man Is Hard to Find
TOBIAS WOOLF Powder
PART III Reading and Writing About Poetry
10 Meeting Poetry: An Overview
The Nature of Poetry
BILLY COLLINS Schoolsville
LISEL MUELLER Hope
ROBERT HERRICK Here a Pretty Baby Lies
Poetry of the English Language
How to Read a Poem
Studying Poetry
Anonymous Sir Patrick Spens
GWENDOLYN BROOKS The Mother
WILLIAM COWPER The Poplar Field
THOMAS HARDY The Man He Killed
JOY HARJO Eagle Poem
RANDALL JARRELL The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner
DORRIANE LAUX The Life of Trees
EMMA LAZARUS The New Colossus
EUGENIO MONTALEEnglish Horn
JIM NORTHRUP Ogichidag
NAOMI SHIHAB NYE Where Children Live
OCTAVIO PAZ Two Bodies
PHIL RIZZUTO They Own the Wind
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE Sonnet 55: Not Marble, Nor the Gilded Monuments
ELAINE TERRANOVA Rush Hour
Writing a Paraphrase of a Poem
Illustrative Student Paraphrase: A Paraphrase of Thomas Hardy's "The Man He Killed"
Writing an Explication of a Poem
Illustrative Student Essay: An Explication of Thomas Hardy's " Man He Killed"
Writing Topics About the Nature of Poetry
11 Words: The Building Blocks of Poetry
Choice of Diction: Specific and Concrete, General and Abstract
Levels of Diction
Special Types of Diction
Syntax
Decorum: The Matching of Subject and Word
Denotation and Connotation
Robert Graves The Naked and the Nude
Poems for Study
WILLIAM BLAKE The Lamb
ROBERT BURNS Green Grow the Rashes
LEWIS CARROLL Jabberwocky
E. E. CUMMINGS next to of course god america i
JOHN DONNE Holy Sonnet 14: Batter My Heart, Three-Personed God
RICHARD EBERHART The Fury of Aerial Bombardment
BART EDELMAN Chemistry Experiment
THOMAS GRAY Sonnet on the Death of Richard West
A. E. HOUSMAN Loveliest of Trees, the Cherry Now
DENISE LEVERTOV Of Being
JUDITH ORTIZ [COFER] Latin Women Pray
EDWIN ARLINGTON ROBINSON Richard Cory
KAY RYAN Crib
WALLACE STEVENS Disillusionment of Ten O'Clock
MARK STRAND Eating Poetry
WILLIAM WORDSWORTH Daffodils (I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud)
JAMES WRIGHT A Blessing
Writing Topics About the Words of Poetry
12 Imagery: The Poem's Link to the Senses
Responses and the Writer's Use of Detail
The Relationship of Imagery to Ideas and Attitudes
Types of Imagery
JOHN MASEFIELD Cargoes
WILFRED OWEN Anthem for Doomed Youth
ELIZABETH BISHOP The Fish
POEMS FOR STUDY
ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING Sonnets from the Portuguese, Number 14: If Thou Must Love Me
SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE Kubla Khan
T. S. ELIOT Preludes
LOUISE ERDRICH Indian Boarding School: The Runaways
SUSAN GRIFFIN Love Should Grow Up Like a Wild Iris in the Fields
THOMAS HARDY Channel Firing
GEORGE HERBERT The Pulley
GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS Spring
DENISE LEVERTOV A Time Past
EUGENIO MONTALE Buffalo (Buffalo)
PABLO NERUDA Every Day You Play
OCTAVIO PAZ The Street
EZRA POUND In a Station of the Metro
MIKLOS RADNOTI Forced March
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE Sonnet 13: My Mistress' Eyes Are Nothing Like the Sun
Writing About Imagery
Illustrative Student Essay: Imagery in T. S. Eliot's "Preludes"
Writing Topics About Imagery in Poetry
13 Figures of Speech, or Metaphorical Language: A Source of Depth and Range in Poetry
Metaphors and Similes: The Major Figures of Speech
Characteristics of Metaphorical Language
JOHN KEATS On First Looking into Chapman's Homer
Vehicle and Tenor
Other Figures of Speech JOHN KEATS Bright Star
JOHN GAY Let Us Take the Road
POEMS FOR STUDY
JACK AGUEEROS Sonnet for You, Familiar Famine
WILLIAM BLAKE The Tyger
ROBERT BURNS A Red, Red Rose
JOHN DONNE A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning
ABBIE HUSTON EVANS The Iceberg Seven-Eighths Under
JOY HARJO Remember
JOHN KEATS To Autumn
HENRY KING Sic Vita
ROBERT LOWELL Skunk Hour
PABLO NERUDA If You Forget Me
MARGE PIERCY A Work of Artifice
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE Sonnet 18: Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer's Day?
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE Sonnet 3: When to the Sessions of Sweet Silent Thought
WALT WHITMAN Facing West from California's Shores
WILLIAM WORDSWORTH London, 1820
SIR THOMAS WYATT I Find No Peace
Writing About Figures of Speech
Illustrative Student Paragraph: Wordsworth's Use of Overstatement in "London, 1820"
Writing Topics About Figures of Speech in Poetry
14 Tone: The Creation of Attitude in Poetry
Tone, Choice, and Response
CORNELIUS WHUR The First-Rate Wife
Tone and the Need for Control
WILFRED OWEN Dulce et Decorum Est
Tone and Common Grounds of Assent
Tone in Conversation and Poetry
Tone and Irony
THOMAS HARDY The Workbox
Tone and Satire ALEXANDER POPE Epigram from the French
ALEXANDER POPE Epigram, Engraved on the Collar of a Dog Which I Gave to His Royal Highness
POEMS FOR STUDY
WILLIAM BLAKE On Another's Sorrow
ROBERT BROWNING My Last Duchess
JIMMY CARTER I Wanted to Share My Father's World
BILLY COLLINS The Names
E. E. CUMMINGS she being Brand /-new
MARTIN ESPADA Bully
MARI EVANS I Am a Black Woman
SEAMUS HEANEY Mid-Term Break
DAVID IGNATOW The Bagel
YUSEF KOMUNYAKAA Facing It
ABRAHAM LINCOLN My Childhood's Home
PAT MORA La Migra
SHARON OLDS The Planned Child
ALEXANDER POPEfrom Epilogue to the Satires Dialogue I
ANNE RIDLER Nothing Is Lost
THEODORE ROETHKE My Papa's Waltz
CATHY SONG Lost Sister
JONATHAN SWIFT A Description of the Morning
DAVID WAGONER My Physics Teacher
WILLIAM WORDSWORTH The Solitary Reaper
WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS When You Are Old
Writing Topics About Tone in Poetry
15 Form: The Shape of Poems
Closed-Form Poetry
WILLIAM WORDSWORTH Fragment from The Prelude
ALEXANDER POPE Fragment from The Rape of the Locke
ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON The Eagle
JOHN MILTON Fragment from Lycidas
ANONYMOUS Spun in High, Dark Clouds
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE Sonnet 116: Let Me Not to the Marriage of True Minds
Open-Form Poetry WALT WHITMAN Reconciliation
E. E. CUMMINGS Buffalo Bill's Defunct
GEORGE HERBERT Colossians 3:3 (Our Life is Hid With Christ in God)
GEORGE HERBERT Easter Wings
CHARLES HARPER WEBB The Shape of History
JOHN HOLLANDER Swan and Shadow
WILLIAM HEYEN Mantle
MAY SWENSON Women
ROBERT HASS Museum
POEMS FOR STUDY
ELIZABETH BISHOP One Art
BILLY COLLINS Sonnet
ROBERT FROST Desert Places
GEORGE HERBERT Virtue
JOHN HALL INGHAM George Washington
JOHN KEATS Ode to a Nightingale
YUSEF KOMUNYAKAA Grenade
CLAUDE McKAY In Bondage
HERMAN MELVILLE Shiloh
DUDLEY RANDALL Ballad of Birmingham
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE Sonnet 73
PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY Ozymandias
DYLAN THOMAS Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night
WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS The Dance
Writing Topics About Poetic Form
16. Symbolism and Allusion: Windows to Wide Expanses of Meaning
Symbolism and Meanings
VIRGINIA SCOTT Snow
The Function of Symbolism in Poetry
Allusions and Meaning
Studying for Symbols and Allusions
POEMS FOR STUDY
PETER DAVISON Delphi
STEPHEN DUNN Hawk
RALPH WALDO EMERSON Concord Hymn
ISABELLA GARDNER Collage of Echoes
THOMAS HARDY In Time of "The Breaking of Nations"
GEORGE HERBERT The Collar
JOSEPHINE JACOBSEN Tears
ROBINSON JEFFERS The Purse-Seine
JOHN KEATS La Belle Dame Sans Merci: A Ballad
X. J. KENNEDY Old Men Pitching Horseshoes
ANDREW MARVELL To His Coy Mistress
MARY OLIVER Wild Geese
KAY RYAN We're Building the Ship as We Sail It
GARY SNYDER Milton by Firelight
WALT WHITMAN A Noiseless Patient Spider
WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS The Second Coming
Writing Topics About Symbolism and Allusion in Poetry
17. Four Major American Poets: Emily Dickinson, Robert Frost, Langston Hughes, and Sylvia Plath
EMILY DICKINSON'S Life and Work
Writing Topics About the Poetry of Emily Dickinson
POEMS BY EMILY DICKINSON (ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED)
After Great Pain, a Formal Feeling Comes (J341, F372)
Because I Could Not Stop for Death (J712, F479) (Included in Chapter 11, p. )
The Bustle in a House (J178, F118)
I Dwell in Possibility (F466, J657)
I Heard a Fly Buzz - When I Died (J465, F491)
My Life Closed Twice Before Its Close (J1732, F1773)
ROBERT FROST'S Life and Work
Writing Topics About the Poetry of Robert Frost
POEMS BY ROBERT FROST (CHRONOLOGICALLY ARRANGED)
Mending Wall (1914)
The Road Not Taken (1915)
Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening (1923)
Misgiving (1923)
Desert Places (1936)
Take Something Like a Star (1943)
LANGSTON HUGHES' Life and Work
Writing Topics About the Poetry of Langston Hughes
POEMS OF LANGSTON HUGHES (ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED)
Harlem
Negro
The Negro Speaks of Rivers
Silhouette
Theme for English B
The Weary Blues
SYLVIA PLATH'S Life and Work
Writing Topics About the Poetry of Sylvia Plath
POEMS OF SYLVIA PLATH (ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED)
Daddy
Lady Lazarus
Metaphors
Mirror
Song for a Summer's Day
Tulips
18. Sixty Two Poems for Additional Enjoyment and Study
AI Conversation
ANNA AKHMATOVA Willow
MAYA ANGELOU Still I Rise Still
ANONYMOUS (NAVAJO) Healing Prayer from the Beautyway Chant
MATTHEW ARNOLD Dover Beach
W.H. AUDEN Musee des Beaux Arts
LOUISE BOGAN Women
ARNA BONTEMPS A Black Man Talks of Reaping
EMILY BRONTE Love and Friendship
GWENDOLYN BROOKS We Real Cool
ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING Sonnets from the Portuguese: Number 43, How Do I Love Thee
BILLY COLLINS Days
STEPHEN CRANE Do Not Weep, Maiden, for War Is Kind
E. E. CUMMINGS if there are any heavens
CARL DENNIS The God Who Loves You
JOHN DONNE Holy Sonnet 1: Death Be Not Proud
PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR Sympathy [I Know What the Caged Bird Feels]
JAMES EMANUEL The Negro
CHIEF DAN GEORGE The Beauty of the Trees
NIKKI GIOVANNI Poetry
FRANCES E. W. HARPER She's Free!
ROBERT HAYDEN Those Winter Sundays
A. D. HOPE Advice to Young Ladies
CAROLINA HOSPITAL Dear Tia
ROBINSON JEFFERS The Answer
JOHN KEATS Ode on a Grecian Urn
YAHIA LABABIDI What Do Animals Dream?
KATHERINE LARSON Statuary
IRVING LAYTON Rhine Boat Trip
PHILIP LEVINE Islands
AUDRE LORDE Every Traveler Has One Vermont Poem
AMY LOWELL Patterns
CLAUDE McKAY The White City
N. SCOTT MOMADAY The Bear
HOWARD NEMEROV Life Cycle of Common Man
JIM NORTHRUP wahbegan
MARY OLIVER Ghosts
DOROTHY PARKER Resume
LINDA PASTAN Marks
MARGE PIERCY The Secretary Chant
EDGAR ALLAN POE Annabel Lee
ALBERTO RIOS The Vietnam Wall
CARL SANDBURG Chicago
SIEGFRIED SASSOON Dreamers
ALAN SEEGER I Have a Rendezvous with Death
BRENDA SEROTTE My Mother's Face
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE Sonnet 29: When in Disgrace with Fortune and Men's Eyes
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE Sonnet 146: Poor Soul, the Center of My Sinful Earth
KARL SHAPIRO Auto Wreck
STEVIE SMITH Not Waving But Drowning
GARY SOTO Oranges
WILLIAM STAFFORD Traveling Through the Dark
GERALD STERN Burying an Animal on the Way to New York
WALLACE STEVENS The Emperor of Ice-Cream
JOHN UPDIKE Perfection Wasted
TINO VILLANUEVA Day-Long Day
JUDITH VIORST True Love
SHELLY WAGNER The Boxes
EDMUND WALLER Go, Lovely Rose
WALT WHITMAN Full of Life Now
WALT WHITMAN I Hear America Singing
JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER The Bartholdi Statue
PAUL ZIMMER The Day Zimmer Lost Religion
PART IV Reading and Writing About Drama
19. The Dramatic Vision: An Overview
Drama as Literature
Performance: The Unique Aspect of Drama
Drama from Ancient Times to Our Own: Tragedy, Comedy, and Additional Forms
ANONYMOUS The Visit to the Sepulcher (Visitatio Sepulchri)
PLAYS FOR STUDY
SUSAN GLASPELL Trifles
EUGENE O'NEILL Before Breakfast
Writing About the Elements of Drama
Referring to Plays and Parts of Plays
Illustrative Student Essay: Eugene O'Neill's Use of Negative Descriptions and Stage Directions in Before Breakfast as a Means of Revealing Character
Writing Topics About the Elements of Drama
20. Tragedy
Plays for Study
SOPHOCLES Oedipus the King
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark
Writing Topics About Tragedy
21. Comedy, Satire, and Farce
Plays for Study
ANTON CHEKHOV The Bear, A Joke in One Act
JANE MARTIN Beauty
LUIS VALDEZ Los Vendidos
Writing Topics About Comedy
22. Problem Drama: Two Major Plays for Additional Enjoyment and Study
HENRIK IBSEN A Dollhouse (Et Dukkehjem)
AUGUST WILSON Fences
Appendix
I. Writing a Research Essay on Literature
Selecting a Topic
Setting Up a Working Bibliography
Locating Sources
Searching the Internet
Evaluating Sources (box)
Searching Library Resources
Important Considerations About Computer-Aided Research (box)
Review the Bibliographies in Major Critical Studies on your Topic
Consult Bibliographical Guides
Gaining Access to Books and Articles Through Databases
Taking Notes and Paraphrasing Material
Plagiarism: An Embarrassing but Vital Subject-and a Danger to be Overcome (box)
Being Creative and Original While Doing Research
Documenting Your Work
Strategies for Organizing Ideas in Your Research Essay
Illustrative Student Essay Using Research: The Structure of Katherine Mansfield's "Miss Brill"
Writing Topics About How to Undertake a Research Essay
II. MLA Recommendations for Documenting Sources
Credits
Index of Authors, Titles, and First Lines