Advanced Biology

Part 1 Molecules to organisms: the nature of biology; the chemicals of life; the cell as a basic unit; tissues, organs and individuals; the principles of classification; the diversity of life. Part 2 Respiration, nutrition and transport: movement in and out of cells; biochemical reactions and enzymes; the release of energy; gaseous exchange; heterotrophic nutrition; autotrophic nutrition; the principles of transport; transport in the mammal; transport in the flowering plant. Part 3 Regulation and defence: homeostasis and the control of glucose; excretion and water balance; temperature regulation; disease and its control. Part 4 Response and coordination: nervous communication; hormonal communication; reception of stimuli; muscles and other effectors; movement and locomotion; behaviour. Part 5 Reproduction, growth and development: cell division and the cell cycle; types of reproduction and life cycles; reproduction of the flowering plant; reproduction of the mammal; patterns of growth and development; control of growth. Part 6 Heredity and genetics: the principles of heredity; chromosomes and genes; the nature of the gene; gene action and gene technology; population genetics. Part 7 Organisms and their environment; biomes, habitats and environment; communities and ecosystems; pollution and conservation; populations and the niche concept; associations between species. Part 8 Evolution of life: evolution in evidence; the mechanisms of evolution; major steps in evolution; appendix - statistics.