Globalization
A Basic Text
2nd Edition
Published on 30. January 2015
Book
Paperback/Softback
552 pages
978-1-118-68712-3 (ISBN)
Description
Updated to reflect recent global developments, the second edition of Globalization: A Basic Text presents an up-to-date introduction to major trends and topics relating to globalization studies.
* Features updates and revisions in its accessible introduction to key theories and major topics in globalization
* Includes an enhanced emphasis on issues relating to global governance, emerging technology, global flows of people, human trafficking, global justice movements, and global environmental sustainability
* Utilizes a unique set of metaphors to introduce and explain the highly complex nature of globalization in an engaging and understandable manner
* Offers an interdisciplinary approach to globalization by drawing from fields that include sociology, global political economy, political science, international relations, geography, and anthropology
* Written by an internationally recognized and experienced author team
* Features updates and revisions in its accessible introduction to key theories and major topics in globalization
* Includes an enhanced emphasis on issues relating to global governance, emerging technology, global flows of people, human trafficking, global justice movements, and global environmental sustainability
* Utilizes a unique set of metaphors to introduce and explain the highly complex nature of globalization in an engaging and understandable manner
* Offers an interdisciplinary approach to globalization by drawing from fields that include sociology, global political economy, political science, international relations, geography, and anthropology
* Written by an internationally recognized and experienced author team
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09/2021
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2nd Edition
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Persons
George Ritzer is Distinguished University Professor at the University of Maryland. He has authored numerous books, including The McDonaldization of Society (Seventh Edition, 2012); and is editor of The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology (2007) and The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Globalization (2012).
Paul Dean is Assistant Professor of Sociology and Anthropology at Ohio Wesleyan University. He is co-editor of The Sociological Cinema, a website promoting video to teach and learn sociology.
Paul Dean is Assistant Professor of Sociology and Anthropology at Ohio Wesleyan University. He is co-editor of The Sociological Cinema, a website promoting video to teach and learn sociology.
Content
About the Website xi
List of Figures xii
Preface xiii
1 GLOBALIZATION I 1
Liquids, Flows, and Structures
Some of the Basics 2
From Solids to Liquids (to Gases) 3
Flows 6
Heavy, Light, Weightless 8
Heavy Structures That Expedite Flows 11
Heavy Structures As Barriers to Flows 15
Subtler Structural Barriers 18
On the Increasing Ubiquity of Global Flows and Structures 20
Thinking about Global Flows and Structures 21
Chapter Summary 22
2 GLOBALIZATION II 27
Some Basic Issues, Debates, and Controversies
Is There Such a Thing As Globalization? 28
Is It Globalization or Transnationalization? 30
If There Is such a Thing As Globalization, When Did It Begin? 31
Globalization or Globalizations? 38
What Drives Globalization? 41
Does Globalization Hop Rather Than Flow? 42
If There Is Such a Thing As Globalization, Is It Inexorable? 43
Does Globaphilia or Globaphobia Have the Upper Hand? 45
What, If Anything, Can Be Done about Globalization? 50
Chapter Summary 51
3 GLOBALIZATION AND RELATED PROCESSES 55
Imperialism, Colonialism, Development, Westernization, Easternization, and Americanization
Imperialism 56
Colonialism 59
Development 61
Westernization 63
Easternization 64
Americanization 67
Comparisons with Globalization 75
The Era of the "Posts" 77
Chapter Summary 78
4 NEOLIBERALISM 83
Roots, Principles, Criticisms, and Neo-Marxian Alternatives
The Past, Present, and Future of Neoliberalism 84
Neoliberalism: An Exemplary Statement and the Basic Principles 89
Popular Neoliberal "Theory": The Case of Thomas Friedman 92
Critiquing Neoliberalism 94
Neoliberalism as Exception 96
Neoliberalism: The Case of Israel 98
The End of History 99
The Death of Neoliberalism? 101
Neo-Marxian Theoretical Alternatives to Neoliberalism 101
Chapter Summary 107
5 GLOBAL POLITICAL STRUCTURES AND PROCESSES 111
On Political Processes and Flows 112
The Nation-State 113
In Defense of the Nation-State 117
"Imagined Community" 118
Changes in Global Nation-State Relations 120
Other Global Political Developments and Structures 122
Regional Political Organizations 126
Global Governance 127
Civil Society 131
Chapter Summary 138
6 STRUCTURING THE GLOBAL ECONOMY 141
Before Bretton Woods 142
Bretton Woods and the Bretton Woods System 144
The End of Bretton Woods 153
Changes in, and Critiques of, Bretton-Woods-Era Organizations 154
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (Oecd) 158
European Union (Common Market) 159
North American Free Trade Agreement (Nafta) 161
Mercosur 163
Opec 164
The Multinational Corporation (Mnc) 164
World Economic Forum 167
The Myth of Economic Globalization? 168
Chapter Summary 168
7 GLOBAL ECONOMIC FLOWS 173
Production and Consumption
Trade 174
Increasing Competition for Commodities 182
The Economic Impact of the Flow of Oil 183
Race to the Bottom and Upgrading 186
Outsourcing 187
Financial Globalization 189
Corporations, People, and Ideas 193
Consumption 195
Chapter Summary 201
8 GLOBAL CULTURE AND CULTURAL FLOWS 205
Cultural Differentialism 207
Cultural Hybridization 215
Cultural Convergence 219
Chapter Summary 233
9 HIGH-TECH GLOBAL FLOWS AND STRUCTURES 237
Technology, Mass Media, and the Internet
Technology, Time-Space Compression, and Distanciation 238
Mass Media 244
The Internet and Social Media 251
Chapter Summary 260
10 GLOBAL FLOWS OF PEOPLE 263
Migration, Human Trafficking, and Tourism Migrants 264
Migration 265
Human Trafficking 286
Tourism 289
Chapter Summary 291
11 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS 295
Modernization and Environmental Flows 297
Differences among Nation-States 299
Global Climate Change 299
Other Environmental Problems 304
Global Responses 312
From Lightness to Heaviness in Environmental Flows 322
Collapse 322
Chapter Summary 323
12 NEGATIVE GLOBAL FLOWS AND PROCESSES 327
Dangerous Imports, Diseases, Crime, Terrorism, War Dangerous Imports 329
Borderless Diseases 331
Crime 336
Terrorism 340
War 346
The Impact of Negative Global Flows on Individuals 353
Chapter Summary 354
13 GLOBAL INEQUALITIES I 357
Class and Rural-Urban Inequalities Class Inequality 359
Rural-Urban Inequality 369
Chapter Summary 381
14 GLOBAL INEQUALITIES II 385
Inequalities of Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Sexuality Defining Majority-Minority Relations 386
Race and Ethnicity 392
Gender 404
Sexuality 411
Responding to and Resisting Global Minority Status: The Case of Women 413
Chapter Summary 415
15 DEALING WITH, RESISTING, AND THE FUTURES OF, GLOBALIZATION 419
Dealing with Globalization 420
Alter-Globalizations 430
The Futures of Globalization 440
Chapter Summary 443
Appendix 447
Disciplinary Approaches to Globalization
Anthropology 448
Sociology 448
Political Science 449
Economics 450
Geography 451
Psychology 452
Literary Criticism (Postcolonial) 453
Other Fields 455
Glossary 457
References 467
Index 517
List of Figures xii
Preface xiii
1 GLOBALIZATION I 1
Liquids, Flows, and Structures
Some of the Basics 2
From Solids to Liquids (to Gases) 3
Flows 6
Heavy, Light, Weightless 8
Heavy Structures That Expedite Flows 11
Heavy Structures As Barriers to Flows 15
Subtler Structural Barriers 18
On the Increasing Ubiquity of Global Flows and Structures 20
Thinking about Global Flows and Structures 21
Chapter Summary 22
2 GLOBALIZATION II 27
Some Basic Issues, Debates, and Controversies
Is There Such a Thing As Globalization? 28
Is It Globalization or Transnationalization? 30
If There Is such a Thing As Globalization, When Did It Begin? 31
Globalization or Globalizations? 38
What Drives Globalization? 41
Does Globalization Hop Rather Than Flow? 42
If There Is Such a Thing As Globalization, Is It Inexorable? 43
Does Globaphilia or Globaphobia Have the Upper Hand? 45
What, If Anything, Can Be Done about Globalization? 50
Chapter Summary 51
3 GLOBALIZATION AND RELATED PROCESSES 55
Imperialism, Colonialism, Development, Westernization, Easternization, and Americanization
Imperialism 56
Colonialism 59
Development 61
Westernization 63
Easternization 64
Americanization 67
Comparisons with Globalization 75
The Era of the "Posts" 77
Chapter Summary 78
4 NEOLIBERALISM 83
Roots, Principles, Criticisms, and Neo-Marxian Alternatives
The Past, Present, and Future of Neoliberalism 84
Neoliberalism: An Exemplary Statement and the Basic Principles 89
Popular Neoliberal "Theory": The Case of Thomas Friedman 92
Critiquing Neoliberalism 94
Neoliberalism as Exception 96
Neoliberalism: The Case of Israel 98
The End of History 99
The Death of Neoliberalism? 101
Neo-Marxian Theoretical Alternatives to Neoliberalism 101
Chapter Summary 107
5 GLOBAL POLITICAL STRUCTURES AND PROCESSES 111
On Political Processes and Flows 112
The Nation-State 113
In Defense of the Nation-State 117
"Imagined Community" 118
Changes in Global Nation-State Relations 120
Other Global Political Developments and Structures 122
Regional Political Organizations 126
Global Governance 127
Civil Society 131
Chapter Summary 138
6 STRUCTURING THE GLOBAL ECONOMY 141
Before Bretton Woods 142
Bretton Woods and the Bretton Woods System 144
The End of Bretton Woods 153
Changes in, and Critiques of, Bretton-Woods-Era Organizations 154
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (Oecd) 158
European Union (Common Market) 159
North American Free Trade Agreement (Nafta) 161
Mercosur 163
Opec 164
The Multinational Corporation (Mnc) 164
World Economic Forum 167
The Myth of Economic Globalization? 168
Chapter Summary 168
7 GLOBAL ECONOMIC FLOWS 173
Production and Consumption
Trade 174
Increasing Competition for Commodities 182
The Economic Impact of the Flow of Oil 183
Race to the Bottom and Upgrading 186
Outsourcing 187
Financial Globalization 189
Corporations, People, and Ideas 193
Consumption 195
Chapter Summary 201
8 GLOBAL CULTURE AND CULTURAL FLOWS 205
Cultural Differentialism 207
Cultural Hybridization 215
Cultural Convergence 219
Chapter Summary 233
9 HIGH-TECH GLOBAL FLOWS AND STRUCTURES 237
Technology, Mass Media, and the Internet
Technology, Time-Space Compression, and Distanciation 238
Mass Media 244
The Internet and Social Media 251
Chapter Summary 260
10 GLOBAL FLOWS OF PEOPLE 263
Migration, Human Trafficking, and Tourism Migrants 264
Migration 265
Human Trafficking 286
Tourism 289
Chapter Summary 291
11 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS 295
Modernization and Environmental Flows 297
Differences among Nation-States 299
Global Climate Change 299
Other Environmental Problems 304
Global Responses 312
From Lightness to Heaviness in Environmental Flows 322
Collapse 322
Chapter Summary 323
12 NEGATIVE GLOBAL FLOWS AND PROCESSES 327
Dangerous Imports, Diseases, Crime, Terrorism, War Dangerous Imports 329
Borderless Diseases 331
Crime 336
Terrorism 340
War 346
The Impact of Negative Global Flows on Individuals 353
Chapter Summary 354
13 GLOBAL INEQUALITIES I 357
Class and Rural-Urban Inequalities Class Inequality 359
Rural-Urban Inequality 369
Chapter Summary 381
14 GLOBAL INEQUALITIES II 385
Inequalities of Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Sexuality Defining Majority-Minority Relations 386
Race and Ethnicity 392
Gender 404
Sexuality 411
Responding to and Resisting Global Minority Status: The Case of Women 413
Chapter Summary 415
15 DEALING WITH, RESISTING, AND THE FUTURES OF, GLOBALIZATION 419
Dealing with Globalization 420
Alter-Globalizations 430
The Futures of Globalization 440
Chapter Summary 443
Appendix 447
Disciplinary Approaches to Globalization
Anthropology 448
Sociology 448
Political Science 449
Economics 450
Geography 451
Psychology 452
Literary Criticism (Postcolonial) 453
Other Fields 455
Glossary 457
References 467
Index 517