Chemical and Bio-Process Control
United States Edition
3rd Edition
Published on 5. February 2008
Book
Hardback
608 pages
978-0-13-713798-5 (ISBN)
Description
Key features:
Industrially relevant approach to chemical and bio-process control
Fully revised edition with substantial enhancements to the theoretical coverage of the subject
Increased number and variety of examples
Extensively revised homework problems with degree-of-diffi culty rating added
Expanded and enhanced chapter on model predictive control
Self-assessment questions and problems at the end of most sections with answers listed in the appendix
Bio-process control coverage:
Background and history of bio-processing and bio-process control added to the introductory chapter
Discussion and analysis of the primary bio-sensors used in bio-tech industries added to the chapter on control loop hardware
Signifi cant proportion of examples and homework problems in the text deal with bio-processes
Section on troubleshooting bio-process control systems included
Bio-related process models added to the modeling chapter
Supplemental material:
Visual basic simulator of process models developed in text
Solutions manual
Set of PowerPoint lecture slides
Collection of process control exams
All supplemental material can be found at www.che.ttu.edu/pcoc/software
Industrially relevant approach to chemical and bio-process control
Fully revised edition with substantial enhancements to the theoretical coverage of the subject
Increased number and variety of examples
Extensively revised homework problems with degree-of-diffi culty rating added
Expanded and enhanced chapter on model predictive control
Self-assessment questions and problems at the end of most sections with answers listed in the appendix
Bio-process control coverage:
Background and history of bio-processing and bio-process control added to the introductory chapter
Discussion and analysis of the primary bio-sensors used in bio-tech industries added to the chapter on control loop hardware
Signifi cant proportion of examples and homework problems in the text deal with bio-processes
Section on troubleshooting bio-process control systems included
Bio-related process models added to the modeling chapter
Supplemental material:
Visual basic simulator of process models developed in text
Solutions manual
Set of PowerPoint lecture slides
Collection of process control exams
All supplemental material can be found at www.che.ttu.edu/pcoc/software
More details
Edition
3rd edition
Language
English
Place of publication
Upper Saddle River
United States
Publishing group
Pearson Education (US)
Target group
Professional and scholarly
Dimensions
Height: 254 mm
Width: 203 mm
Weight
1390 gr
ISBN-13
978-0-13-713798-5 (9780137137985)
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Classification
Persons
James B. Riggs has been a professor of chemical engineering at Texas Tech University since 1983. He received his BS and MS degrees in chemical engineering from the University of Texas at Austin and his Ph.D. degree in chemical engineering from the University of California, Berkeley. He co-founded the Texas Tech Process Control and Optimization Consortium (www.che.ttu.edu/pcoc/) in 1992 and has more than 80 technical publications on process modeling, control and optimization. He is the author of An Introduction to Numerical Methods for Chemical Engineers (1988, 1994) and co-author of Basic Principles and Calculations in Chemical Engineering, 7th Edition (2004). In addition, he has a total of over five years industrial experience.
M. Nazmul Karim is a professor and the Department Chair of Chemical Engineering at Texas Tech University. He received the BSc. (Honors) degree in Chemical Engineering from the Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka. He earned his MSc. degree in Control Engineering and Ph.D. degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, U.K. Before joining Texas Tech University in 2004, he taught at Colorado State University for more than twenty years. He has published widely in the area of bio-process control. Dr. Karim was the Director of the Advanced Industrial Bio-Processing Short Course, which he offered at Colorado State University for over twenty years. More than 130 companies have participated in this course. Dr. Karim has co-authored seventy refereed journal papers and published hundreds of conference papers, and has given numerous invited and keynote talks in professional meetings. He has co-edited a book, Modeling and Control of Biotechnical Processes 1992, with Professor Gregory Stepanopoulos (MIT). He is a Fellow of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers.
M. Nazmul Karim is a professor and the Department Chair of Chemical Engineering at Texas Tech University. He received the BSc. (Honors) degree in Chemical Engineering from the Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka. He earned his MSc. degree in Control Engineering and Ph.D. degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, U.K. Before joining Texas Tech University in 2004, he taught at Colorado State University for more than twenty years. He has published widely in the area of bio-process control. Dr. Karim was the Director of the Advanced Industrial Bio-Processing Short Course, which he offered at Colorado State University for over twenty years. More than 130 companies have participated in this course. Dr. Karim has co-authored seventy refereed journal papers and published hundreds of conference papers, and has given numerous invited and keynote talks in professional meetings. He has co-edited a book, Modeling and Control of Biotechnical Processes 1992, with Professor Gregory Stepanopoulos (MIT). He is a Fellow of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers.
Content
PART I: INTRODUCTIONChapter1: Introduction 31.1 Chemical and Bio-Process Control; 1.2 Everyday Examples of Process Control; 1.3 Control Diagrams and P&IDs; 1.4 Industrial Process Control Examples; 1.5 Block Diagram of a General Feedback Control System; 1.6 Types of Controllers; 1.7 Responsibilities of a Chemical Process Control Engineer; 1.8 Operator Acceptance; 1.9 Process Control and Process Optimization; 1.10 Summary
Chapter: 2 Control Loop Hardware 352.1 Introduction; 2.2 Control Systems; 2.3 Actuator Systems (Final Control Elements); 2.4 Sensor Systems; 2.5 Summary
PART II: PROCESS DYNAMICSChapter 3: Dynamic Modeling 873.1 Introduction; 3.2 Uses of Dynamic Models; 3.3 Classification of Phenomenological Models; 3.4 Dynamic Balance Equations; 3.5 Modeling Examples; 3.6 Sensor Noise; 3.7 Numerical Integration of ODEs; 3.8 Summary
Chapter 4: Laplace Transforms 1334.1 Introduction; 4.2 Laplace Transforms; 4.3 Laplace Transform Solutions of Linear Differential Equations; 4.4 Individual Real Poles; 4.5 Repeated Real Poles; 4.6 Complex Poles; 4.7 Summary
Chapter 5: Transfer Functions 1575.1 Introduction; 5.2 General Characteristics of Transfer Functions; 5.3 Poles of a Transfer Function; 5.4 Stability Analysis Using the Routh Array; 5.5 Zeros of a Transfer Function; 5.6 Block Diagrams using Transfer Functions; 5.7 Linearization of Nonlinear Differential Equations; 5.8 State Space Models; 5.9 Transfer Functions from State Space Models; 5.10 Summary
Chapter 6: Dynamic Behavior of Ideal Systems 2016.1 Introduction; 6.2 Idealized Process Inputs; 6.3 First-Order Processes; 6.4 Second-Order Processes; 6.5 Integrating Processes; 6.6 High-Order Processes; 6.7 Deadtime; 6.8 First Order Plus Deadtime (FOPDT) Model; 6.9 Inverse-Acting Processes; 6.10 Lead-Lag Element; 6.11 Recycle Processes; 6.12 Summary
PART III: PID CONTROLChapter 7: PID Control 2357.1 Introduction; 7.2 Closed-Loop Transfer Functions; 7.3 Analysis of P, I, and D Action; 7.4 Position Forms of the PID Algorithm; 7.5 Velocity Forms of the PID Algorithm; 7.6 Interactive Form of the PID Controller; 7.7 Direct- and Reverse-Acting Controllers; 7.8 Filtering of Sensor Measurements; 7.9 Controller Design Issues; 7.10 Commonly Encountered Control Loops; 7.11 Summary
Chapter 8: PID Controller Tuning 2798.1 Introduction; 8.2 Effect of Tuning Parameters on P-only Control; 8.3 Effect of Tuning Parameters on PI Control; 8.4 Effect of Tuning Parameters on PID Control; 8.5 Summary
Chapter 9: PID Controller Tuning 2979.1 Introduction; 9.2 Tuning Criteria and Performance Assessment; 9.3 Classical Tuning Methods; 9.4 Controller Tuning by Pole Placement; 9.5 PID Tuning Based on Internal Model Control (IMC); 9.6 Controller Reliability; 9.7 Selection of Tuning Criterion; 9.8 Tuning the Filter on Sensor Readings; 9.9 Recommended Approach to Controller Tuning; 9.10 Tuning Fast-Responding Control Loops; 9.11 Tuning Slow-Responding Control Loops; 9.12 PID Tuning; 9.13 Tuning Level Controllers; 9.14 Control Interval; 9.15 Summary
Chapter 10: Troubleshooting Control Loops 34310.1 Introduction; 10.2 Overall Approach to Troubleshooting; 10.3 Troubleshooting Control Loop in the CPI; 10.4 Troubleshooting Control Loop for Bio-Processes; 10.5 Summary
Chapter 11: Frequency Response Analysis 35911.1 Introduction; 11.2 Bode Plot; 11.3 Bode Stability Criterion, Gain Margin and Phase Margin; 11.4 Pulse Tests; 11.5 Nyquist Diagrams; 11.6 Closed-Loop Frequency Response; 11.7 Summary
PART IV: ADVANCED PID CONTROLChapter 12: Cascade, Ratio, and Feedforward Control 38112.1 Introduction; 12.2 Cascade Control; 12.3 Ratio Control; 12.4 Feedforward Control; 12.5 Summary
Chapter 13: PID Enhancements 40913.1 Introduction; 13.2 Inferential Control; 13.3 Scheduling Controller Tuning; 13.4 Override/Select Control; 13.5 Computed Manipulated Variable Control; 13.6 Summary
Chapter 14: PID Implementation Issues 43114.1 Introduction; 14.2 Anti-windup Strategies; 14.3 Bumpless Transfer; 14.4 Split-Range Control; 14.5 Summary
PART V: CONTROL OF MIMO PROCESSESChapter 15: PID Controllers Applied to MIMO Systems 44115.1 Introduction; 15.2 SISO Controllers and (c, y) Pairings; 15.3 Steady-State Coupling; 15.4 Dynamic Factors in Configuration Selection; 15.5 Sensitivity to Disturbances; 15.6 Tuning Decentralized Controllers; 15.7 Decouplers; 15.8 Summary
Chapter 16: Model Predictive Controller 46116.1 Introduction; 16.2 Step Response Models (SRMs); 16.3 The Dynamic Matrix; 16.4 Moving Horizon Controller; 16.5 Prediction Vector; 16.6 DMC Controller; 16.7 Extension to MIMO Processes; 16.8 Application of DMC for Constraint Control; 16.9 Combining an LP with DMC; 16.10 DMC Model Identification; 16.11 Organization of an Industrial MPC Application Project; 16.12 Summary
Chapter 17: Multi-Unit Controller Design 49117.1 Introduction; 17.2 Approach; 17.3 Distillation Column; 17.4 Recycle Reactor Process; 17.5 Summary
Chapter 18: Case Studies 50518.1 Introduction; 18.2 Heat Exchanger Control; 18.3 CSTR Temperature Control; 18.4 Distillation Control; 18.5 pH Control; 18.6 Summary
Appendix A: Answers to Self-Assessment Questions and Problems 539Appendix B: Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams 559Appendix C: Pseudo-Random Number Generator 563Appendix D: Signal Filtering 565Index 569
Chapter: 2 Control Loop Hardware 352.1 Introduction; 2.2 Control Systems; 2.3 Actuator Systems (Final Control Elements); 2.4 Sensor Systems; 2.5 Summary
PART II: PROCESS DYNAMICSChapter 3: Dynamic Modeling 873.1 Introduction; 3.2 Uses of Dynamic Models; 3.3 Classification of Phenomenological Models; 3.4 Dynamic Balance Equations; 3.5 Modeling Examples; 3.6 Sensor Noise; 3.7 Numerical Integration of ODEs; 3.8 Summary
Chapter 4: Laplace Transforms 1334.1 Introduction; 4.2 Laplace Transforms; 4.3 Laplace Transform Solutions of Linear Differential Equations; 4.4 Individual Real Poles; 4.5 Repeated Real Poles; 4.6 Complex Poles; 4.7 Summary
Chapter 5: Transfer Functions 1575.1 Introduction; 5.2 General Characteristics of Transfer Functions; 5.3 Poles of a Transfer Function; 5.4 Stability Analysis Using the Routh Array; 5.5 Zeros of a Transfer Function; 5.6 Block Diagrams using Transfer Functions; 5.7 Linearization of Nonlinear Differential Equations; 5.8 State Space Models; 5.9 Transfer Functions from State Space Models; 5.10 Summary
Chapter 6: Dynamic Behavior of Ideal Systems 2016.1 Introduction; 6.2 Idealized Process Inputs; 6.3 First-Order Processes; 6.4 Second-Order Processes; 6.5 Integrating Processes; 6.6 High-Order Processes; 6.7 Deadtime; 6.8 First Order Plus Deadtime (FOPDT) Model; 6.9 Inverse-Acting Processes; 6.10 Lead-Lag Element; 6.11 Recycle Processes; 6.12 Summary
PART III: PID CONTROLChapter 7: PID Control 2357.1 Introduction; 7.2 Closed-Loop Transfer Functions; 7.3 Analysis of P, I, and D Action; 7.4 Position Forms of the PID Algorithm; 7.5 Velocity Forms of the PID Algorithm; 7.6 Interactive Form of the PID Controller; 7.7 Direct- and Reverse-Acting Controllers; 7.8 Filtering of Sensor Measurements; 7.9 Controller Design Issues; 7.10 Commonly Encountered Control Loops; 7.11 Summary
Chapter 8: PID Controller Tuning 2798.1 Introduction; 8.2 Effect of Tuning Parameters on P-only Control; 8.3 Effect of Tuning Parameters on PI Control; 8.4 Effect of Tuning Parameters on PID Control; 8.5 Summary
Chapter 9: PID Controller Tuning 2979.1 Introduction; 9.2 Tuning Criteria and Performance Assessment; 9.3 Classical Tuning Methods; 9.4 Controller Tuning by Pole Placement; 9.5 PID Tuning Based on Internal Model Control (IMC); 9.6 Controller Reliability; 9.7 Selection of Tuning Criterion; 9.8 Tuning the Filter on Sensor Readings; 9.9 Recommended Approach to Controller Tuning; 9.10 Tuning Fast-Responding Control Loops; 9.11 Tuning Slow-Responding Control Loops; 9.12 PID Tuning; 9.13 Tuning Level Controllers; 9.14 Control Interval; 9.15 Summary
Chapter 10: Troubleshooting Control Loops 34310.1 Introduction; 10.2 Overall Approach to Troubleshooting; 10.3 Troubleshooting Control Loop in the CPI; 10.4 Troubleshooting Control Loop for Bio-Processes; 10.5 Summary
Chapter 11: Frequency Response Analysis 35911.1 Introduction; 11.2 Bode Plot; 11.3 Bode Stability Criterion, Gain Margin and Phase Margin; 11.4 Pulse Tests; 11.5 Nyquist Diagrams; 11.6 Closed-Loop Frequency Response; 11.7 Summary
PART IV: ADVANCED PID CONTROLChapter 12: Cascade, Ratio, and Feedforward Control 38112.1 Introduction; 12.2 Cascade Control; 12.3 Ratio Control; 12.4 Feedforward Control; 12.5 Summary
Chapter 13: PID Enhancements 40913.1 Introduction; 13.2 Inferential Control; 13.3 Scheduling Controller Tuning; 13.4 Override/Select Control; 13.5 Computed Manipulated Variable Control; 13.6 Summary
Chapter 14: PID Implementation Issues 43114.1 Introduction; 14.2 Anti-windup Strategies; 14.3 Bumpless Transfer; 14.4 Split-Range Control; 14.5 Summary
PART V: CONTROL OF MIMO PROCESSESChapter 15: PID Controllers Applied to MIMO Systems 44115.1 Introduction; 15.2 SISO Controllers and (c, y) Pairings; 15.3 Steady-State Coupling; 15.4 Dynamic Factors in Configuration Selection; 15.5 Sensitivity to Disturbances; 15.6 Tuning Decentralized Controllers; 15.7 Decouplers; 15.8 Summary
Chapter 16: Model Predictive Controller 46116.1 Introduction; 16.2 Step Response Models (SRMs); 16.3 The Dynamic Matrix; 16.4 Moving Horizon Controller; 16.5 Prediction Vector; 16.6 DMC Controller; 16.7 Extension to MIMO Processes; 16.8 Application of DMC for Constraint Control; 16.9 Combining an LP with DMC; 16.10 DMC Model Identification; 16.11 Organization of an Industrial MPC Application Project; 16.12 Summary
Chapter 17: Multi-Unit Controller Design 49117.1 Introduction; 17.2 Approach; 17.3 Distillation Column; 17.4 Recycle Reactor Process; 17.5 Summary
Chapter 18: Case Studies 50518.1 Introduction; 18.2 Heat Exchanger Control; 18.3 CSTR Temperature Control; 18.4 Distillation Control; 18.5 pH Control; 18.6 Summary
Appendix A: Answers to Self-Assessment Questions and Problems 539Appendix B: Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams 559Appendix C: Pseudo-Random Number Generator 563Appendix D: Signal Filtering 565Index 569