Challenging Learning Through Questioning
Facilitating the Process of Effective Learning
1st Edition
Published on 19. August 2020
Book
Paperback/Softback
224 pages
978-1-5063-7657-8 (ISBN)
Description
Better questioning for better learning
Questioning is a process that sparks discussion and encourages deeper thinking. Effective questioning builds on students' natural curiosity, moving them out of their comfort zone and into the learning zone in a purposeful, accessible way. It also models the process of good thinking and fosters a culture of high expectations.
Like any skill, questioning takes practice. With this insightful guide, you'll reframe your thinking and fine-tune the three essential questioning skills-know your intent, plan your responses, and stay purposefully silent-to elicit noticeably improved responses from students. Features include
? Questioning sequences that work in any discipline
? Techniques for deepening learning through questioning
? Organizational strategies for pair, small-group, and whole-class dialogues
? Best practices for balancing questioning, thinking tools, and strategic silences
? Exercises, activities, and review and reflection sections
High-quality questioning supports a culture in which students are not only challenged, but expect to be challenged, and where they flourish intellectually. Through your questioning, you'll give them the tools they need to become thoughtful, confident, and independent learners.
Questioning is a process that sparks discussion and encourages deeper thinking. Effective questioning builds on students' natural curiosity, moving them out of their comfort zone and into the learning zone in a purposeful, accessible way. It also models the process of good thinking and fosters a culture of high expectations.
Like any skill, questioning takes practice. With this insightful guide, you'll reframe your thinking and fine-tune the three essential questioning skills-know your intent, plan your responses, and stay purposefully silent-to elicit noticeably improved responses from students. Features include
? Questioning sequences that work in any discipline
? Techniques for deepening learning through questioning
? Organizational strategies for pair, small-group, and whole-class dialogues
? Best practices for balancing questioning, thinking tools, and strategic silences
? Exercises, activities, and review and reflection sections
High-quality questioning supports a culture in which students are not only challenged, but expect to be challenged, and where they flourish intellectually. Through your questioning, you'll give them the tools they need to become thoughtful, confident, and independent learners.
Reviews / Votes
"James Nottingham's work on Challenging Learning is a critical element of creating Visible Learners. This new series will help teachers hone the necessary pedagogical skills of dialogue, feedback, questioning, and mindset. There's no better resource to encourage all learners to know and maximize their impact!" -- John Hattie, Professor & Director, Melbourne Education Research InstituteMore details
Series
Language
English
Place of publication
Thousand Oaks
United States
Publishing group
SAGE Publications Inc
Target group
Professional and scholarly
Dimensions
Height: 280 mm
Width: 216 mm
Thickness: 12 mm
Weight
581 gr
ISBN-13
978-1-5063-7657-8 (9781506376578)
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Classification
Person
Martin Renton is Challenging Learning's Director of Consultancy and Evaluations. He is a highly sought-after keynote speaker, leader, facilitator and coach.
Martin's excellent reputation is well earned. His core belief that professional development is not a 'quick fix' but a deep process of change has led to some very powerful effects in schools and colleges around the world. Teachers and leaders who have worked with Martin over an extended period of time refer to increased engagement, motivation and progress for all students.
Martin ensures that all our Challenging Learning trainers blend theories of learning with active tools for the classroom, giving teachers and leaders the opportunities to put into practice new skills and approaches. The effect can be seen most dramatically in our long-term projects around the world. The most significant of these are in Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Isle of Man, Northern Ireland, Australia and New Zealand.
Martin's knowledge of pedagogy and leadership is borne out of his experiences in schools and colleges as a teacher, leader, consultant and coach. His early experiences as a nanny (2-9 year olds), then as a teacher and leader in middle schools (9-13 year olds), secondary schools (11-18 year olds) and colleges (16+) have given him a comprehensive insight into how people learn from the age of 2-adulthood. Martin uses these insights to challenge, inspire and engage his audiences.
Martin's excellent reputation is well earned. His core belief that professional development is not a 'quick fix' but a deep process of change has led to some very powerful effects in schools and colleges around the world. Teachers and leaders who have worked with Martin over an extended period of time refer to increased engagement, motivation and progress for all students.
Martin ensures that all our Challenging Learning trainers blend theories of learning with active tools for the classroom, giving teachers and leaders the opportunities to put into practice new skills and approaches. The effect can be seen most dramatically in our long-term projects around the world. The most significant of these are in Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Isle of Man, Northern Ireland, Australia and New Zealand.
Martin's knowledge of pedagogy and leadership is borne out of his experiences in schools and colleges as a teacher, leader, consultant and coach. His early experiences as a nanny (2-9 year olds), then as a teacher and leader in middle schools (9-13 year olds), secondary schools (11-18 year olds) and colleges (16+) have given him a comprehensive insight into how people learn from the age of 2-adulthood. Martin uses these insights to challenge, inspire and engage his audiences.
Content
List of Figures
The Challenging Learning Story
Foreword by James Nottingham
Preface
Acknowledgements
About the Author
The Language of Learning
Introduction
Part I: How to Question
Chapter 1: Questioning Essentials
1.0 The Three Essential Skills
1.1 Know Your Intent
1.2 Identifying Your Intent
1.3 Plan Your Responses
1.4 Stay Silent (and Listen)
1.5 Review
1.6 Reflection
Chapter 2: The Basic Questioning Sequence
2.0 The IRE Pattern
2.1 IRE as Closed Questioning
2.2 Problems in IRE
2.3 Rethinking the E
2.4 Using the Explore Step to Focus on Process
2.5 Challenge and the I-R-Explore Pattern
2.6 Questioning as Feedback
2.7 Review
2.8 Reflection
Chapter 3: Questioning Tools: Planning Effective Sequences
3.0 The Starting Point: Initiate-Where Questions Are Born
3.1 A Reflection Section
3.2 Your Options After the First Response: Planning With a Flow Chart
3.3 Planning to Explore: Stick With It!
3.4 Planning Questioning Sequences: The Funnelling Technique
3.5 Using the Funnelling Technique to Plan Longer Sequences
3.6 So Why Don't We Explore More?
3.7 Prompted to Explore!
3.8 Review
3.9 Reflection
Chapter 4: Questioning Flow
4.0 Pause and Paraphrase to Improve Flow
4.1 A Reflection Section
4.2 Paraphrasing
4.3 Getting in Flow
4.4 It's Not About Giving Up Control!
4.5 Managing Questioning Sequences in Whole-Class Dialogues: Get the IDEAR!
4.6 Questioning Moves in the IDEAR Framework
4.7 A Questioning Example in the IDEAR Framework
4.8 Impact of the IDEAR Framework
4.9 Review
4.10 Reflection
Chapter 5: Stay Silent (and Listen)
5.0 Less Time to Process Means Less Impact
5.1 Wait-Time
5.2 Think-Time
5.3 Think-Pair-Share
5.4 Don't Forget Think-Time 2!
5.5 A Taxonomy of Classroom Silences
5.6 The Skilful Use of Silences in Effective Questioning Sequences
5.7 Review
5.8 Reflection
Part II: Questioning and Challenge
Chapter 6: Thinking About Challenge
6.0 The Benefit of Struggle
6.1 How to Think About Challenge in Learning
6.2 Questioning to Encourage and Support Struggle
6.3 Know Your Intent: Get Into the Learning Zone!
6.4 The Learning Pit
6.5 The Learning Challenge Stages
6.6 Review
6.7 Reflection
Chapter 7: Questioning Activities to Challenge Thinking
7.0 Ranking Exercises
7.1 Diamond Nine
7.2 Extending Thinking With The Intention to Challenge
7.3 Your Role During the Groupwork Stage
7.4 Varying the Groupwork to Share Perceptions
7.5 Example Diamond Nine Cards for Different Age Groups
7.6 Other Shapes for Ranking
7.7 Review
7.8 Reflection
Chapter 8: Questioning for Challenge
8.0 Getting Into the Pit!
8.1 Intention to Challenge 1: The Counter-Example
8.2 Intention to Challenge 2: Comparisons
8.3 Intention to Challenge 3: Challenge Assumptions
8.4 Intention to Challenge 4: Define Extent
8.5 Advanced Questioning Techniques for Increasing Challenge
8.6 The Role of the Questioner: Teacher Stances When Questioning for Challenge
8.7 Time to Think When Questioning for Challenge
8.8 Review
8.9 Reflection
Part III: Students and Questioning
Chapter 9: Students Learning to Ask Questions
9.0 Question Stems
9.1 The Question Constructor
9.2 5 Ws (and an H!)
9.3 Inference Squares
9.4 Students Classifying Their Own Questions for Inquiry
9.5 Review
9.6 Reflection
Example Questioning Scripts
Final Reflections
10 Top Tips for Questioning
References
Index
The Challenging Learning Story
Foreword by James Nottingham
Preface
Acknowledgements
About the Author
The Language of Learning
Introduction
Part I: How to Question
Chapter 1: Questioning Essentials
1.0 The Three Essential Skills
1.1 Know Your Intent
1.2 Identifying Your Intent
1.3 Plan Your Responses
1.4 Stay Silent (and Listen)
1.5 Review
1.6 Reflection
Chapter 2: The Basic Questioning Sequence
2.0 The IRE Pattern
2.1 IRE as Closed Questioning
2.2 Problems in IRE
2.3 Rethinking the E
2.4 Using the Explore Step to Focus on Process
2.5 Challenge and the I-R-Explore Pattern
2.6 Questioning as Feedback
2.7 Review
2.8 Reflection
Chapter 3: Questioning Tools: Planning Effective Sequences
3.0 The Starting Point: Initiate-Where Questions Are Born
3.1 A Reflection Section
3.2 Your Options After the First Response: Planning With a Flow Chart
3.3 Planning to Explore: Stick With It!
3.4 Planning Questioning Sequences: The Funnelling Technique
3.5 Using the Funnelling Technique to Plan Longer Sequences
3.6 So Why Don't We Explore More?
3.7 Prompted to Explore!
3.8 Review
3.9 Reflection
Chapter 4: Questioning Flow
4.0 Pause and Paraphrase to Improve Flow
4.1 A Reflection Section
4.2 Paraphrasing
4.3 Getting in Flow
4.4 It's Not About Giving Up Control!
4.5 Managing Questioning Sequences in Whole-Class Dialogues: Get the IDEAR!
4.6 Questioning Moves in the IDEAR Framework
4.7 A Questioning Example in the IDEAR Framework
4.8 Impact of the IDEAR Framework
4.9 Review
4.10 Reflection
Chapter 5: Stay Silent (and Listen)
5.0 Less Time to Process Means Less Impact
5.1 Wait-Time
5.2 Think-Time
5.3 Think-Pair-Share
5.4 Don't Forget Think-Time 2!
5.5 A Taxonomy of Classroom Silences
5.6 The Skilful Use of Silences in Effective Questioning Sequences
5.7 Review
5.8 Reflection
Part II: Questioning and Challenge
Chapter 6: Thinking About Challenge
6.0 The Benefit of Struggle
6.1 How to Think About Challenge in Learning
6.2 Questioning to Encourage and Support Struggle
6.3 Know Your Intent: Get Into the Learning Zone!
6.4 The Learning Pit
6.5 The Learning Challenge Stages
6.6 Review
6.7 Reflection
Chapter 7: Questioning Activities to Challenge Thinking
7.0 Ranking Exercises
7.1 Diamond Nine
7.2 Extending Thinking With The Intention to Challenge
7.3 Your Role During the Groupwork Stage
7.4 Varying the Groupwork to Share Perceptions
7.5 Example Diamond Nine Cards for Different Age Groups
7.6 Other Shapes for Ranking
7.7 Review
7.8 Reflection
Chapter 8: Questioning for Challenge
8.0 Getting Into the Pit!
8.1 Intention to Challenge 1: The Counter-Example
8.2 Intention to Challenge 2: Comparisons
8.3 Intention to Challenge 3: Challenge Assumptions
8.4 Intention to Challenge 4: Define Extent
8.5 Advanced Questioning Techniques for Increasing Challenge
8.6 The Role of the Questioner: Teacher Stances When Questioning for Challenge
8.7 Time to Think When Questioning for Challenge
8.8 Review
8.9 Reflection
Part III: Students and Questioning
Chapter 9: Students Learning to Ask Questions
9.0 Question Stems
9.1 The Question Constructor
9.2 5 Ws (and an H!)
9.3 Inference Squares
9.4 Students Classifying Their Own Questions for Inquiry
9.5 Review
9.6 Reflection
Example Questioning Scripts
Final Reflections
10 Top Tips for Questioning
References
Index