Bioanalysis from Scratch
Diabetes, Drugs and DNA
1st Edition
Will be published approx. 2030
Book
Paperback/Softback
300 pages
978-3-527-33746-0 (ISBN)
Description
Written in his entertaining style and with his characteristic wit, Reinhard Renneberg's new book explains analytical methods in modern biosciences. The bestselling author's profound knowledge of the subject ensures absolute scientific accuracy and up-to-date coverage of all the methods presented. These include electrophoresis, PCR, ELISA, mass spectroscopy, protein and DNA/RNA analysis, as well as immunological analysis. For each method, a full overview is given of what it is, how it was developed and what biological questions it can answer. Special emphasis is placed on the development of biosensors.
An extremely well written and illustrated introduction to a rather dry topic for undergraduates in a range of disciplines, from chemistry to biology and from pharmacology to medicine.
Nach seinem internationalen Erfolg von 'Biotechnology for Beginners' erklärt Reinhard Renneberg in seinem neuen Buch analytische Methoden der modernen Biowissenschaften. Eine ideale Einführung in ein eher trockenes Thema für Studenten im Grundstudium.
An extremely well written and illustrated introduction to a rather dry topic for undergraduates in a range of disciplines, from chemistry to biology and from pharmacology to medicine.
Nach seinem internationalen Erfolg von 'Biotechnology for Beginners' erklärt Reinhard Renneberg in seinem neuen Buch analytische Methoden der modernen Biowissenschaften. Eine ideale Einführung in ein eher trockenes Thema für Studenten im Grundstudium.
More details
Language
English
Place of publication
Weinheim
Germany
Target group
Professional and scholarly
Illustrations
250 s/w Abbildungen, 250 farbige Abbildungen
Dimensions
Height: 276 mm
Width: 210 mm
ISBN-13
978-3-527-33746-0 (9783527337460)
Copyright in bibliographic data is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or its licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Classification
Persons
Reinhard Renneberg (born 1951) is a Full Professor of Analytical Biotechnology at one of the leading universities of Asia, HKUST, in Hong Kong since 1994. He received the Award of Best teacher of HKUST in 2004. He is author of 5 books, 20 patents and 800 peer reviewed papers. Renneberg is running a bi-weekly BIOLUMNE about bionews (www.biolumne.de) with science cartoons.
Content
CONTENT
IN PLACE OF A PREFACE
PORTRAIT OF DEDICATEE FRIEDER W. SCHELLER
HOW I BECAME A BIOANALYST
Chapter 1
THE NANOROO The Unbelievable Tale of Its Isolation, Purification, Concentration and Characterization
1.1 The Discovery Site. 1.2 Cultivation and Pure Culturing. 1.3 Biomass Production. 1.4 Activity Test. 1.5 Gel and Ion-Exchange Chromatography. 1.6 Affinity Chromatography. 1.7 Isoelectric Focusing. 1.8 Gel Electrophoresis. 1.9 Mass and Sequence Analysis. 1.10 How the Gene was "fished". 1.11 X-Ray Structural Analysis and NMR. 1.12 The Sensation: Nanoroo ? Sudden Enlightenment. 1.13 What lies in Store for the Nanoroo?
Chapter 2
BIOMOLECULES ON TEST Experimental Bioanalytics
2.1 Ever bigger Machines for ever smaller Particles?. 2.2 Protein Separation ? Water, Water everywhere!. 2.3 Gel Filtration Chromatography separates Proteins according to Size. 2.4 Ion Exchange Chromatography separates Proteins according to Charge. 2.5 Molecular Ying and Yang: Affinity Chromatography. 2.6 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). 2.7 How is Purification progressing? Electrophoresis for the qualitative Analysis of Protein Mixtures. 2.8 Isoelectric Focusing separates Proteins according to neutral Points. 2.9 Capillary Electrophoresis combines high Separation Accuracy with short Separation Times. 2.10 Antibody Probes for the Identification of Proteins. 2.11 The instrumental Investigation of Protein Structures. 2.12 Edman Sequencing reveals the Primary Structure of a Protein. 2.13 Mass Spectrometry for the accurate Determination of Protein and Peptide Masses. 2.14 X-Ray Protein Structure Analysis for deciphering Protein Conformations. 2.15 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) for investigating Proteins in Solution
Chapter 3
BIOCATALYSIS Enzymes and Enzyme Tests
3.1 Enzymes ? highly specific and efficient molecular Machines. 3.2 Chicken or the Egg? Ribozymes are also Biocatalysts. 3.3 How Enzymes recognize Substrates. 3.4 How Enzymes are named and classified. 3.5 Key/Lock or Hand/Glove?. 3.6 Coenzymes are transformed like Substrates. 3.7 Enzyme Kinetics: How Enzyme Reactions proceed over time. 3.8 Unit and Katal are the Units for measuring Enzyme Activity. 3.9 Let's get started: optical Enzyme Tests. 3.10 Dry Chemistry: From Litmus Paper to Glucose Dipsticks. 3.11 Inhibition of Enzyme Reactions. 3.12 V A dead Bird or: the accurate Measurement of Enzyme Inhibitors. 3.13 Isoenzymes. 3.14 Enzyme Activity Tests
Chapter 4
BIO-AFFINITY I Antibodies and Immune Tests
4.1 Has the Vaccination taken Effect? The Ring Precipitation Test. 4.2 How Antigens and Haptens React to Antibodies. 4.3 Blood is a Juice with curious Properties ? the Determination of Blood Groups. 4.4 Soluble plus soluble equals insoluble - Immunoprecipitation. 4.5 Diffusion combined with Electrophoresis ? Immunoelectrophoresis. 4.6 Western Blotting. 4.7 Nephelometry ? Fishing in murky Waters. 4.8 Immunoassays: The Best is the Enemy of the Good. 4.9 Thyroid Tests using Radioimmunoassays. 4.10 Immunology ? harnessing the Power of Enzymes - ELISA. 4.11 Indirect ELISA ? Detection of Antibodies to HIV and the Dot Test. 4.12 Rapid Immune Tests ? Is a Baby on its Way?. 4.13 The Rapid Detection of a Killer ? HIV Tests. 4.14 Rapid Response in Myocardial Infarction. 4.15 Point of Care (POC) Tests ? A worldwide Trend. 4.16 The Use and Misuse of Drugs. 4.17 Immunological Drug Tests. 4.18 How to evaluate a Lab Test ? Example HIV Test. 4.19 How Tests are tested ? ROC Curves
Chapter 5
BIOAFFINITY II Biological Receptors ? Nature as an Unsurpassed Bioanalyst
5.1 A Dog?s Nose is fantastic ? 1,000,000 Times more sensitive than ours. 5.2 Our human Senses. 5.3 Smell ? olfactory Perception. 5.4 How does a Receptor work?. 5.5 Electronic Noses ? combined Polymers versus genuine Receptors. 5.6 Taste ? gustatory Perception. 5.7 Sight ? Visual Perception 132. 5.8 Evolution of the Eye. 5.9 Processes in the Retina. 5.10 Color Vision. 5.11 Hearing ? auditory Perception. 5.12 Molecular Auditory Mechanisms. 5.13 Touch ? haptic Perception. 5.14 Are there any other sensory Systems?
Chapter 6
DNA, RNA and their Amplification
6.1 DNA- the Double Helix. 6.2 Tools for DNA Bioanalytics ? DNA Polymerases. 6.3 From DNA to RNA using RNA Polymerases. 6.4 Short and sweet ? the DNA Code. 6.5 Structural Genes, Exons and Introns. 6.6 Plasmids or DNA in a Cuckoo?s Egg. 6.7 Scissors and Glue for DNA ? Restriction Endonucleases and Ligases. 6.8 Working the Other Way ? Turning RNA into DNA with Reverse Transcriptase. 6.9 How to obtain Nucleic Acids. 6.10 Experiment ? Isolating DNA from Zucchini in the Kitchen!. 6.11 Optical Determination of Nucleic Acid Concentrations. 6.12 DNA Probes to detect DNA. 6.13 How to Analyze DNA ? Gel Electrophoresis separates DNA Fragments According to Size. 6.14 Life and Death ? Genetic Fingerprinting in establishing Paternity and investigating Murders. 6.15 DNA Markers ? Tandems and ?Snippets?. 6.16 The Polymerase Chain Reaction ? a DNA-copying Machine. 6.17 Reverse Transcriptase PCR (RT PCR) for the Detection of RNA Viruses. 6.18 Real-Time Quantitative PCR (RTQ-PCR) Quantifies PCR Products. 6.19 The Sequencing of Genes. 6.20 Southern Blotting. 6.21 Automatic DNA Sequencing. 6.22 FISH ? Identifying the Location on a Chromosome and the Number of Gene Copies
Chapter 7
BIOSENSORS
7.1 Enzyme Tests for Millions of Diabetics. 7.2 Diabetes Mellitus ? What Now?!. 7.3 Glucose Biosensors: Highly Effective Combinations of Biomolecules and Sensors. 7.4 Test your own Glucose Levels!. 7.5 Environmental Monitoring using Microbial Respiration Tests: the BOD5 Test. 7.6 Cell Sensors measure Wastewater Pollution in five Minutes. 7.7 Molecular Dogcatcher: Piezosensors. 7.8 Mirages, optical Sensors and BIAcore. 7.9 Real-Time Measurements with SPR. 7.10 Detection of lethal Substances using Antibodies. 7.11 How is a Signal generated?. 7.12 How can we maintain the Functionality of the Immunosensor?. 7.13 Biosensors with immobilized Antibodies 7.14 Biochips: Selective molecular Fishing in murky Waters. 7.15 How does a DNA Chip work?. 7.16 Discovering the Cause of an Illness and identifying Viruses. 7.17 DNA Chips for Cytochrome P450. 7.18 DNA Chips for Green Genetic Engineering, Ecology, and Forensics. 7.19 Protein Chips
Chapter 8
PHARMACEUTICALS PUT THROUGH THEIR PACES
8.1 The Unstoppable Progress of Bioanalytics. 8.2 From Green Gold to the Red Gold Vein. 8.3 High-Throughput Screening ? from Active Substances to Candidate Pharmaceuticals. 8.4 New HPLC Screening Techniques. 8.5 RP HPLC coupled with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry (NMR). 8.6 Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-MS). 8.7 Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS). 8.8 New in vitro and in vivo Tests Using Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) ? Answers at last or even more Questions?. 8.9 Evaluation of Recombinant Pharmaceuticals
Bioanalytics - A Science in its own Right
Glossary
IN PLACE OF A PREFACE
PORTRAIT OF DEDICATEE FRIEDER W. SCHELLER
HOW I BECAME A BIOANALYST
Chapter 1
THE NANOROO The Unbelievable Tale of Its Isolation, Purification, Concentration and Characterization
1.1 The Discovery Site. 1.2 Cultivation and Pure Culturing. 1.3 Biomass Production. 1.4 Activity Test. 1.5 Gel and Ion-Exchange Chromatography. 1.6 Affinity Chromatography. 1.7 Isoelectric Focusing. 1.8 Gel Electrophoresis. 1.9 Mass and Sequence Analysis. 1.10 How the Gene was "fished". 1.11 X-Ray Structural Analysis and NMR. 1.12 The Sensation: Nanoroo ? Sudden Enlightenment. 1.13 What lies in Store for the Nanoroo?
Chapter 2
BIOMOLECULES ON TEST Experimental Bioanalytics
2.1 Ever bigger Machines for ever smaller Particles?. 2.2 Protein Separation ? Water, Water everywhere!. 2.3 Gel Filtration Chromatography separates Proteins according to Size. 2.4 Ion Exchange Chromatography separates Proteins according to Charge. 2.5 Molecular Ying and Yang: Affinity Chromatography. 2.6 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). 2.7 How is Purification progressing? Electrophoresis for the qualitative Analysis of Protein Mixtures. 2.8 Isoelectric Focusing separates Proteins according to neutral Points. 2.9 Capillary Electrophoresis combines high Separation Accuracy with short Separation Times. 2.10 Antibody Probes for the Identification of Proteins. 2.11 The instrumental Investigation of Protein Structures. 2.12 Edman Sequencing reveals the Primary Structure of a Protein. 2.13 Mass Spectrometry for the accurate Determination of Protein and Peptide Masses. 2.14 X-Ray Protein Structure Analysis for deciphering Protein Conformations. 2.15 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) for investigating Proteins in Solution
Chapter 3
BIOCATALYSIS Enzymes and Enzyme Tests
3.1 Enzymes ? highly specific and efficient molecular Machines. 3.2 Chicken or the Egg? Ribozymes are also Biocatalysts. 3.3 How Enzymes recognize Substrates. 3.4 How Enzymes are named and classified. 3.5 Key/Lock or Hand/Glove?. 3.6 Coenzymes are transformed like Substrates. 3.7 Enzyme Kinetics: How Enzyme Reactions proceed over time. 3.8 Unit and Katal are the Units for measuring Enzyme Activity. 3.9 Let's get started: optical Enzyme Tests. 3.10 Dry Chemistry: From Litmus Paper to Glucose Dipsticks. 3.11 Inhibition of Enzyme Reactions. 3.12 V A dead Bird or: the accurate Measurement of Enzyme Inhibitors. 3.13 Isoenzymes. 3.14 Enzyme Activity Tests
Chapter 4
BIO-AFFINITY I Antibodies and Immune Tests
4.1 Has the Vaccination taken Effect? The Ring Precipitation Test. 4.2 How Antigens and Haptens React to Antibodies. 4.3 Blood is a Juice with curious Properties ? the Determination of Blood Groups. 4.4 Soluble plus soluble equals insoluble - Immunoprecipitation. 4.5 Diffusion combined with Electrophoresis ? Immunoelectrophoresis. 4.6 Western Blotting. 4.7 Nephelometry ? Fishing in murky Waters. 4.8 Immunoassays: The Best is the Enemy of the Good. 4.9 Thyroid Tests using Radioimmunoassays. 4.10 Immunology ? harnessing the Power of Enzymes - ELISA. 4.11 Indirect ELISA ? Detection of Antibodies to HIV and the Dot Test. 4.12 Rapid Immune Tests ? Is a Baby on its Way?. 4.13 The Rapid Detection of a Killer ? HIV Tests. 4.14 Rapid Response in Myocardial Infarction. 4.15 Point of Care (POC) Tests ? A worldwide Trend. 4.16 The Use and Misuse of Drugs. 4.17 Immunological Drug Tests. 4.18 How to evaluate a Lab Test ? Example HIV Test. 4.19 How Tests are tested ? ROC Curves
Chapter 5
BIOAFFINITY II Biological Receptors ? Nature as an Unsurpassed Bioanalyst
5.1 A Dog?s Nose is fantastic ? 1,000,000 Times more sensitive than ours. 5.2 Our human Senses. 5.3 Smell ? olfactory Perception. 5.4 How does a Receptor work?. 5.5 Electronic Noses ? combined Polymers versus genuine Receptors. 5.6 Taste ? gustatory Perception. 5.7 Sight ? Visual Perception 132. 5.8 Evolution of the Eye. 5.9 Processes in the Retina. 5.10 Color Vision. 5.11 Hearing ? auditory Perception. 5.12 Molecular Auditory Mechanisms. 5.13 Touch ? haptic Perception. 5.14 Are there any other sensory Systems?
Chapter 6
DNA, RNA and their Amplification
6.1 DNA- the Double Helix. 6.2 Tools for DNA Bioanalytics ? DNA Polymerases. 6.3 From DNA to RNA using RNA Polymerases. 6.4 Short and sweet ? the DNA Code. 6.5 Structural Genes, Exons and Introns. 6.6 Plasmids or DNA in a Cuckoo?s Egg. 6.7 Scissors and Glue for DNA ? Restriction Endonucleases and Ligases. 6.8 Working the Other Way ? Turning RNA into DNA with Reverse Transcriptase. 6.9 How to obtain Nucleic Acids. 6.10 Experiment ? Isolating DNA from Zucchini in the Kitchen!. 6.11 Optical Determination of Nucleic Acid Concentrations. 6.12 DNA Probes to detect DNA. 6.13 How to Analyze DNA ? Gel Electrophoresis separates DNA Fragments According to Size. 6.14 Life and Death ? Genetic Fingerprinting in establishing Paternity and investigating Murders. 6.15 DNA Markers ? Tandems and ?Snippets?. 6.16 The Polymerase Chain Reaction ? a DNA-copying Machine. 6.17 Reverse Transcriptase PCR (RT PCR) for the Detection of RNA Viruses. 6.18 Real-Time Quantitative PCR (RTQ-PCR) Quantifies PCR Products. 6.19 The Sequencing of Genes. 6.20 Southern Blotting. 6.21 Automatic DNA Sequencing. 6.22 FISH ? Identifying the Location on a Chromosome and the Number of Gene Copies
Chapter 7
BIOSENSORS
7.1 Enzyme Tests for Millions of Diabetics. 7.2 Diabetes Mellitus ? What Now?!. 7.3 Glucose Biosensors: Highly Effective Combinations of Biomolecules and Sensors. 7.4 Test your own Glucose Levels!. 7.5 Environmental Monitoring using Microbial Respiration Tests: the BOD5 Test. 7.6 Cell Sensors measure Wastewater Pollution in five Minutes. 7.7 Molecular Dogcatcher: Piezosensors. 7.8 Mirages, optical Sensors and BIAcore. 7.9 Real-Time Measurements with SPR. 7.10 Detection of lethal Substances using Antibodies. 7.11 How is a Signal generated?. 7.12 How can we maintain the Functionality of the Immunosensor?. 7.13 Biosensors with immobilized Antibodies 7.14 Biochips: Selective molecular Fishing in murky Waters. 7.15 How does a DNA Chip work?. 7.16 Discovering the Cause of an Illness and identifying Viruses. 7.17 DNA Chips for Cytochrome P450. 7.18 DNA Chips for Green Genetic Engineering, Ecology, and Forensics. 7.19 Protein Chips
Chapter 8
PHARMACEUTICALS PUT THROUGH THEIR PACES
8.1 The Unstoppable Progress of Bioanalytics. 8.2 From Green Gold to the Red Gold Vein. 8.3 High-Throughput Screening ? from Active Substances to Candidate Pharmaceuticals. 8.4 New HPLC Screening Techniques. 8.5 RP HPLC coupled with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry (NMR). 8.6 Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-MS). 8.7 Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS). 8.8 New in vitro and in vivo Tests Using Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) ? Answers at last or even more Questions?. 8.9 Evaluation of Recombinant Pharmaceuticals
Bioanalytics - A Science in its own Right
Glossary