Conn's Current Therapy 2008

SECTION 1 Symptomatic Care Pending Diagnosis Pain Ruth Falik, MD Nausea and Vomiting Chad M. Braun, MD Gaseousness and Indigestion Ram Dickman, MD, and Ronnie Fass, MD Hiccups Michael J. Pollack, MD Acute Infectious Diarrhea Matthew T. Oughton, MD, FRCPC, and Andre Dascal, MD, FRCPC Constipation Warren P. Bishop, MD Fever Ian M. Paul, MD, MSc Cough David G. Hill, MD Treatment of Insomnia Martin Reite, MD Pruritus Scott Moses, MD Tinnitus Claus-Frenz Claussen, MD Spine Pain Michael T. McCann, MD SECTION 2 The Infectious Diseases Management of the Patient with HIV Disease Surendra K. Sharma, MD, PhD, and Tamilarasu Kadhiravan, MD Amebiasis Rashidul Haque, MB, PhD, and William A. Petri, Jr., MD, PhD Giardiasis M. Ekramul Hoque, MBBS, MPH (Hons), PhD Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Eleni Patrozou, MD, and Steven M. Opal, MD Brucellosis Basak Dokuzoguz, MD, and Nurcan Baykam, MD Varicella (Chickenpox) Charles Grose, MD Cholera Carlos Seas, MD, and Eduardo Gotuzzo, MD Foodborne Illness Lester M. Crawford, PhD Necrotizing Skin and Soft Tissue Infections John M. Embil, MD, FRCP(C), FACP, and Donald C. Vinh, MD, FRCP(C), Dip(ABIM) Toxic Shock Syndrome Marty S. Teltscher, MD, CM, and Andre Dascal, MD, FRCPC Influenza Michael B. Rothberg, MD, MPH Leishmaniasis Karim Aoun, MD, and Aida Bouratbine, MD Leprosy Bhushan Kumar, MD, MNAMS, and Sunil Dogra, MD, DNB, MNAMS Malaria Paul M. Arguin, MD, and S. Patrick Kachur, MD Bacterial Meningitis Gary D. Overturf, MD Infectious Mononucleosis Leonard R. Krilov, MD Chronic Fatigue Syndrome James F. Jones, MD Mumps Joel D. Klein, MD, FAAP Plague Douglas A. Drevets, MD, DTM&H Anthrax Jon B. Woods, MD Psittacosis Julian Elliott, MB, BS, FRACP Q Fever Didier Raoult, PhD Rabies Alan C. Jackson, MD, FRCPC Rat-Bite Fever Jean Dudler, MD Relapsing Fever Diego Cadavid, MD Lyme Disease Arthur Weinstein, MD, FACP, FACR, and Shobha Wani, MD Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome Susan E. Reef, MD Measles (Rubeola) Claude P. Muller, MD, and Jacques Kremer, PhD Tetanus Sam S. Hsu, MD Pertussis Michael E. Pichichero, MD Office-Based Immunization Practices Robert M. Jacobson, MD Travel Medicine Cynthia B. Snider, MD, MPH, and William A. Petri, MD, PhD Toxoplasmosis Thomas T. Ward, MD Cat-Scratch Disease Michael J. Smith, MD Salmonellosis Arvid E. Underman, MD, FACP, DTMH Typhoid Fever Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, MB, BS, PhD Rickettsial and Ehrlichial Infections Deverick J. Anderson, MD, and Daniel J. Sexton, MD Smallpox Isao Arita, MD SECTION 3 Diseases of the Head and Neck Vision Correction Procedures Neil J. Friedman, MD Conjunctivitis Arti Sinha, MB, BS, and Ramesh Ayyala, MD Optic Neuritis Andrew G. Lee, MD, and Steven L. Galetta, MD Glaucoma Misha F. Syed, MD, and Nicholas P. Bell, MD Otitis Externa Jeffrey T. Vrabec, MD Otitis Media J. Scott McMurray, MD Episodic Vertigo Joseph M. Furman, MD, PhD Meniere's Disease Ted A. Meyer, MD, PhD, and Paul R. Lambert, MD Sinusitis Richard R. Orlandi, MD Nonallergic Perennial Rhinitis Claus Bachert, MD, PhD, and Nicholas Van Bruaene, MD Hoarseness and Laryngitis Michael Johns, MD, and Rupali Shah, MD Streptococcal Pharyngitis The Respiratory System Acute Respiratory Failure William Henderson, MD, and Sean Keenan, MD Atelectasis Craig Michael Schramm, MD Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Juan Armando Garcia, MD, and Stephen G. Jenkinson, MD Cystic Fibrosis Deborah K. Froh, MD Sleep Apnea Leon Rosenthal, MD Primary Lung Cancer Christopher S. George, MD, and Teresa M. George, MD Coccidioidomycosis Duane R. Hospenthal, MD, PhD Histoplasmosis Linus H. Santo Tomas, MD, MS, and Ralph M. Schapira, MD Blastomycosis Robert Bradsher, MD, and Anupama Menon, MD, MPH Pleural Effusion and Empyema Thoracis Stephen D. Cassivi, MD, MSc, FRCSC, FACS, and Stephen H. McKellar, MD Primary Lung Abscess Scott Swanson, MD, and Virginia Litle, MD Acute Bronchitis Susan Davids, MD, MPH, and Ralph M. Schapira, MD Bacterial Pneumonia Umur Hatipoglu, MD, and Israel Rubinstein, MD Viral Respiratory Infections Robert C. Welliver, Sr., MD Viral and Mycoplasmal Pneumonias Burke A. Cunha, MD Legionellosis Julio A. Ramirez, MD Pulmonary Embolism Victor J. Test, MD, FCCP Sarcoidosis Surendra K. Sharma, MD, PhD, and Alladi Mohan, MD Silicosis and Asbestosis Vinicius C. S. Antao, MD, MSc, PhD, and John E. Parker, MD Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Michael C. Zacharisen, MD Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases John Brusch, MD SECTION 4 Surendra K. Sharma, MD, PhD, and Alladi Mohan, MD SECTION 5 The Cardiovascular System Acquired Diseases of the Aorta John Byrne, MCh, and R. Clement Darling III, MD Angina Pectoris John F. Moran, MD Cardiac Arrest: Sudden Cardiac Death Robert W. Rho, MD Atrial Fibrillation Ruth Falik, MD Premature Beats Prakash C. Deedwania, MD, and Enrique V. Carbajal, MD Heart Block Albert A. Del Negro, MD Tachycardias Chirag Sandesara, MD, and Brian Olshansky, MD Congenital Heart Disease Robb L. Romp, MD, and Yung R. Lau, MD Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Ali J. Marian, MD Mitral Valve Prolapse: The Floppy Mitral Valve, Mitral Valve Prolapse, and Mitral Valvular Regurgitation Charles F. Wooley, MD, and Harisios Boudoulas, MD, PhD Heart Failure Marc A. Silver, MD Infective Endocarditis Navin M. Amin, MD Hypertension L. Michael Prisant, MD Acute Myocardial Infarction Kevin A. Bybee, MD, and Stephen L. Kopecky, MD Pericarditis Brian D. Hoit, MD Peripheral Arterial Disease Jason T. Lee, MD, Maisie M. Fung, MD, and E. John Harris, Jr., MD Venous Thrombosis Paul L. F. Giangrande, MD SECTION 6 The Blood and Spleen Aplastic Anemia Abdo Haddad, MD, and Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski, MD, PhD Iron Deficiency James C. Barton, MD Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Charles J. Parker, MD Nonimmune Hemolytic Anemia Stella T. Chou, MD, and Mitchell J. Weiss, MD, PhD Pernicious Anemia and Other Megaloblastic Anemias Eugene P. Frenkel, MD Thalassemia Susan P. Perrine, MD, and Serguei A. Castaneda, MD Sickle Cell Disease Mark Layton, MD, and Antonio Almeida, MD Neutropenia Melvin H. Freedman, MD Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn James W. Kendig, MD Hemophilia and Related Disorders Wing-Yen Wong, MD Platelet-Mediated Bleeding Disorders Suman Sood, MD, and Charles S. Abrams, MD Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Marcel Levi, MD Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura James N. George, MD Hemochromatosis Lawrie W. Powell, MD, PhD Hodgkin's Disease: Chemotherapy David J. Straus, MD Hodgkin's Disease: Radiation Therapy Pelayo C. Besa, MD Acute Leukemias in Adults Jonathan E. Kolitz, MD Acute Leukemia in Children Maureen M. O'Brien, MD, and Norman J. Lacayo, MD Chronic Leukemias Helen Enright, MD, and Jonathan Bond, MB, MRCPI Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Lawrence Rice, MD, and Uday Popat, MD Multiple Myeloma Rodger E. Tiedemann, MB, ChB, PhD, and A. Keith Stewart, MB, ChB Polycythemia Vera Michael Kroll, MD, and Jennifer Wright, MD Porphyria Herbert L. Bonkovsky, MD, and Manish Thapar, MD Therapeutic Use of Blood Components Peter A. Millward, MD, and Mark E. Brecher, MD Adverse Effects of Blood Transfusion Chelsea A. Sheppard, MD, and Christopher D. Hillyer, MD SECTION 7 The Digestive System Cholelithiasis and Cholecystitis Grant R. Caddy, MD Cirrhosis Richard K. Sterling, MD, Wissam E. Mattar, MD, and Paul Y. Kwo, MD Bleeding Esophageal Varices Gary C. Chen, MD, and Rome Jutabha, MD Dysphagia and Esophageal Obstruction Philip O. Katz, MD, and Girish Anand, MD Diverticula of the Alimentary Tract Harris R. Clearfield, MD Inflammatory Bowel Disease Mark A. Peppercorn, MD, and Alan C. Moss, MD Irritable Bowel Syndrome Michael P. Jones, MD Hemorrhoids, Anal Fissure, and Anorectal Abscess and Fistula Neil H. Hyman, MD Gastritis and Peptic Ulcer Disease Sripathi R. Kethu, MD, and Steven F. Moss, MD Acute and Chronic Hepatitis Mamta K. Jain, MD, MPH, and Daniel M. Brailita, MD Malabsorption Lawrence R. Schiller, MD Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis Carmen C. Solorzano, MD, and Richard A. Prinz, MD Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Sachin Wani, MD, and Prateek Sharma, MD Tumors of the Stomach Scott A. Hundahl, MD Tumors of the Rectum and Colon Dana M. Hayden, MD, MPH, and Marc Brand, MD Intestinal Parasites Douglas W. MacPherson, MD, MSc (CTM) SECTION 8 Metabolic Disorders Diabetes Mellitus in Adults Anthony L. McCall, MD, PhD, and J. Terry Saunders, PhD Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents Lori M. B. Laffel, MD, MPH, and Jamie R. S. Wood, MD Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome Robert A. Kreisberg, MD, and Elizabeth D. Ennis, MD Hyponatremia Gregory Proctor, MD, and Moshe Levi, MD Hyperuricemia and Gout Brian F. Mandell, MD, PhD Dyslipoproteinemias Peter P. Toth, MD, PhD Obesity Christopher D. Still, DO, and Gordon L. Jensen, MD, PhD Osteoporosis Bart L. Clarke, MD, and Sundeep Khosla, MD Paget's Disease of Bone Paul D. Miller, MD Parenteral Nutrition in Adults Jeffrey Jim, MD, MS, and Darryl T. Hiyama, MD Parenteral Fluid Therapy for Infants and Children Jeremy N. Friedman, MB, ChB, and Carolyn E. Beck, MD, MSc SECTION 9 The Endocrine System Acromegaly Mary Lee Vance, MD Adrenocortical Insufficiency Carl D. Malchoff, MD, PhD Cushing's Syndrome Kathryn G. Schuff, MD Diabetes Insipidus Jennifer Kelly, DO, and Arnold M. Moses, MD Primary Hyperparathyroidism and Hypoparathyroidism John P. Bilezikian, MD Primary Aldosteronism William F. Young, Jr., MD, MSc Hypopituitarism Mary Lee Vance, MD Hyperprolactinemia Joumana T. Chaiban, MD, and Baha M. Arafah, MD Hypothyroidism John T. Nicoloff, MD, and Jonathan S. LoPresti, MD, PhD Hyperthyroidism Peter A. Singer, MD Thyroid Cancer Marlon A. Guerrero, MD, and Nancy D. Perrier, MD Pheochromocytomas Pierre-Francois Plouin, MD Thyroiditis Katherine Hughes, MB, ChB, and Mark W. J. Strachan, MD SECTION 10 The Urogenital Tract Bacterial In fections of the Urinary Tract in Males Brian A. VanderBrink, MD, and Robert M. Moldwin, MD Urinary Tract Infections in Women Burke A. Cunha, MD Bacterial In fections of the Urinary Tract in Girls Candice E. Johnson, MD, PhD Childhood Enuresis Frank R. Cerniglia, Jr., MD Urinary Incontinence E. Ann Gormley, MD Epididymitis John N. Krieger, MD Primary Glomerular Diseases Manuel Praga, MD, and Enrique Morales, MD Pyelonephritis Patricia D. Brown, MD Trauma to the Genitourinary Tract Noel A. Armenakas, MD, and J. James Bruno II, MD Prostatitis Andrea Gallina, MD, and Pierre I. Karakiewicz, MD Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Gopal H. Badlani, MD, and Matthew E. Karlovsky, MD Erectile Dysfunction Luciano Kolodny, MD Acute Renal Failure Steven D. Weisbord, MD, MSc, and Paul M. Palevsky, MD Chronic Renal Failure Jeffrey A. Kraut, MD Malignant Tumors of the Urogenital Tract Michael S. Cookson, MD, and Sam S. Chang, MD Management of Urethral Stricture Disease Andrew C. Peterson, MD Renal Calculi Sujeet S. Acharya, MD, and Glenn S. Gerber, MD SECTION 11 The Sexually Transmitted Diseases Chancroid Stanley M. Spinola, MD Gonorrhea David M. Bamberger, MD Nongonococcal Urethritis John N. Krieger, MD Syphilis Mrunal Shah, MD Contraceptive Methods Lama L. Tolaymat, MD, MPH, and Andrew M. Kaunitz, MD SECTION 12 Diseases of Allergy Anaphylaxis and Serum Sickness Stephen F. Kemp, MD Asthma in Adolescents and Adults Michael Schatz, MD, MS Asthma in Children Gerald B. Kolski, MD, PhD, FAAAAI, FAAP Allergic Rhinitis Caused by Inhalant Factors Richard W. Weber, MD Allergic Reactions to Drugs Donald McNeil, MD Allergic Reactions to Insect Stings David B. K. Golden, MD SECTION 13 Diseases of the Skin Acne Vulgaris and Rosacea Steven R. Feldman, MD, PhD, and Alan B. Fleischer, Jr., MD Diseases of the Hair Kimberly May Eickhorst, MD, and Eyal Levit, MD Cancers of the Skin Aleda A. Jacobs, MD, and Ida F. Orengo, MD Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma Marie-France Demierre, MD Papulosquamous Disorders Chai Sue Lee, MD, and John Koo, MD Connective Tissue Disorders John Varga, MD, Susan Manzi, MD, MPH, and Gabriella Lakos, MD, PhD Cutaneous Vasculitis Manisha J. Patel, MD, and Joseph L. Jorizzo, MD Diseases of the Nails Bianca Maria Piraccini, MD, PhD, and Matilde Iorizzo, MD Keloids Tina S. Alster, MD, and Mahsa Tehrani, MA Warts (Verrucae) Tamara Salam Housman, MD, and Phillip M. Williford, MD Condyloma Acuminatum (Genital Warts) Karl R. Beutner, MD, PhD, and Alice N. Do, DO Nevi Raymond L. Barnhill, MD, Seth I. Felder, BA, and Brandon D. Einstein, BA Melanoma Frank G. Haluska, MD, PhD Premalignant Lesions Donald Clemons, MD Bacterial Diseases of the Skin Ronald Lee Nichols, MD Viral Diseases of the Skin Jacqueline M. Losi-Sasaki, MD, and Angela Yen Moore, MD Parasitic Diseases of the Skin Andreas Katsambas, MD, PhD, and Electra Nicolaidou, MD, PhD Fungal Diseases of the Skin Rebecca Lewis Kelso, MD, and Sharon S. Raimer, MD Diseases of the Mouth Carl M. Allen, DDS, MSD Venous Stasis Ulcers Tania J. Phillips, MD, and Chukwuemeka N. Etufugh, MD Pressure Ulcers David R. Thomas, MD Atopic Dermatitis Sarah L. Chamlin, MD Erythema Multiforme, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Marcia G. Tonnesen, MD Bullous Diseases Sarah E. Dick, MD, and Victoria Werth, MD Contact Dermatitis Peter C. Schalock, MD, and Kathryn A. Zug, MD Pruritus Ani and Vulvae Libby Edwards, MD Urticaria and Angioedema Eugene W. Monroe, MD Pigmentary Disorders Jacek C. Szepietowski, MD, PhD, and Adam Reich, MD, PhD Sunburn Alzheimer's Disease Monica Peterson Gordon, MD, and L. Jaime Fitten, MD Sleep Disorders David N. Neubauer, MD Intracerebral Hemorrhage J. Claude Hemphill III, MD, MAS Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease Elzbieta Wirkowski, MD Rehabilitation of the Stroke Patient Karl J. Sandin, MD Seizures and Epilepsy in Adolescents and Adults Erik K. St. Louis, MD, and Mark A. Granner, MD Epilepsy in Infancy and Childhood Raj D. Sheth, MD Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Timothy Wilens, MD, Thomas Spencer, MD, and Joseph Biederman, MD Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome Cathy L. Budman, MD Headache R. Michael Gallagher, DO Viral Meningitis and Encephalitis Mark J. Abzug, MD Multiple Sclerosis Randall T. Schapiro, MD Myasthenia Gravis and Related Disorders Jenice Robinson, MD, and Milind J. Kothari, DO Trigeminal Neuralgia Ronald F. Young, MD Bell's Palsy (Idiopathic Acute Peripheral Facial Paralysis) W. Cooper Scurry, Jr., MD, Jon E. Isaacson, MD, and Fred G. Fedok, MD, FACS Parkinsonism Julie Leegwater-Kim, MD, PhD, and Cheryl Waters, MD Peripheral Neuropathies Kerrie Schoffer, MD, FRCPC Management of Head Injuries Todd W. Vitaz, MD Traumatic Brain Injury in Children Stephen R. Deputy, MD Brain Tumors Henry W. Lim, MD, and Camile Hexsel, MD SECTION 14 The Nervous System Ashwatha Narayana, MD, and Eve S. Ferdman, BA SECTION 15 The Locomotor System Rheumatoid Arthritis Eric L. Matteson, MD, MPH Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Terry L. Moore, MD Ankylosing Spondylitis Finbar D. O'Shea, MB, MRCPI, and Robert D. Inman, MD Temporomandibular Disorders Charles S. Greene, DDS Bursitis, Tendinitis, Myofascial Pain, and Fibromyalgia Andrew L. Wong, MD, and Emil R. Heinze, MD Osteoarthritis George E. Ehrlich, MD Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant-Cell Arteritis Gideon Nesher, MD Osteomyelitis Luca Lazzarini, MD Common Sports Injuries Suraj Achar, MD, and Alexander Espinoza, MD SECTION 16 Obstetrics and Gynecology Antepartum Care Kirk D. Ramin, MD, and Jessica P. Swartout, MD Ectopic Pregnancy Gary H. Lipscomb, MD Vaginal Bleeding in Late Pregnancy Jami Star Zeltzer, MD Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy David G. Weismiller, MD Postpartum Care Lisa R. Nash, DO Resuscitation of the Newborn Derek S. Wheeler, MD, and Martin J. McCaffrey, MD Care of the High-Risk Neonate Dilcia McLenan, MD Normal Infant Feeding Meg Begany, RD, CSP, LDN, and Maria Mascarenhas, MBBS Diseases of the Breast Paniti Sukumvanich, MD, and Patrick Borgen, MD Endometriosis David L. Olive, MD Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding Beth W. Rackow, MD, and Aydin Arici, MD Infertility Steven R. Williams, MD Amenorrhea Vickie Martin, MD, and Robert L. Reid, MD Dysmenorrhea Laeth S. Nasir, MBBS Premenstrual Syndrome Ellen W. Freeman, PhD Menopause Irina Burd, MD, PhD, Stacey A. Scheib, MD, and Krystene I. Boyle, MD Vulvovaginitis David A. Baker, MD Chlamydia trachomatis Catherine Stevens-Simon, MD Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Adrianne Williams Bagley, MD, and Maria Trent, MD, MPH Uterine Leiomyomas Tod C. Aeby, MD, and Stella Dantas, MD Cancer of the Endometrium D. Scott McMeekin, MD, and Tashanna K.N. Myers, MD Cancer of the Uterine Cervix Nader Husseinzadeh, MD Neoplasms of the Vulva Susan A. Davidson, MD Ovarian Cancer Amanda Nickles Fader, MD, and Jerome Belinson, MD SECTION 17 Psychiatric Disorders Alcoholism Richard N. Rosenthal, MD Drug Abuse Joyce A. Tinsley, MD Anxiety Disorders Jacqueline Carinhas McGregor, MD Bulimia Nervosa David B. Herzog, MD, and Kamryn T. Eddy, PhD Delirium Soenke Boettger, MD Mood Disorders Melanie W. Conway, MD, and Merry N. Miller, MD Schizophrenia Andriana Foster, MD, and Peter Buckley, MD Panic Disorder Alexander Bystritsky, MD, PhD, and Kira Williams, MD SECTION 18 Physical and Chemical Injuries Burn Treatment Guidelines Barbara A. Latenser, MD High-Altitude Illness James A. Litch, MD, DTMH Disturbances Due to Cold Frederick K. Korley, MD, and Jerrold B. Leikin, MD Disturbances Caused by Heat John F. Coyle II, MD Spider Bites and Scorpion Stings Rachel Haroz, MD, and James R. Roberts, MD Snakebite Craig S. Kitchens, MD Marine Trauma, Envenomations, and Intoxications John E. Gough, MD, FACEP Medical Toxicology: Ingestions, Inhalations, and Dermal and Ocular Absorptions Howard C. Mofenson, MD, Thomas R. Caraccio, PharmD, Michael McGuigan, MD, and Joseph Greensher, MD SECTION 19 Appendices and Index Reference Intervals for the Interpretation of Laboratory Tests Laura J. McCloskey, PhD Toxic Chemical Agents Reference Chart: Symptoms and Treatment James J. James, MD, DrPH, MHA, and James M. Lyznicki, MS, MPH Biologic Agents Reference Chart- Symptoms, Tests, and Treatment James J. James, MD, DrPH, MHA, and James M. Lyznicki, MS, MPH Popular Herbs and Nutritional Supplements Miriam M. Chan, RPh, PharmD New Drugs Miriam M. Chan, RPh, PharmD Index