The Self and Its Brain

I by Karl R. Popper.- P1 Materialism Transcends Itself.- 1. Kant's Argument.- 2. Men and Machines.- 3. Materialism Transcends Itself.- 4. Remarks on the Term "Real".- 5. Materialism, Biology, and Mind.- 6. Organic Evolution.- 7. Nothing New Under the Sun. Reductionism and "Downward Causation".- 8. Emergence and its Critics.- 9. Indeterminism; the Interaction of Levels of Emergence.- P2 The Worlds 1, 2 and 3.- 10. Interaction; The Worlds 1, 2 and 3.- 11. The Reality of World 3.- 12. Unembodied World 3 Objects.- 13. Grasping a World 3 Object.- 14. The Reality of Unembodied World 3 Objects.- 15. World 3 and the Mind-Body Problem.- P3 Materialism Criticized.- 16. Four Materialist or Physicalist Positions.- 17. Materialism and the Autonomous World 3.- 18. Radical Materialism or Radical Behaviourism.- 19. Panpsychism.- 20. Epiphenomenalism.- 21. A Revised Form of J. B. S. Haldane's Refutation of Materialism.- 22. The So-called Identity Theory.- 23. Does the Identity Theory Escape the Fate of Epiphenomenalism?.- 24. A Critical Note on Parallelism. The Identity Theory as a Form of Parallelism.- 25. Additional Remarks on Some Recent Materialist Theories.- 26. The New Promissory Materialism.- 27. Results and Conclusion.- P4 Some Remarks on the Self.- 28. Introduction.- 29. Selves.- 30. The Ghost in the Machine.- 31. Learning to be a Self.- 32. Individuation.- 33. Self-Identity: The Self and Its Brain.- 34. The Biological Approach to Human Knowledge and Intelligence.- 35. Consciousness and Perception.- 36. The Biological Function of Conscious and Intelligent Activity.- 37. The Integrative Function of Consciousness.- 38. The Continuity of the Self.- 39. Learning from Experience: The Natural Selection of Theories.- 40. Criticism of the Theory of Unconditioned and Conditioned Reflexes.- 41. Kinds of Memory.- 42. The Self Anchored in World 3.- P5 Historical Comments on the Mind-Body Problem.- 43. The History of Our Picture of the Universe.- 44. A Problem to be Solved by What Follows.- 45. The Prehistoric Discovery of the Self and of World 2.- 46. The Mind-Body Problem in Greek Philosophy.- 47. Conjectural versus Ultimate Explanation.- 48. Descartes: A Shift in the Mind-Body Problem.- 49. From Interactionism to Parallelism: The Occasionalists and Spinoza.- 50. Leibniz's Theory of Mind and Matter: From Parallelism to Identity.- 51. Newton, Boscovich, Maxwell: The End of Ultimate Explanation.- 52. The Association of Ideas as an Ultimate Explanation.- 53. Neutral Monism.- 54. The Identity Theory After Leibniz: From Kant to Feigl.- 55. Linguistic Parallelism.- 56. A Final Look at Materialism.- P6 Summary.- Bibliography to Part I.- II by John C. Eccles.- E1 The Cerebral Cortex.- 1. Résumé.- 2. Anatomical Introduction.- 3. The Columnar Arrangement and the Modular Concept of the Cerebral Cortex.- 4. Modular Interaction.- 4.1 Patterns of Module Action and Interaction.- 5. The Connectivities of Cortical Areas.- 6. Connectivities of the Limbic System.- E2 Conscious Perception.- 7. Résumé.- 8. Introduction.- 9. Cutaneous Perception (Somaethesis).- 9.1 Pathways to Primary Sensory Area in Cortex.- 9.2 Temporal Analysis of Cutaneous Perception.- 9.3 Secondary and Tertiary Sensory Areas.- 10. Visual Perception.- 10.1 Retina to Primary Visual Area in Cortex.- 10.2 Stages in Reconstitution of the Visual Image.- 10.3 The Perceived Visual Image.- 11. Auditory Perception.- 12. Olfactory Perception.- 13. Emotional Colouring of Conscious Perceptions.- 14. Epilogue.- E3 Voluntary Movement.- 15. Résumé.- 16. Introduction.- 17. The Motor Unit.- 18. The Motor Cortex.- 19. Voluntary Movement.- 20. The Cerebellar Controls of Voluntary Movement.- 20.1 The Closed Loop via the Pars Intermedia of the Cerebellum.- 20.2 The Open-Loop System via the Cerebellar Hemispheres.- 21. The Open-Loop Circuits via the Basal Ganglia.- 22. Synthesis of the Various Neuronal Mechanisms Concerned in the Control of Voluntary Movement.- 23. General Discussion.- E4 The Language Centres of the Human Brain.- 24. Résumé.- 25. Introduction.- 26. Aphasia.- 27. Experiments on Exposed Brains.- 28. Intracarotid Injections of Sodium Amytal.- 29. The Dichotic Listening Test.- 30. The Self-Conscious Mind and Speech.- 31. Anatomical Substrates of Speech Mechanisms.- 32. The Acquisition of Language.- E5 Global Lesions of the Human Cerebrum.- 33. Résumé.- 34. Introduction.- 35. Investigations on the Human Brain After Commissural Section-Commissurotomy.- 36. Discussion on Commissurotomy.- 37. Investigations on the Human Cerebrum after Gross Lesions and Hemispherectomy.- 38. Discussion on Hemispherectomy.- 39. Summary of Linguistic Abilities Disclosed by Global Lesions.- E6 Circumscribed Cerebral Lesions.- 40. Résumé.- 41. Introduction.- 42. Temporal Lobe Lesions.- 43. Parietal Lobe Lesions.- 44. Occipital Lobe Lesions.- 45. Frontal Lobe Lesions.- 46. The Limbic System.- 47. The Dominant and Minor Hemispheres.- E7 The Self-Conscious Mind and the Brain.- 48. Résumé.- 49. Introduction.- 50. Self-Conscious Mind and the Brain.- 51. Hypothesis of Interaction of Self-Conscious Mind and the Liaison Brain.- 52. The Hypothesis of Cortical Modules and the Self-Conscious Mind.- 53. Sleep, Dreams and Various Forms of Unconsciousness.- 54. Plasticity of "Open" Modules.- 55. Summary.- E8 Conscious Memory: The Cerebral Processes Concerned in Storage and Retrieval.- 56. Résumé.- 57. Introduction.- 58. Structural and Functional Changes Possibly Related to Memory.- 59. The So-called Growth Theory of Learning.- 60. The Role of the Self-Conscious Mind in Short-Term Memory.- 61. The Role of the Hippocampus in Learning and Memory.- 62. Hypothesis of Neuronal Happenings in Memory Storage.- 63. Memory Retrieval.- 64. Durations of Memories.- 65. Plastic Responses of Cerebral Cortex.- 66. Retrograde Amnesia.- Bibliography to Part II.- III Dialogues Between the Two Authors.- Dialogue I.- Dialogue II.- Dialogue III.- Dialogue IV.- Dialogue V.- Dialogue VI.- Dialogue VII.- Dialogue VIII.- Dialogue IX.- Dialogue X.- Dialogue XI.- Dialogue XII.- Bibliography to Part III.- Index of Names.- Index of Subjects.