Injury Biomechanics and Control
Optimal Protection from Impact
1st Edition
Published on 8. December 2009
Book
Hardback
304 pages
978-0-470-10015-8 (ISBN)
Description
With this book as their guide, readers will discover how to design better protective equipment and devices such as helmets, seat belts, and wheelchairs in order to minimize the risk or the extent of injury to people subjected to impact loads. It is based on the theory of optimal shock isolation, first developed in the 1950s to protect missile systems from intensive shock loads. Using examples from automotive, aviation, and military areas, the authors demonstrate how optimal shock isolation theory enables designers to improve the performance of protective equipment by incorporating control and optimization methods developed for shock isolation systems.
The first part of Injury Biomechanics and Control lays down the engineering foundation, setting forth core principles and techniques, including:
Fundamentals of impact and shock isolation systems
Basic optimal shock isolation for single-degree-of-freedom systems
Optimal shock isolation for multi-degree-of-freedom systems
The second part applies the principles set forth in the first part to solve real-world problems, using simple mathematical models that simulate the mechanical response of human bodies to impact loads in order to optimize shock isolation systems. This book enables scientists, engineers, and students in mechanical, biomechanical, and biomedical engineering to fully realize the potential of shock isolation methods for the development of protective equipment and devices.
The first part of Injury Biomechanics and Control lays down the engineering foundation, setting forth core principles and techniques, including:
Fundamentals of impact and shock isolation systems
Basic optimal shock isolation for single-degree-of-freedom systems
Optimal shock isolation for multi-degree-of-freedom systems
The second part applies the principles set forth in the first part to solve real-world problems, using simple mathematical models that simulate the mechanical response of human bodies to impact loads in order to optimize shock isolation systems. This book enables scientists, engineers, and students in mechanical, biomechanical, and biomedical engineering to fully realize the potential of shock isolation methods for the development of protective equipment and devices.
More details
Language
English
Place of publication
New York
United States
Target group
Professional and scholarly
Product notice
Unsewn / adhesive bound
Paper over boards
Illustrations
Drawings: 74 B&W, 0 Color; Tables: 2 B&W, 0 Color
Dimensions
Height: 245 mm
Width: 162 mm
Thickness: 29 mm
Weight
629 gr
ISBN-13
978-0-470-10015-8 (9780470100158)
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Classification
Persons
The late Walter D. Pilkey, PhD, was the Morse Professor of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, with courtesy positions in Plastic Surgery and Neurosurgery at the University of Virginia. He received his BA, MS, and PhD from Washington State University, Purdue University, and Penn State University, respectively. Dmitry V. Balandin, Dsc (Physics And Mathematics), is the Chair of Numerical and Functional Analysis at Nizhny Novgorod State University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. His areas of expertise include shock isolation, automatic control, and theoretical mechanics. He received his MS, PhD, and DSc, from Nizhny Novgorod State University, Institute for Problems in Mechanics of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and Moscow State University, respectively.
Nikolai N. Bolotnik, Dsc (Physics And Mathematics), is the head of the Laboratory of Robotics and Mechatronics at the Institute for Problems in Mechanics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. His areas of expertise include optimal control, shock isolation, and robotics. He received his MS, PhD, and DSc degrees from Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institute for Problems in Mechanics of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and Moscow State University, respectively.
Jeff R. Crandall, PhD, received his BA degree from Dartmouth College and his PhD from the University of Virginia, where he is currently a professor in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Director of the Center for Applied Biomechanics. His research involves characterizing human response and injury during dynamic loading.
Sergey V. Purtsezov, PhD, received his MS and PhD degrees from the Nizhny Novgorod State University, Russia, and is presently a research scientist at the Center for Applied Biomechanics of the University of Virginia. His research interests include shock isolation, measurement, and modeling in biomechanics.
Nikolai N. Bolotnik, Dsc (Physics And Mathematics), is the head of the Laboratory of Robotics and Mechatronics at the Institute for Problems in Mechanics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. His areas of expertise include optimal control, shock isolation, and robotics. He received his MS, PhD, and DSc degrees from Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institute for Problems in Mechanics of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and Moscow State University, respectively.
Jeff R. Crandall, PhD, received his BA degree from Dartmouth College and his PhD from the University of Virginia, where he is currently a professor in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Director of the Center for Applied Biomechanics. His research involves characterizing human response and injury during dynamic loading.
Sergey V. Purtsezov, PhD, received his MS and PhD degrees from the Nizhny Novgorod State University, Russia, and is presently a research scientist at the Center for Applied Biomechanics of the University of Virginia. His research interests include shock isolation, measurement, and modeling in biomechanics.
Content
PREFACE. BASIC TERMINOLOGY.
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION.
1.1 The Structure of the Book.
1.2 Related Studies.
References.
CHAPTER 2 FUNDAMENTALS OF IMPACT AND SHOCK ISOLATION.
2.1 Shock Loading: Basic Models and Characteristics.
2.2 Shock Isolation.
2.3 The Isolator as a Control Medium: Active and Passive Isolators.
2.4 Does Isolation of an Object from the Base Always Lead to a Reduction in the Shock Load Transmitted to the Object?.
References.
CHAPTER 3 BASIC OPTIMAL SHOCK ISOLATION: SINGLE DEGREE OF FREEDOM SYSTEMS.
3.1 Basic Problems.
3.2 Limiting Performance Analysis: Basic Concept and Analytical Results.
3.3 Limiting Performance Analysis: Computational Approach.
3.4 Parametric Optimization.
3.5 Pre-Acting Control for Shock Isolators.
3.6 Best and Worst Disturbance Analyses.
References.
CHAPTER 4 OPTIMAL SHOCK ISOLATION FOR MULTI-DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM SYSTEMS.
4.1 Optimal Shock Isolation for a Two-Component Viscoelastic Object.
4.2 Optimal Shock Isolation for Three-Component Structures.
References.
CHAPTER 5 SPINAL INJURY CONTROL.
5.1 Description of the Model.
5.2 Minimization of the Occupant's Displacement subject to a Constraint Imposed on the Spinal Compressive Force.
5.3 Spinal Injury Control System with two Shock Isolators.
5.4 MADYMO Simulation for the Limiting Performance Analysis.
References.
CHAPTER 6 THORACIC INJURY CONTROL.
6.1 Smart Restraint Systems.
6.2 Basic Concept of Restraint Force Control.
6.3 Limiting Performance Analysis for the Prevention of Thoracic Injuries in a Frontal Car Crash.
6.4 Feedback Control of the Elastic Restraint Force on the Basis of the Two-Mass Thorax Injury Model.
6.5 Conclusions.
References.
CHAPTER 7 HEAD INJURY CONTROL.
7.1 Head Injury Criterion: Historical Perspectives.
7.2 Minimization of the Deceleration Distance for Constrained HIC.
7.3 Minimization of the HIC for Constrained Deceleration Distance.
7.4 Alternative Control Laws.
References.
CHAPTER 8 INJURY CONTROL FOR WHEELCHAIR OCCUPANTS.
8.1 Introduction.
8.2 Optimal Shock Isolation of Single-Degree-of-Freedom System.
8.3 Simulation Using MADYMO.
8.4 Discussion.
References.
Index.
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION.
1.1 The Structure of the Book.
1.2 Related Studies.
References.
CHAPTER 2 FUNDAMENTALS OF IMPACT AND SHOCK ISOLATION.
2.1 Shock Loading: Basic Models and Characteristics.
2.2 Shock Isolation.
2.3 The Isolator as a Control Medium: Active and Passive Isolators.
2.4 Does Isolation of an Object from the Base Always Lead to a Reduction in the Shock Load Transmitted to the Object?.
References.
CHAPTER 3 BASIC OPTIMAL SHOCK ISOLATION: SINGLE DEGREE OF FREEDOM SYSTEMS.
3.1 Basic Problems.
3.2 Limiting Performance Analysis: Basic Concept and Analytical Results.
3.3 Limiting Performance Analysis: Computational Approach.
3.4 Parametric Optimization.
3.5 Pre-Acting Control for Shock Isolators.
3.6 Best and Worst Disturbance Analyses.
References.
CHAPTER 4 OPTIMAL SHOCK ISOLATION FOR MULTI-DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM SYSTEMS.
4.1 Optimal Shock Isolation for a Two-Component Viscoelastic Object.
4.2 Optimal Shock Isolation for Three-Component Structures.
References.
CHAPTER 5 SPINAL INJURY CONTROL.
5.1 Description of the Model.
5.2 Minimization of the Occupant's Displacement subject to a Constraint Imposed on the Spinal Compressive Force.
5.3 Spinal Injury Control System with two Shock Isolators.
5.4 MADYMO Simulation for the Limiting Performance Analysis.
References.
CHAPTER 6 THORACIC INJURY CONTROL.
6.1 Smart Restraint Systems.
6.2 Basic Concept of Restraint Force Control.
6.3 Limiting Performance Analysis for the Prevention of Thoracic Injuries in a Frontal Car Crash.
6.4 Feedback Control of the Elastic Restraint Force on the Basis of the Two-Mass Thorax Injury Model.
6.5 Conclusions.
References.
CHAPTER 7 HEAD INJURY CONTROL.
7.1 Head Injury Criterion: Historical Perspectives.
7.2 Minimization of the Deceleration Distance for Constrained HIC.
7.3 Minimization of the HIC for Constrained Deceleration Distance.
7.4 Alternative Control Laws.
References.
CHAPTER 8 INJURY CONTROL FOR WHEELCHAIR OCCUPANTS.
8.1 Introduction.
8.2 Optimal Shock Isolation of Single-Degree-of-Freedom System.
8.3 Simulation Using MADYMO.
8.4 Discussion.
References.
Index.