Contemporary Bioethics

Chapters 2-8 open with an Introduction and include References and Further Reading, an Article List, and Discussion Questions for the Readings. Preface: Welcome to Contemporary Bioethics Chapter 1. Bioethics: An Introduction to the Discipline What Is Bioethics? Bioethics: Theory and Method Religion and Bioethics Bioethics Comes of Age: An Expanding Moral Framework and Vocabulary References and Further Reading Chapter 2. Doctors and Patients The Profession of Medicine "I Swear by Apollo": On Taking the Hippocratic Oath," Howard Markel "Hippocratic Oath, Modern Version," Louis Lasagna "Principles of Medical Ethics," American Medical Association "Medical Professionalism in Society," Matthew K. Wynia, Stephen R. Latham, Audiey C. Kao, Jessica W. Berg, and Linda L. Emanuel The Obligations of Doctors to Their Patients "Fundamental Elements of the Patient-Physician Relationship," American Medical Association "Respect for Autonomy," Tom L. Beauchamp and James F. Childress "The Meaning and Justification of Informed Consent," Tom L. Beauchamp and James F. Childress "A Framework of Standards for Surrogate Decision Making," Tom L. Beauchamp and James F. Childress "Truth Telling in Medicine: The Confucian View," Ruiping Fan and Benfu Li "Patient Confidentiality," American Medical Association "A Defense of Unqualified Medical Confidentiality," Kenneth Kipnis Responsibilities of Patients "Patient Responsibilities," American Medical Association "The Patient's Work," Leonard C. Groopman, Franklin G. Miller, and Joseph J. Fins "Limits on Patient Responsibility," Maureen Kelley Doctors and Society "Cosmetic Surgery and the Internal Morality of Medicine," Franklin G. Miller, Howard Brody, and Kevin C. Chung "When Doctors Go to War," M. Gregg Bloche and Jonathan H. Marks Cases The White Coat Can a Killer Be a Doctor? Vaccine Skeptics Refuse to Inoculate Children Should Medical Students Believe in Evolution? The Case of Professor Dini Pillow Angel College Student Requests Modafinil Chapter 3. At the End of Life Defining Death "The Whole-Brain Concept of Death Remains Optimum Public Policy," James L. Bernat "The Conscience Clause": How Much Individual Choice in Defining Death Can Our Society Tolerate?, Robert M. Veatch How Much Treatment? "The Case for Mortality," Leon R. Kass "Does Professional Autonomy Protect Medical Futility Judgments?" Eric Gampel Rejecting Treatment "Autonomy, Wellbeing, and the Case of the Refusing Patient," J. Varelius "The Severely Demented, Minimally Functional Patient: An Ethical Analysis," John D. Arras "Extreme Prematurity and Parental Rights After Baby Doe," John A. Robertson "Has the Emphasis on Autonomy Gone Too Far?" Insights from Dostoevsky on Parental Decisionmaking in the NICU, John J. Paris, Neil Graham, Michael D. Schreiber, and Michele Goodwin "Appropriate Use of Artificial Nutrition and Hydration": Fundamental Principles and Recommendations, David Casarett, Jennifer Kapo, and Arthur Caplan "Assisted Nutrition and Hydration and the Catholic Tradition," Thomas A. Shannon and James J. Walter Hastening Death "The Devil's Choice: Re-Thinking Law, Ethics, and Symptom Relief in Palliative Care," Roger S. Magnusson "Voluntary Euthanasia": A Utilitarian Perspective, Peter Singer "End of Life: The Buddhist View," Damien Keown "Gender, Feminism, and Death": Physician-Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia, Susan M. Wolf "A Moral Defense of Oregon's Physician-Assisted Suicide Law," Michael B. Gill Cases Not Dead Yet--Part I Not Dead Yet--Part II (or There Is Cryonics in Baseball) Slow Medicine Is There Anybody in There? A Patient's Rights Act? The Limits of Patient Autonomy in Israel The Texas Advance Directives Act Don't Mess with Texas: Cancer, Custody, and Katie Not Dead Yet--Part III The Groningen Protocol--Euthanasia for Newborns A Friend in Need Chapter 4. At the Beginnings of Life Abortion "A Defense of Abortion," Judith Jarvis Thomson "Abortion and the Beginning and End of Human Life," Don Marquis "Feminist Discourse on Sex Screening and Selective Abortion of Female Foetuses," Farhat Moazam "Could Artificial Wombs End the Abortion Debate?" Christopher Kaczor "The Limits of Conscientious Objection--May Pharmacists Refuse to Fill Prescriptions for Emergency Contraception?" Julie Cantor and Ken Baum Maternal-Fetal Relations "Distinguishing Features of Women's Health Care," Mary B. Mahowald "A Realistic Approach to Maternal-Fetal Conflict," Deborah Hornstra Reproductive Technology "What Are Families For? Getting to an Ethics of Reproductive Technology," Thomas H. Murray "Whose Bodies? Which Selves?" Appeals to Embodiment in Assessments of Reproductive Technology, Paul Lauritzen "Reproductive Gifts and Gift Giving: The Altruistic Woman," Janice G. Raymond "Two Questions About Surrogacy and Exploitation," Alan Wertheimer Human Cloning "Preventing A Brave New World : Why We Should Ban Cloning Now," Leon R. Kass "Human Reproductive Cloning": A Look at the Arguments Against It and a Rejection of Most of Them, Raanan Gillon Cases Measure for Measure Where the Boys Are What's Plan C? Pharmacist Refusal to Distribute Plan B Safe in the Womb? McKnight v. South Carolina Amber Alert A Person, No Matter How Small? Veto Power Surrogacy Specialists of America (SSA) Free to Be Me (Again?) Chapter 5. Distributing and Procuring Health Care Resources Access to Health Care "Justice, Health, and Healthcare," Norman Daniels "Rights to Health Care, Social Justice, and Fairness in Health Care Allocations: Frustrations in the Face of Finitude," H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr. "A Conservative Case for Universal Access to Health Care," Paul Menzel and Donald W. Light "Illegal Immigrants, Health Care, and Social Responsibility," James Dwyer Rationing "Should Physicians Be Gatekeepers of Medical Resources?" Milton C. Weinstein "Rationing in the Intensive Care Unit," Robert D. Truog, Dan W. Brock, Deborah J. Cook, Marion Danis, John M. Luce, Gordon Rubenfeld, and Mitchell Levy Organizational Ethics "Justice and Managed Care": Four Principles for the Just Allocation of Health Care Resources," Ezekiel J. Emanuel "Fulfilling Institutional Responsibilities in Health Care: Organizational Ethics and the Role of Mission Discernment," John A. Gallagher and Jerry Goodstein Organ Transplantation "Responsibility, Alcoholism, and Liver Transplantation," Walter Glannon "Recovery of Transplantable Organs After Cardiac or Circulatory Death: Transforming the Paradigm for the Ethics of Organ Donation," Joseph L. Verheijde, Mohamed Y. Rady, and Joan McGregor "Why We Are Not Allowed to Sell That Which We Are Encouraged to Donate," Barbro Bjoerkman "Presumed Consent, Autonomy, and Organ Donation," Michael B. Gill "An 'Opting in' Paradigm for Kidney Transplantation," David Steinberg Cases The Health of Nations The "Commonhealth" of Massachusetts Should Illegal Immigrants Have Access to Health Care? Blue Cross Seeks Physician Informants Age-Based Rationing Living the Mission Early Harvest--Removing Organs After Cardiac Death Presumed Consent and Organ Donation Pat Summerall's New Liver Matchmakers Chapter 6. Biomedical Research Research on Human Subjects "The Nuremburg Code" "The Belmont Report": Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research, The National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research "Declaration of Helsinki": Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects, World Medical Association "Making Research a Requirement of Treatment": Why We Should Sometimes Let Doctors Pressure Patients to Participate in Research, David Orentlicher "Guinea-Pigging," Carl Elliott "Justice and the Human Development Approach to International Research," Alex John London Stem Cell and Cloning Research "Monitoring Stem Cell Research": Introduction, President's Council on Bioethics "Ethical Issues in Human Stem Cell Research": Vol. 3, Religious Perspectives, National Bioethics Advisory Commission "Research with Human Embryonic Stem Cells: Ethical Considerations," Geron Ethics Advisory Board: Karen Lebacqz, Michael M. Mendiola, Ted Peters, Ernle W.D. Young, and Laurie Zoloth-Dorfman Animals as Research Subjects (or Objects) "The Ethics of Animal Research: What Are the Prospects for Agreement?" David DeGrazia "International Guiding Principles for Biomedical Research Involving Animals (1985)," Council for International Organization of Medical Sciences "Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research," National Research Council Cases Medicare Requires Heart Patients to Enlist in Research Empathic Mice Orphan Diseases In Defense of Animals (IDA) Urges NIH to Halt Animal Nicotine Experiments Pharmacological Research on Pregnant Women Stem Cell Research--"Dead" Embryos? Dying Patients and the Right to Try Experimental Drugs Surgeon as Animal Rights Warrior Great Ape Protection Act Chapter 7. Genetics, Biotechnology, and Posthuman Possibilities Technological Manipulations and Posthuman Futures "Biotechnology and the Pursuit of Happiness: An Introduction," President's Council on Bioethics "The Case Against Perfection: What's Wrong with Designer Children, Bionic Athletes, and Genetic Engineering," Michael J. Sandel "Gene Therapies and the Pursuit of a Better Human," Sara Goering "Jewish Reflections on Genetic Enhancement," Jeffrey H. Burack "Transhumanist Values," Nick Bostrom Manipulating the Mind "Treatment, Enhancement, and the Ethics of Neurotherapeutics," Paul Root Wolpe "Memory and Happiness," President's Council on Bioethics Genetics and Future Children "Genetic Dilemmas and the Child's Right to an Open Future," Dena S. Davis "Extending Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis: Medical and Non-Medical Uses," John A. Robertson Cases DNAdirect.com: Direct-to-Consumer Marketing of Genetic Tests Playing God in the West, but Not in the East Myriad Genetics and the BRCA-2 Gene Mo Money Consumer Eugenics Williams Syndrome and PGD Better Brains Through "Chemistry" Therapeutic Forgetting Soul Catcher 2025 Be More Than You Can Be Chapter 8. The Environmental Turn in Bioethics Redefining Bioethics, Redefining Health "Health is Membership," Wendell Berry "Toward an Ecological View of Health: An Imperative for the Twenty-First Century," Ted Schettler "New Ways of Thinking About Bioethics," Jessica Pierce and Andrew Jameton Health and the Environment "Global Environmental Change and Health:" Impacts, Inequalities, and the Health Sector, A. J. McMichael, A. Nyong, and C. Corvalan "Embedded in Nature": Human Health and Biodiversity" Eric Chivian and Aaron S. Bernstein Sustainable Health Care "Sustainable Health Care and Emerging Ethical Responsibilities," Andrew Jameton and Jessica Pierce "Medicine After Oil": It Could Be Distributed a Lot More Democratically, Daniel Bednarz "Deep Ecology and End-of-Life Care," Paul Carrick "Declaration of Professional Responsibility": Medicine's Social Contract with Humanity, American Medical Association "Stewardship of the Environment: Policy H-135.973," American Medical Association Cases Malaria and DDT Physicians and the Environmental Imperative Population Connection Sustainable Trials Asthma Inhalers and Ozone Mussels on Prozac Index: