Discrimination at Work

Introduction: what causes sex discrimination?; what causes race discrimination? what can be done? Part 1 The legal structure: the legislation; adjudication structure. Part 2 Direct discrimination: less favourable treatment; on the ground of race or sex; motive; discrimination on the ground of another's race; race or sex need not be the only cause; stereotyping; same or similar relevant circumstances; proving discrimination by inference; what kind of evidence? Part 3 Pressure or instructions to discriminate and victimization: pressure to discriminate; instructions to discriminate; victimization. Part 4 Indirect discrimination: proving indirect discrimination; subsequent direct discrimination claim; American law, EC law and indirect discrimination. Part 5 Sex and marital discrimination: types of discrimination; sex and marital discrimination by employers; Equal Pay Act 1970. Part 6 Race discrimination: Race Relations Act 1976; race discrimination by employers. Part 7 Discrimination by bodies other than employers: partners; trade unions and professional and employers' organizations; qualifying bodies; vocational training bodies; Manpower Services Commission, Training Commission etc; employment agencies; discrimination against contract workers; exceptions. Part 8 European Community law: EC legislation; EC law in UK courts and tribunals; EC law and indirect discrimination; bypassing UK law; how useful is UK law? Part 9 Getting work: recruitment procedures; advertising; employment agencies; qualifications; experience; tests and application forms; age limits; children; hours of work; other legislation; residence; mobility; attitudes; interviews; positive action. Part 10 Pay: who is protected by the Equal Pay Act?; exclusions from the EPA; the comparable man; what is pay?; like work; equivalent work; work of equal value; is the work of equal value?; material factor defence; collective agreements; discrimination in pay systems. Part 11 Harassment: what is harassment?; dismissal or forced resignation; harassment itself unlawful discrimination?; other detriments; who is liable?; compensation; codes of practice; EC law and sexual harassment; other forms of legal action. Part 13 The rights of pregnant women: rights under the EPCA; rights under Equal Pay Act 1970; discriminatory dismissals under the SDA; less favourable treatment while on maternity leave; right to return to work after pregnancy; right to return to same job; rights under the contract of employment; EC law rights to statutory maternity pay. Part 14 Leaving work: dismissal; discriminatory dismissals; retirement and pensions; pensions; social security benefits linked to pensionable age. Part 15 Procedures and remedies: generally; procedure in discrimination and equal pay cases; equal value cases; after the hearing - all claims; judicial review against public bodies; tribunal orders; EOC and CRE. Appendix: precedents.