Pre-Earthquake Processes

Contributors vii

Preface xi

Acknowledgments xiii

Part I: Historical Development of Pre-Earthquake Phenomena Studies

1 International Cooperation in Pre-Earthquake Studies: History and New Directions
Seiya Uyeda and Toshiyasu Nagao 3

2 Earthquake Precursor Studies in Japan
Masashi Hayakawa 7

3 Pre-Earthquake Observations and Their Application in Earthquake Prediction in China: A Review of Historical and Recent Progress
Hui Wang, Yongxian Zhang, Jie Liu, Xuhui Shen, Huaizhong Yu, Zaisen Jiang, and Guomin Zhang 19

4 Multidisciplinary Earthquake Precursor Studies in Taiwan: A Review and Future Prospects
Yi-Ben Tsai, Jann-Yenq(Tiger) Liu, Tzay-Chyn Shin, Hong-Yuan Yen, and Chieh-Hung Chen 41



5 Contributions to a History of Earthquake Prediction Research
Giovanni Martinelli 67

Part II: Latest Physical Models and Concepts of Pre-Earthquake Processes

6 Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere-Magnetosphere Coupling-A Concept for Pre-Earthquake Signals Generation
Sergey Pulinets, Dimitar Ouzounov, Alexander Karelin, and Dmitry Davidenko 79

7 Electrical Coupling Between the Ionosphere and Surface Charges in the Earthquake Fault Zone
Cheng-Ling Kuo, Yi-Ying Ho, and Lou-Chuang Lee 99

Part III: Pre-Earthquake Seismic Phenomena

8 Short-Term Foreshocks and Earthquake Prediction
Gerassimos Papadopoulos, George Minadakis, and Katerina Orfanogiannaki 127

9 Recent Developments in the Detection of Seismicity Patterns for the Italian Region
Antonella Peresan 149

10 Combining Probabilistic Seismicity Models with Precursory Information
Peter Shebalin 173

Part IV: Ground Geochemical and Electromagnetic Observations of Major Seismicity

11 Continuous Monitoring of Fluid and Gas Geochemistry for Seismic Study in Taiwan
Ching-Chou Fu and Lou-Chuang Lee 199

12 Geochemical and Fluid-Related Precursors of Earthquakes: Previous and Ongoing Research Trends
Giovanni Martinelli and Andrea Dadomo 219

13 Statistical Analysis and Assessment of Ultralow Frequency Magnetic Signals in Japan As Potential Earthquake Precursors
Katsumi Hattori and Peng Han 229

Part V: Atmospheric/Thermal Signals Associated with Major Earthquakes

14 Robust Satellite Techniques for Detecting Preseismic Thermal Anomalies
Valerio Tramutoli, Carolina Filizzola, Nicola Genzano, and Mariano Lisi 243

15 Thermal Radiation Anomalies Associated with Major Earthquakes
Dimitar Ouzounov, Sergey Pulinets, Menas C. Kafatos, and Patrick Taylor 259

Part VI: Ionospheric Processes Associated with Major Earthquakes

16 Very-Low- to Low-Frequency Sounding of Ionospheric Perturbations and Possible Association with Earthquakes
Masashi Hayakawa, Tomokazu Asano, Alexander Rozhnoi, and Maria Solovieva 277

17 Application of Total Electron Content Derived from the Global Navigation Satellite System for Detecting Earthquake Precursors
Jann-Yenq (Tiger) Liu, Katsumi Hattori, and Yuh-Ing Chen 305

18 Statistical Analysis of the Ionospheric Density Recorded by the DEMETER Satellite During Seismic Activity
Michel Parrot and Mei Li 319

Part VII: Interdisciplinary Approach to Earthquake Forecasts/Predictions

19 Significant Cases of Preseismic Thermal Infrared Anomalies
Valerio Tramutoli, Nicola Genzano, Mariano Lisi, and Nicola Pergola 331

20 Multiparameter Assessment of Pre-Earthquake Atmospheric Signals
Dimitar Ouzounov, Sergey Pulinets, Jann-Yenq (Tiger) Liu, Katsumi Hattori, and Peng Han 339

Index 361