CCNP ROUTE 642-902 Official Certification Guide
Published on 18. February 2010
Book
Mixed media product
768 pages
978-1-58720-253-7 (ISBN)
Description
Master the CCNP (R) ROUTE 642-902 exam with this official study guide
Assess your knowledge with chapter-opening quizzes
Review key concepts with Exam Preparation Tasks
Practice with realistic exam questions on the CD-ROM
CCNP ROUTE 642-902 Official Certification Guide is a best of breed Cisco (R) exam study guide that focuses specifically on the objectives for the CCNP (R) ROUTE exam. Senior instructor and best-selling author Wendell Odom shares preparation hints and test-taking tips, helping you identify areas of weakness and improve both your conceptual knowledge and hands-on skills. Material is presented in a concise manner, focusing on increasing your understanding and retention of exam topics.
CCNP ROUTE 642-902 Official Certification Guide presents you with an organized test preparation routine through the use of proven series elements and techniques. "Do I Know This Already?" quizzes open each chapter and allow you to decide how much time you need to spend on each section. Exam topic lists make referencing easy. Chapter-ending Exam Preparation Tasks sections help drill you on key concepts you must know thoroughly.
The companion CD-ROM contains a powerful testing engine that allows you to focus on individual topic areas or take complete, timed exams. The assessment engine also tracks your performance and provides feedback on a module-by-module basis, laying out a complete study plan for review.
Well-regarded for its level of detail, assessment features, and challenging review questions and exercises, this official study guide helps you master the concepts and techniques that will enable you to succeed on the exam the first time.
CCNP ROUTE 642-902 Official Certification Guide is part of a recommended learning path from Cisco that includes simulation and hands-on training from authorized Cisco Learning Partners and self-study products from Cisco Press. To find out more about instructor-led training, e-learning, and hands-on instruction offered by authorized Cisco Learning Partners worldwide, please visit www.cisco.com/go/authorizedtraining
Wendell Odom, CCIE (R) No. 1624, is a 28-year veteran of the networking industry. He currently works as an independent author of Cisco certification resources and occasional instructor of Cisco authorized training for Skyline ATS. He has worked as a network engineer, consultant, systems engineer, instructor, and course developer. He is the author of several best-selling Cisco certification titles. He maintains lists of current titles, links to Wendell's blogs, and other certification resources at www.TheCertZone.com.
This official study guide helps you master all the topics on the CCNP ROUTE exam, including:
Network design, implementation, and verification plans
EIGRP
OSPF
IGP Redistribution
Policy-based routing and IP service-level agreement (IP SLA)
BGP
IPv6
IPv4 and IPv6 coexistence
Routing over branch Internet connections
This volume is part of the Official Certification Guide Series from Cisco Press. Books in this series provide officially developed exam preparation materials that offer assessment, review, and practice to help Cisco Career Certification candidates identify weaknesses, concentrate their study efforts, and enhance their confidence as exam day nears.
Assess your knowledge with chapter-opening quizzes
Review key concepts with Exam Preparation Tasks
Practice with realistic exam questions on the CD-ROM
CCNP ROUTE 642-902 Official Certification Guide is a best of breed Cisco (R) exam study guide that focuses specifically on the objectives for the CCNP (R) ROUTE exam. Senior instructor and best-selling author Wendell Odom shares preparation hints and test-taking tips, helping you identify areas of weakness and improve both your conceptual knowledge and hands-on skills. Material is presented in a concise manner, focusing on increasing your understanding and retention of exam topics.
CCNP ROUTE 642-902 Official Certification Guide presents you with an organized test preparation routine through the use of proven series elements and techniques. "Do I Know This Already?" quizzes open each chapter and allow you to decide how much time you need to spend on each section. Exam topic lists make referencing easy. Chapter-ending Exam Preparation Tasks sections help drill you on key concepts you must know thoroughly.
The companion CD-ROM contains a powerful testing engine that allows you to focus on individual topic areas or take complete, timed exams. The assessment engine also tracks your performance and provides feedback on a module-by-module basis, laying out a complete study plan for review.
Well-regarded for its level of detail, assessment features, and challenging review questions and exercises, this official study guide helps you master the concepts and techniques that will enable you to succeed on the exam the first time.
CCNP ROUTE 642-902 Official Certification Guide is part of a recommended learning path from Cisco that includes simulation and hands-on training from authorized Cisco Learning Partners and self-study products from Cisco Press. To find out more about instructor-led training, e-learning, and hands-on instruction offered by authorized Cisco Learning Partners worldwide, please visit www.cisco.com/go/authorizedtraining
Wendell Odom, CCIE (R) No. 1624, is a 28-year veteran of the networking industry. He currently works as an independent author of Cisco certification resources and occasional instructor of Cisco authorized training for Skyline ATS. He has worked as a network engineer, consultant, systems engineer, instructor, and course developer. He is the author of several best-selling Cisco certification titles. He maintains lists of current titles, links to Wendell's blogs, and other certification resources at www.TheCertZone.com.
This official study guide helps you master all the topics on the CCNP ROUTE exam, including:
Network design, implementation, and verification plans
EIGRP
OSPF
IGP Redistribution
Policy-based routing and IP service-level agreement (IP SLA)
BGP
IPv6
IPv4 and IPv6 coexistence
Routing over branch Internet connections
This volume is part of the Official Certification Guide Series from Cisco Press. Books in this series provide officially developed exam preparation materials that offer assessment, review, and practice to help Cisco Career Certification candidates identify weaknesses, concentrate their study efforts, and enhance their confidence as exam day nears.
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Wendell Odom, CCIE No. 1624, is a 28-year veteran of the networking industry. He currently works as an independent author of Cisco certification resources and occasional instructor of Cisco authorized training for Skyline ATS. He has worked as a network engineer, consultant, systems engineer, instructor, and course developer. Wendell is the author of several best-selling Cisco certification titles. He maintains lists of current titles, links to Wendell's blogs, and other certification resources at www.thecertzone.com.
Content
Foreword xxiv
Introduction xxv
Part I Perspectives on Network Planning
Chapter 1 Planning Tasks for the CCNP Exams 3
Perspectives on CCNP Exam Topics Related to Planning 3
CCNP Route Exam Topics That Do Not Require the CLI 4
Impressions on the Planning Exam Topics 5
Relating the Exam Topics to a Typical Network Engineer's Job 6
A Fictitious Company and Networking Staff 6
The Design Step 7
Implementation Planning Step 7
Verification Planning Step 9
Documenting the Results of the Implementation 10
Summary of the Role of Network Engineer 10
How to Prepare for the Planning Topics on the Exams 10
Planning Preparation: Design Review Table 12
Planning Preparation: Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 12
Create an Implementation Plan Table 13
Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 13
Background Information on Implementation and Verification Plans 13
No Single Plan Style 13
Typical Elements in an Implementation Plan 14
Focus for Implementation Plans for CCNP 15
Structured Implementation Planning Methodologies 15
Typical Verification Plan Components 16
Conclusions 16
Part II EIGRP
Chapter 2 EIGRP Overview and Neighbor Relationships 19
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 20
Foundation Topics 23
EIGRP CCNA Review 23
Configuration Review 23
Verification Review 25
Internals Review 29
EIGRP Neighborships 32
Manipulating EIGRP Hello and Hold Timers 32
Preventing Unwanted Neighbors Using Passive Interfaces 36
Controlling Neighborships Using EIGRP Authentication 39
Controlling Neighborships with Static Configuration 43
Configuration Settings That Could Prevent Neighbor Relationships 46
Neighborship over WANs 48
Neighborship on Frame Relay 49
Neighborship on MPLS VPN 50
Neighborship on Metro Ethernet 51
Exam Preparation Tasks 52
Planning Practice 52
Design Review Table 52
Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 52
Create an Implementation Plan Table 53
Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 53
Review All the Key Topics 55
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 55
Define Key Terms 55
Chapter 3 EIGRP Topology, Routes, and Convergence 57
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 57
Foundation Topics 60
Building the EIGRP Topology Table 60
Seeding the EIGRP Topology Table 60
The Content of EIGRP Update Message 61
The EIGRP Update Process 64
WAN Issues for EIGRP Topology Exchange 65
Building the IP Routing Table 69
Calculating the Metrics: Feasible Distance and Reported Distance 69
EIGRP Metric Tuning 72
Optimizing EIGRP Convergence 78
Fast Convergence to Feasible Successors 78
Converging by Going Active 83
Unequal Metric Route Load Sharing 88
Exam Preparation Tasks 92
Planning Practice 92
Design Review Table 92
Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 92
Create an Implementation Plan Table 93
Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 94
Review all the Key Topics 94
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 95
Define Key Terms 95
Chapter 4 EIGRP Route Summarization and Filtering 97
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 97
Foundation Topics 101
Route Filtering 101
Filtering by Referencing ACLs 102
Filtering by Referencing IP Prefix Lists 105
Filtering by Using Route Maps 110
Route Summarization 114
Route Summarization Design 114
Configuring EIGRP Route Summarization 120
Auto-summary 124
Default Routes 126
Default Routing to the Internet Router 126
Default Routing Configuration with EIGRP 127
Exam Preparation Tasks 132
Planning Practice 132
Design Review Table 132
Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 132
Create an Implementation Plan Table 133
Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 134
Review all the Key Topics 134
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 135
Define Key Terms 135
Part III OSPF
Chapter 5 OSPF Overview and Neighbor Relationships 137
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 137
Foundation Topics 140
OSPF Review 140
OSPF Link State Concepts 140
OSPF Configuration Review 144
OSPF Verification Review 146
OSPF Feature Summary 149
OSPF Neighbors and Adjacencies on LANs 149
Enabling OSPF Neighbor Discovery on LANs 150
Settings That Must Match for OSPF Neighborship 152
OSPF Neighbors and Adjacencies on WANs 162
OSPF Network Types 162
OSPF Neighborship over Point-to-Point Links 163
Neighborship over Frame Relay Point-to-Point Subinterfaces 166
Neighborship on MPLS VPN 166
Neighborship on Metro Ethernet 167
Exam Preparation Tasks 170
Planning Practice 170
Design Review Table 170
Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 170
Create an Implementation Plan Table 171
Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 172
Review All the Key Topics 173
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 173
Define Key Terms 173
Chapter 6 OSPF Topology, Routes, and Convergence 175
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 175
Foundation Topics 179
LSAs and the OSPF Link State Database 179
LSA Type 1: Router LSA 180
LSA Type 2: Network LSA 186
LSA Type 3: Summary LSA 191
Limiting the Number of LSAs 195
Summary of Internal LSA Types 195
The Database Exchange Process 196
OSPF Message and Neighbor State Reference 196
Exchange Without a Designated Router 197
Exchange with a Designated Router 200
Flooding Throughout the Area 203
Periodic Flooding 204
Choosing the Best OSPF Routes 204
OSPF Metric Calculation for Internal OSPF Routes 205
Metric and SPF Calculations 211
Metric Tuning 212
Exam Preparation Tasks 215
Planning Practice 215
Design Review Table 215
Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 215
Create an Implementation Plan Table 216
Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 216
Review All the Key Topics 218
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 218
Define Key Terms 218
Chapter 7 OSPF Route Summarization, Filtering, and Default Routing 221
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 221
Foundation Topics 225
Route Filtering 225
Type 3 LSA Filtering 226
Filtering OSPF Routes Added to the Routing Table 230
Route Summarization 231
Manual Summarization at ABRs 232
Manual Summarization at ASBRs 235
Default Routes and Stub Areas 236
Domain-wide Defaults Using the default-information originate
Command 237
Stubby Areas 239
Exam Preparation Tasks 251
Planning Practice 251
Design Review Table 251
Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 251
Create an Implementation Plan Table 252
Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 253
Review All the Key Topics 253
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 254
Define Key Terms 254
Chapter 8 OSPF Virtual Links and Frame Relay Operations 257
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 257
Foundation Topics 260
Virtual Links 260
Understanding OSPF Virtual Link Concepts 260
Configuring OSPF Virtual Links with No Authentication 262
Verifying the OSPF Virtual Link 264
Configuring Virtual Link Authentication 265
OSPF over Multipoint Frame Relay 267
IP Subnetting Design over Frame Relay 267
OSPF Challenges When Using Multipoint 270
Configuring and Verifying OSPF Operations on Frame Relay 274
Exam Preparation Tasks 283
Planning Practice 283
Design Review Table 283
Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 283
Create an Implementation Plan Table 284
Choosing Commands for a Verification Plan Table 285
Review All the Key Topics 285
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 286
Define Key Terms 286
Part IV Path Control
Chapter 9 Basic IGP Redistribution 289
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 289
Foundation Topics 292
Route Redistribution Basics 292
The Need for Route Redistribution 292
Redistribution Concepts and Processes 294
Redistribution into EIGRP 297
EIGRP redistribute Command Reference 297
Baseline Configuration for EIGRP Redistribution Examples 298
Configuring EIGRP Redistribution with Default Metric Components 300
Verifying EIGRP Redistribution 302
Redistribution into OSPF 305
OSPF redistribute Command Reference 305
Configuring OSPF Redistribution with Minimal Parameters 306
Setting OSPF Metrics on Redistributed Routes 310
LSAs and Metrics for External Type 2 Routes 311
Redistributing into OSPF as E1 Routes 318
A Brief Comparison of E1 and E2 Routes 319
External Routes in NSSA Areas 320
Exam Preparation Tasks 324
Planning Practice 324
Design Review Table 324
Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 325
Create an Implementation Plan Table 326
Choosing Commands for a Verification Plan Table 326
Review all the Key Topics 327
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 327
Define Key Terms 327
Chapter 10 Advanced IGP Redistribution 329
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 329
Foundation Topics 332
Redistribution with Route Maps and Distribute Lists 332
Overview of Using route-maps with Redistribution 332
Filtering Redistributed Routes with Route Maps 334
Setting Metrics when Redistributing 339
Setting the External Route Type 343
Redistribution Filtering with the distribute-list Command 343
Issues with Multiple Redistribution Points 344
Preventing Routing Domain Loops with Higher Metrics 345
Preventing Routing Domain Loops with Administrative Distance 346
Domain Loop Problems with More than Two Routing Domains 349
Exam Preparation Tasks 358
Planning Practice 358
Design Review Table 358
Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 358
Create an Implementation Plan Table 359
Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 360
Review all the Key Topics 361
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 361
Define Key Terms 361
Chapter 11 Policy-Based Routing and IP Service Level Agreement 363
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 363
Foundation Topics 366
Policy-Based Routing 366
Matching the Packet and Setting the Route 367
PBR Configuration Example 368
How the default Keyword Impacts PBR Logic Ordering 370
Additional PBR Functions 371
IP Service-Level Agreement 372
Understanding IP SLA Concepts 373
Configuring and Verifying IP SLA 374
Tracking SLA Operations to Influence Routing 378
Exam Preparation Tasks 382
Planning Practice 382
Design Review Table 382
Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 382
Create an Implementation Plan Table 382
Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 383
Review all the Key Topics 384
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 385
Definitions of Key Terms 385
Part V BGP
Chapter 12 Internet Connectivity and BGP 387
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 388
Foundation Topics 390
The Basics of Internet Routing and Addressing 390
Public IP Address Assignment 391
Internet Route Aggregation 392
The Impact of NAT/PAT 393
Private IPv4 Addresses and Other Special Addresses 394
Introduction to BGP 396
BGP Basics 396
BGP ASNs and the AS_SEQ Path Attribute 397
Internal and External BGP 399
Public and Private ASNs 400
Outbound Routing Toward the Internet 402
Comparing BGP and Default Routing for Enterprises 402
Single Homed 404
Dual Homed 405
Single Multihomed 411
Dual Multihomed 412
Exam Preparation Tasks 414
Planning Practice 414
Design Review Table 414
Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 414
Create an Implementation Plan Table 415
Review all the Key Topics 415
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 416
Define Key Terms 416
Chapter 13 External BGP 419
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 419
Foundation Topics 423
External BGP for Enterprises 423
eBGP Neighbor Configuration 423
BGP Internals and Verifying eBGP Neighbors 430
Verifying the BGP Table 436
The BGP Update Message 436
Examining the BGP Table 438
Viewing Subsets of the BGP Table 440
Injecting Routes into BGP for Advertisement to the ISPs 443
Injecting Routes Using the network Command 443
The Effect of auto-summary on the BGP network Command 445
Injecting Routes Using Redistribution 446
Exam Preparation Tasks 449
Planning Practice 449
Design Review Table 449
Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 449
Create an Implementation Plan Table 450
Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 451
Review all the Key Topics 452
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 452
Define Key Terms 452
Chapter 14 Internal BGP and BGP Route Filtering 455
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 455
Foundation Topics 459
Internal BGP Between Internet-Connected Routers 459
Establishing the Need for iBGP with Two Internet-Connected Routers 459
Configuring iBGP 460
Verifying iBGP 463
Examining iBGP BGP Table Entries 464
Understanding Next-Hop Reachability Issues with iBGP 468
Avoiding Routing Loops when Forwarding Toward the Internet 471
Using an iBGP Mesh 472
IGP Redistribution and BGP Synchronization 475
Route Filtering and Clearing BGP Peers 476
BGP Filtering Overview 476
Inbound and Outbound BGP Filtering on Prefix/Length 478
Clearing BGP Neighbors 481
Displaying the Results of BGP Filtering 483
Exam Preparation Tasks 486
Planning Practice 486
Design Review Table 486
Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 487
Create an Implementation Plan Table 487
Choosing Commands for a Verification Plan Table 488
Review all the Key Topics 488
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 489
Definitions of Key Terms 489
Chapter 15 BGP Path Control 491
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 491
Foundation Topics 494
BGP Path Attributes and Best Path Algorithm 494
BGP Path Attributes 494
Overview of the BGP Best Path Algorithm 495
Perspectives on the Core 8 Best Path Steps 498
Memorization Tips for BGP Best Path 499
Influencing an Enterprise's Outbound Routes 500
Influencing BGP Weight 500
Setting the Local Preference 507
IP Routes Based on BGP Best Paths 513
Increasing the Length of the AS_Path Using AS_Path Prepend 517
Influencing an Enterprise's Inbound Routes with MED 519
MED Concepts 519
MED Configuration 521
Exam Preparation Tasks 523
Planning Practice 523
Design Review Table 523
Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 523
Create an Implementation Plan Table 524
Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 525
Review all the Key Topics 526
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 526
Define Key Terms 526
Part VI IPv6
Chapter 16 IP Version 6 Addressing 529
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 529
Foundation Topics 532
Global Unicast Addressing, Routing, and Subnetting 533
Global Route Aggregation for Efficient Routing 534
Conventions for Representing IPv6 Addresses 536
Conventions for Writing IPv6 Prefixes 537
Global Unicast Prefix Assignment Example 539
Subnetting Global Unicast IPv6 Addresses Inside an Enterprise 541
Prefix Terminology 543
Assigning IPv6 Global Unicast Addresses 544
Stateful DHCP for IPv6 545
Stateless Autoconfiguration 545
Static IPv6 Address Configuration 549
Survey of IPv6 Addressing 549
Overview of IPv6 Addressing 550
Unicast IPv6 Addresses 550
Multicast and Other Special IPv6 Addresses 553
Layer 2 Addressing Mapping and Duplicate Address Detection 554
Configuring IPv6 Addresses on Cisco Routers 556
Configuring Static IPv6 Addresses on Routers 557
Multicast Groups Joined by IPv6 Router Interfaces 559
Connected Routes and Neighbors 560
The IPv6 Neighbor Table 561
Stateless Autoconfiguration 561
Exam Preparation Tasks 563
Planning Practice 563
Design Review Table 563
Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 563
Create an Implementation Plan Table 564
Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 564
Review all the Key Topics 565
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 566
Define Key Terms 566
Chapter 17 IPv6 Routing Protocols and Redistribution 569
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 569
Foundation Topics 573
RIP Next Generation (RIPng) 573
RIPng-Theory and Comparisons to RIP-2 574
Configuring RIPng 575
Verifying RIPng 578
EIGRP for IPv6 581
EIGRP for IPv4 and IPv6-Theory and Comparisons 581
Configuring EIGRP for IPv6 582
Verifying EIGRP for IPv6 584
OSPF Version 3 588
Comparing OSPFv2 and OSPFv3 588
Configuring OSPFv3 590
Verifying OSPFv3 592
IPv6 IGP Redistribution 595
Redistributing without Route Maps 596
Redistributing with Route Maps 598
Static IPv6 Routes 599
Exam Preparation Tasks 602
Planning Practice 602
Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 602
Create an Implementation Plan Table 602
Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 603
Review all the Key Topics 604
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 604
Define Key Terms 604
Chapter 18 IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence 607
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 607
Foundation Topics 611
IPv4 and IPv6 Migration and Coexistence Concepts 611
IPv4/IPv6 Dual Stacks 611
Tunneling 612
NAT Protocol Translation 617
Static Point-to-Point IPv6 Tunnels 619
Manually Configured Tunnels 620
GRE Tunnels 624
Point-to-Point IPv6 Tunnel Summary 625
Dynamic Multipoint IPv6 Tunnels 626
Automatic 6to4 Tunnels 627
IPv6 ISATAP Tunnels 634
Multipoint IPv6 Tunnel Summary 639
Exam Preparation Tasks 641
Planning Practice 641
Design Review Table 641
Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 642
Create an Implementation Plan Table 642
Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 643
Review all the Key Topics 644
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 644
Define Key Terms 644
Part VII Branch Office Networking
Chapter 19 Routing over Branch Internet Connections 647
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 647
Foundation Topics 650
Branch Office Broadband Internet Access 650
Broadband Internet Access Basics 650
Branch Router as DHCP Server and Client 652
Branch Office Security 653
Using IPsec Tunnels 654
Branch Routing for the Small Branch 656
Routing in Medium and Large Branches 657
Branch Router Configuration for Broadband Access 659
Understanding DSL Concepts 659
Configuring DSL 661
Configuring NAT 663
Configuring DHCP Server 664
VPN Configuration 664
Configuring an IPsec VPN 665
Configuring GRE Tunnels 666
Summary-Branch Routing from PC1 to Enterprise Server S1 667
Exam Preparation Tasks 670
Planning Practice 670
Review all the Key Topics 671
Define Key Terms 671
Part VIII Final Preparation
Chapter 20 Final Preparation 673
Tools for Final Preparation 673
Exam Engine and Questions on the CD 673
Install the Software from the CD 674
Activate and Download the Practice Exam 674
Activating Other Exams 675
The Cisco Learning Network 675
Memory Tables 675
Chapter-Ending Review Tools 676
Suggested Plan for Final Review/Study 676
Step 1: Review Key Topics and DIKTA Questions 677
Step 3: Hands-On Practice 677
Step 6: Subnetting Practice 677
Step 7: Use the Exam Engine 678
Summary 679
Part IX Appendixes
Appendix A Answers to "Do I Know This Already?" Quizzes 681
Appendix B Conversion Tables 701
Appendix C Route Exam Updates 705
Index 708
CD-Only Appendixes and Glossary
Appendix D Memory Tables
Appendix E Memory Tables Answer Key
Appendix F Completed Planning Practice Tables
Glossary
9781587202537, TOC, 1/7/10
Introduction xxv
Part I Perspectives on Network Planning
Chapter 1 Planning Tasks for the CCNP Exams 3
Perspectives on CCNP Exam Topics Related to Planning 3
CCNP Route Exam Topics That Do Not Require the CLI 4
Impressions on the Planning Exam Topics 5
Relating the Exam Topics to a Typical Network Engineer's Job 6
A Fictitious Company and Networking Staff 6
The Design Step 7
Implementation Planning Step 7
Verification Planning Step 9
Documenting the Results of the Implementation 10
Summary of the Role of Network Engineer 10
How to Prepare for the Planning Topics on the Exams 10
Planning Preparation: Design Review Table 12
Planning Preparation: Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 12
Create an Implementation Plan Table 13
Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 13
Background Information on Implementation and Verification Plans 13
No Single Plan Style 13
Typical Elements in an Implementation Plan 14
Focus for Implementation Plans for CCNP 15
Structured Implementation Planning Methodologies 15
Typical Verification Plan Components 16
Conclusions 16
Part II EIGRP
Chapter 2 EIGRP Overview and Neighbor Relationships 19
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 20
Foundation Topics 23
EIGRP CCNA Review 23
Configuration Review 23
Verification Review 25
Internals Review 29
EIGRP Neighborships 32
Manipulating EIGRP Hello and Hold Timers 32
Preventing Unwanted Neighbors Using Passive Interfaces 36
Controlling Neighborships Using EIGRP Authentication 39
Controlling Neighborships with Static Configuration 43
Configuration Settings That Could Prevent Neighbor Relationships 46
Neighborship over WANs 48
Neighborship on Frame Relay 49
Neighborship on MPLS VPN 50
Neighborship on Metro Ethernet 51
Exam Preparation Tasks 52
Planning Practice 52
Design Review Table 52
Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 52
Create an Implementation Plan Table 53
Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 53
Review All the Key Topics 55
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 55
Define Key Terms 55
Chapter 3 EIGRP Topology, Routes, and Convergence 57
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 57
Foundation Topics 60
Building the EIGRP Topology Table 60
Seeding the EIGRP Topology Table 60
The Content of EIGRP Update Message 61
The EIGRP Update Process 64
WAN Issues for EIGRP Topology Exchange 65
Building the IP Routing Table 69
Calculating the Metrics: Feasible Distance and Reported Distance 69
EIGRP Metric Tuning 72
Optimizing EIGRP Convergence 78
Fast Convergence to Feasible Successors 78
Converging by Going Active 83
Unequal Metric Route Load Sharing 88
Exam Preparation Tasks 92
Planning Practice 92
Design Review Table 92
Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 92
Create an Implementation Plan Table 93
Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 94
Review all the Key Topics 94
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 95
Define Key Terms 95
Chapter 4 EIGRP Route Summarization and Filtering 97
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 97
Foundation Topics 101
Route Filtering 101
Filtering by Referencing ACLs 102
Filtering by Referencing IP Prefix Lists 105
Filtering by Using Route Maps 110
Route Summarization 114
Route Summarization Design 114
Configuring EIGRP Route Summarization 120
Auto-summary 124
Default Routes 126
Default Routing to the Internet Router 126
Default Routing Configuration with EIGRP 127
Exam Preparation Tasks 132
Planning Practice 132
Design Review Table 132
Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 132
Create an Implementation Plan Table 133
Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 134
Review all the Key Topics 134
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 135
Define Key Terms 135
Part III OSPF
Chapter 5 OSPF Overview and Neighbor Relationships 137
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 137
Foundation Topics 140
OSPF Review 140
OSPF Link State Concepts 140
OSPF Configuration Review 144
OSPF Verification Review 146
OSPF Feature Summary 149
OSPF Neighbors and Adjacencies on LANs 149
Enabling OSPF Neighbor Discovery on LANs 150
Settings That Must Match for OSPF Neighborship 152
OSPF Neighbors and Adjacencies on WANs 162
OSPF Network Types 162
OSPF Neighborship over Point-to-Point Links 163
Neighborship over Frame Relay Point-to-Point Subinterfaces 166
Neighborship on MPLS VPN 166
Neighborship on Metro Ethernet 167
Exam Preparation Tasks 170
Planning Practice 170
Design Review Table 170
Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 170
Create an Implementation Plan Table 171
Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 172
Review All the Key Topics 173
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 173
Define Key Terms 173
Chapter 6 OSPF Topology, Routes, and Convergence 175
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 175
Foundation Topics 179
LSAs and the OSPF Link State Database 179
LSA Type 1: Router LSA 180
LSA Type 2: Network LSA 186
LSA Type 3: Summary LSA 191
Limiting the Number of LSAs 195
Summary of Internal LSA Types 195
The Database Exchange Process 196
OSPF Message and Neighbor State Reference 196
Exchange Without a Designated Router 197
Exchange with a Designated Router 200
Flooding Throughout the Area 203
Periodic Flooding 204
Choosing the Best OSPF Routes 204
OSPF Metric Calculation for Internal OSPF Routes 205
Metric and SPF Calculations 211
Metric Tuning 212
Exam Preparation Tasks 215
Planning Practice 215
Design Review Table 215
Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 215
Create an Implementation Plan Table 216
Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 216
Review All the Key Topics 218
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 218
Define Key Terms 218
Chapter 7 OSPF Route Summarization, Filtering, and Default Routing 221
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 221
Foundation Topics 225
Route Filtering 225
Type 3 LSA Filtering 226
Filtering OSPF Routes Added to the Routing Table 230
Route Summarization 231
Manual Summarization at ABRs 232
Manual Summarization at ASBRs 235
Default Routes and Stub Areas 236
Domain-wide Defaults Using the default-information originate
Command 237
Stubby Areas 239
Exam Preparation Tasks 251
Planning Practice 251
Design Review Table 251
Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 251
Create an Implementation Plan Table 252
Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 253
Review All the Key Topics 253
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 254
Define Key Terms 254
Chapter 8 OSPF Virtual Links and Frame Relay Operations 257
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 257
Foundation Topics 260
Virtual Links 260
Understanding OSPF Virtual Link Concepts 260
Configuring OSPF Virtual Links with No Authentication 262
Verifying the OSPF Virtual Link 264
Configuring Virtual Link Authentication 265
OSPF over Multipoint Frame Relay 267
IP Subnetting Design over Frame Relay 267
OSPF Challenges When Using Multipoint 270
Configuring and Verifying OSPF Operations on Frame Relay 274
Exam Preparation Tasks 283
Planning Practice 283
Design Review Table 283
Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 283
Create an Implementation Plan Table 284
Choosing Commands for a Verification Plan Table 285
Review All the Key Topics 285
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 286
Define Key Terms 286
Part IV Path Control
Chapter 9 Basic IGP Redistribution 289
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 289
Foundation Topics 292
Route Redistribution Basics 292
The Need for Route Redistribution 292
Redistribution Concepts and Processes 294
Redistribution into EIGRP 297
EIGRP redistribute Command Reference 297
Baseline Configuration for EIGRP Redistribution Examples 298
Configuring EIGRP Redistribution with Default Metric Components 300
Verifying EIGRP Redistribution 302
Redistribution into OSPF 305
OSPF redistribute Command Reference 305
Configuring OSPF Redistribution with Minimal Parameters 306
Setting OSPF Metrics on Redistributed Routes 310
LSAs and Metrics for External Type 2 Routes 311
Redistributing into OSPF as E1 Routes 318
A Brief Comparison of E1 and E2 Routes 319
External Routes in NSSA Areas 320
Exam Preparation Tasks 324
Planning Practice 324
Design Review Table 324
Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 325
Create an Implementation Plan Table 326
Choosing Commands for a Verification Plan Table 326
Review all the Key Topics 327
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 327
Define Key Terms 327
Chapter 10 Advanced IGP Redistribution 329
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 329
Foundation Topics 332
Redistribution with Route Maps and Distribute Lists 332
Overview of Using route-maps with Redistribution 332
Filtering Redistributed Routes with Route Maps 334
Setting Metrics when Redistributing 339
Setting the External Route Type 343
Redistribution Filtering with the distribute-list Command 343
Issues with Multiple Redistribution Points 344
Preventing Routing Domain Loops with Higher Metrics 345
Preventing Routing Domain Loops with Administrative Distance 346
Domain Loop Problems with More than Two Routing Domains 349
Exam Preparation Tasks 358
Planning Practice 358
Design Review Table 358
Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 358
Create an Implementation Plan Table 359
Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 360
Review all the Key Topics 361
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 361
Define Key Terms 361
Chapter 11 Policy-Based Routing and IP Service Level Agreement 363
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 363
Foundation Topics 366
Policy-Based Routing 366
Matching the Packet and Setting the Route 367
PBR Configuration Example 368
How the default Keyword Impacts PBR Logic Ordering 370
Additional PBR Functions 371
IP Service-Level Agreement 372
Understanding IP SLA Concepts 373
Configuring and Verifying IP SLA 374
Tracking SLA Operations to Influence Routing 378
Exam Preparation Tasks 382
Planning Practice 382
Design Review Table 382
Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 382
Create an Implementation Plan Table 382
Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 383
Review all the Key Topics 384
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 385
Definitions of Key Terms 385
Part V BGP
Chapter 12 Internet Connectivity and BGP 387
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 388
Foundation Topics 390
The Basics of Internet Routing and Addressing 390
Public IP Address Assignment 391
Internet Route Aggregation 392
The Impact of NAT/PAT 393
Private IPv4 Addresses and Other Special Addresses 394
Introduction to BGP 396
BGP Basics 396
BGP ASNs and the AS_SEQ Path Attribute 397
Internal and External BGP 399
Public and Private ASNs 400
Outbound Routing Toward the Internet 402
Comparing BGP and Default Routing for Enterprises 402
Single Homed 404
Dual Homed 405
Single Multihomed 411
Dual Multihomed 412
Exam Preparation Tasks 414
Planning Practice 414
Design Review Table 414
Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 414
Create an Implementation Plan Table 415
Review all the Key Topics 415
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 416
Define Key Terms 416
Chapter 13 External BGP 419
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 419
Foundation Topics 423
External BGP for Enterprises 423
eBGP Neighbor Configuration 423
BGP Internals and Verifying eBGP Neighbors 430
Verifying the BGP Table 436
The BGP Update Message 436
Examining the BGP Table 438
Viewing Subsets of the BGP Table 440
Injecting Routes into BGP for Advertisement to the ISPs 443
Injecting Routes Using the network Command 443
The Effect of auto-summary on the BGP network Command 445
Injecting Routes Using Redistribution 446
Exam Preparation Tasks 449
Planning Practice 449
Design Review Table 449
Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 449
Create an Implementation Plan Table 450
Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 451
Review all the Key Topics 452
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 452
Define Key Terms 452
Chapter 14 Internal BGP and BGP Route Filtering 455
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 455
Foundation Topics 459
Internal BGP Between Internet-Connected Routers 459
Establishing the Need for iBGP with Two Internet-Connected Routers 459
Configuring iBGP 460
Verifying iBGP 463
Examining iBGP BGP Table Entries 464
Understanding Next-Hop Reachability Issues with iBGP 468
Avoiding Routing Loops when Forwarding Toward the Internet 471
Using an iBGP Mesh 472
IGP Redistribution and BGP Synchronization 475
Route Filtering and Clearing BGP Peers 476
BGP Filtering Overview 476
Inbound and Outbound BGP Filtering on Prefix/Length 478
Clearing BGP Neighbors 481
Displaying the Results of BGP Filtering 483
Exam Preparation Tasks 486
Planning Practice 486
Design Review Table 486
Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 487
Create an Implementation Plan Table 487
Choosing Commands for a Verification Plan Table 488
Review all the Key Topics 488
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 489
Definitions of Key Terms 489
Chapter 15 BGP Path Control 491
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 491
Foundation Topics 494
BGP Path Attributes and Best Path Algorithm 494
BGP Path Attributes 494
Overview of the BGP Best Path Algorithm 495
Perspectives on the Core 8 Best Path Steps 498
Memorization Tips for BGP Best Path 499
Influencing an Enterprise's Outbound Routes 500
Influencing BGP Weight 500
Setting the Local Preference 507
IP Routes Based on BGP Best Paths 513
Increasing the Length of the AS_Path Using AS_Path Prepend 517
Influencing an Enterprise's Inbound Routes with MED 519
MED Concepts 519
MED Configuration 521
Exam Preparation Tasks 523
Planning Practice 523
Design Review Table 523
Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 523
Create an Implementation Plan Table 524
Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 525
Review all the Key Topics 526
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 526
Define Key Terms 526
Part VI IPv6
Chapter 16 IP Version 6 Addressing 529
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 529
Foundation Topics 532
Global Unicast Addressing, Routing, and Subnetting 533
Global Route Aggregation for Efficient Routing 534
Conventions for Representing IPv6 Addresses 536
Conventions for Writing IPv6 Prefixes 537
Global Unicast Prefix Assignment Example 539
Subnetting Global Unicast IPv6 Addresses Inside an Enterprise 541
Prefix Terminology 543
Assigning IPv6 Global Unicast Addresses 544
Stateful DHCP for IPv6 545
Stateless Autoconfiguration 545
Static IPv6 Address Configuration 549
Survey of IPv6 Addressing 549
Overview of IPv6 Addressing 550
Unicast IPv6 Addresses 550
Multicast and Other Special IPv6 Addresses 553
Layer 2 Addressing Mapping and Duplicate Address Detection 554
Configuring IPv6 Addresses on Cisco Routers 556
Configuring Static IPv6 Addresses on Routers 557
Multicast Groups Joined by IPv6 Router Interfaces 559
Connected Routes and Neighbors 560
The IPv6 Neighbor Table 561
Stateless Autoconfiguration 561
Exam Preparation Tasks 563
Planning Practice 563
Design Review Table 563
Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 563
Create an Implementation Plan Table 564
Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 564
Review all the Key Topics 565
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 566
Define Key Terms 566
Chapter 17 IPv6 Routing Protocols and Redistribution 569
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 569
Foundation Topics 573
RIP Next Generation (RIPng) 573
RIPng-Theory and Comparisons to RIP-2 574
Configuring RIPng 575
Verifying RIPng 578
EIGRP for IPv6 581
EIGRP for IPv4 and IPv6-Theory and Comparisons 581
Configuring EIGRP for IPv6 582
Verifying EIGRP for IPv6 584
OSPF Version 3 588
Comparing OSPFv2 and OSPFv3 588
Configuring OSPFv3 590
Verifying OSPFv3 592
IPv6 IGP Redistribution 595
Redistributing without Route Maps 596
Redistributing with Route Maps 598
Static IPv6 Routes 599
Exam Preparation Tasks 602
Planning Practice 602
Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 602
Create an Implementation Plan Table 602
Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 603
Review all the Key Topics 604
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 604
Define Key Terms 604
Chapter 18 IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence 607
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 607
Foundation Topics 611
IPv4 and IPv6 Migration and Coexistence Concepts 611
IPv4/IPv6 Dual Stacks 611
Tunneling 612
NAT Protocol Translation 617
Static Point-to-Point IPv6 Tunnels 619
Manually Configured Tunnels 620
GRE Tunnels 624
Point-to-Point IPv6 Tunnel Summary 625
Dynamic Multipoint IPv6 Tunnels 626
Automatic 6to4 Tunnels 627
IPv6 ISATAP Tunnels 634
Multipoint IPv6 Tunnel Summary 639
Exam Preparation Tasks 641
Planning Practice 641
Design Review Table 641
Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 642
Create an Implementation Plan Table 642
Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 643
Review all the Key Topics 644
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 644
Define Key Terms 644
Part VII Branch Office Networking
Chapter 19 Routing over Branch Internet Connections 647
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 647
Foundation Topics 650
Branch Office Broadband Internet Access 650
Broadband Internet Access Basics 650
Branch Router as DHCP Server and Client 652
Branch Office Security 653
Using IPsec Tunnels 654
Branch Routing for the Small Branch 656
Routing in Medium and Large Branches 657
Branch Router Configuration for Broadband Access 659
Understanding DSL Concepts 659
Configuring DSL 661
Configuring NAT 663
Configuring DHCP Server 664
VPN Configuration 664
Configuring an IPsec VPN 665
Configuring GRE Tunnels 666
Summary-Branch Routing from PC1 to Enterprise Server S1 667
Exam Preparation Tasks 670
Planning Practice 670
Review all the Key Topics 671
Define Key Terms 671
Part VIII Final Preparation
Chapter 20 Final Preparation 673
Tools for Final Preparation 673
Exam Engine and Questions on the CD 673
Install the Software from the CD 674
Activate and Download the Practice Exam 674
Activating Other Exams 675
The Cisco Learning Network 675
Memory Tables 675
Chapter-Ending Review Tools 676
Suggested Plan for Final Review/Study 676
Step 1: Review Key Topics and DIKTA Questions 677
Step 3: Hands-On Practice 677
Step 6: Subnetting Practice 677
Step 7: Use the Exam Engine 678
Summary 679
Part IX Appendixes
Appendix A Answers to "Do I Know This Already?" Quizzes 681
Appendix B Conversion Tables 701
Appendix C Route Exam Updates 705
Index 708
CD-Only Appendixes and Glossary
Appendix D Memory Tables
Appendix E Memory Tables Answer Key
Appendix F Completed Planning Practice Tables
Glossary
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